diff options
| author | Travis CI <zmoelnig@travis-ci.umlaeute.mur.at> | 2019-05-09 20:32:28 +0000 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Travis CI <zmoelnig@travis-ci.umlaeute.mur.at> | 2019-05-09 20:32:28 +0000 |
| commit | 3114fb3194127af997234cd46bf97afc96fd3983 (patch) | |
| tree | 61593bb1a8f5cbba23185ae5d3dc3558c59cb42a /Gem/manual/Texture.html | |
| parent | 186d5afb000918bbcc6e1bf5af987ec48c5405ea (diff) | |
Gem 01b1861db023a225d01a4d5a519cf54f09f631f5 osx/x86_64
built 'master:01b1861db023a225d01a4d5a519cf54f09f631f5' for osx/x86_64
Diffstat (limited to 'Gem/manual/Texture.html')
| -rw-r--r-- | Gem/manual/Texture.html | 252 |
1 files changed, 126 insertions, 126 deletions
diff --git a/Gem/manual/Texture.html b/Gem/manual/Texture.html index 1de889c..0e35a1d 100644 --- a/Gem/manual/Texture.html +++ b/Gem/manual/Texture.html @@ -1,126 +1,126 @@ -<!doctype html public "-//w3c//dtd html 4.0 transitional//en">
-<html>
-<head>
- <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
- <meta name="Author" content="Mark Danks">
- <meta name="Author" content="IOhannes m zmölnig">
- <title>Texture mapping</title>
-</head>
-<body>
-
-<center>
-<h2>
-<u>Texture Mapping</u></h2></center>
-<a href="Gloss.html#Texture">Texture mapping</a> is the act of applying
-pixel data to a geometric object. In GEM, this is achieved with the
-<i>[pix_texture]</i>
-object. It is important to understand that the
-<i>[pix_texture]</i>
-object merely sets the pix as the current texture. It does not do
-any rendering! You need to use a geo object which does texture mapping.
-All of the basic geo objects can texture map, such as <i>[square]</i> or
-<i>[sphere]</i>.
-<p><img SRC="tribar.gif" height=13 width=561>
-<p>A simple example of texture mapping is the following patch:
-<center>
-<p><img SRC="texture.jpg" BORDER=1 height=182 width=160></center>
-
-<p>This patch can be found at 07.texture/01.texture.pd. Change
-the number box connected to the rotate object to see what a texture map
-on a cube looks like.
-<p>The <i>[pix_image]</i> object loads in the fractal image file. The
-<i>[pix_texture]</i>
-object says that the pix data should be used as a texture map. Notice
-that this is different than the previous manual section when we used the
-<i>[pix_draw]</i> object. The final object in the chain is the <i>[cube]</i>
-object. Because we have enabled texture mapping with the <i>[pix_texture]</i>
-object, the cube takes the pix data and applies it to the geometry.
-<p><img SRC="tribar.gif" height=13 width=561>
-<p>Texture mapping can be used with any GEM object. In the previous
-manual section, you saw how to load in pix data with a variety of objects,
-including <i>[pix_multiimage]</i> and <i>[pix_video]</i>. All of these
-objects can be used with the <i>[pix_texture]</i> object.
-<p>Because the pix data is applied to geometry, you can move, rotate, and
-scale the image. This is extremely useful on the <i>[square]</i> object.
-Instead of doing a one-to-one pixel mapping as occurs with the <i>[pix_draw]</i>
-object, you can resize and reshape the image.
-<p>OpenGL originally required that images must have dimensions that are power-of-2, such as 64, 128, or 256. This restriction has been released with recent gfx-cards
-(like some radeon/nvidia products).
-However, if the width or height of an image is not a power of two,
-then the <i>[pix_texture]</i> object will take care of this,
-and still render it (depending on you hardware with some tricks).
-You can thus texture images of any size, but since this is based on tricking
-the texture-coordinates, <i>[pix_coordinate]</i> might not give the wanted result any more.
-<p><img SRC="tribar.gif" height=13 width=561>
-<p>The example patch 07.texture/02.moveImages.pd is a much more complex
-patch which uses alpha blending to create a transparent object, in this
-case, the dancer. Make sure to turn on the rotation with the <i>[metro]</i>
-object.
-<p><img SRC="tribar.gif" height=13 width=561><a href="index.html"></a>
-<p>People have been asking how textures are handled in GEM. Here
-is a long explanation from an email which I wrote.
-<p><tt> Here is how textures are dealt with under OpenGL and hardware
-accelerators. This can obviously change in the future, but right
-now, I am fairly certain that the info is correct (I make games in my day
-job, so I have vested interest in this :-)</tt><tt></tt>
-<p><tt> The amount of memory (VRAM) on the card (12mb for Voodoo2,
-16mb for TNT, 64mb for GeForce2, etc) is used for both textures (TRAM)
-and frame buffer space. If you have a large rendering window, like
-1600x1200, it will take up 1600x1200x4x3 in 32-bit mode with double buffering
-and a Z buffer (or 23mb). Most people run at TV resolution, like
-NTSC, so it takes 640x480x4x3 = 3.7mb All of the space left
-is for textures onboard the card (FYI, if you have heard that people are
-having problems with the PlayStation2, notice that it only has 4mb of VRAM...not
-much onboard texture space, huh? :-) Thankfully it has an <i>extremely</i>
-fast DMA bus)</tt><tt></tt>
-<p><tt> Sooo, when GEM "creates" a texture, it immediately tries
-to send the texture to the card, which uses some of the left over space
-in the VRAM. If you had a 640x480 window on a Voodoo2, you have ~8mb
-of texture space left over. On a GeForce2, ~60mb. The problem
-is what happens if you want more textures than can fit into TRAM.
-OpenGL requires that the video drivers deal with the problem, so GEM doesn't
-care too much (more about this later).</tt><tt></tt>
-<p><tt> In most cases, the drivers cache the textures in main memory
-and if a texture is requested for rendering and it isn't resident on the
-card, it will download it. If you have AGP, then this is pretty quick,
-although none of 3dfx cards really take advantage of this (ie, those cards
-are about the same speed as the PCI bus). So depending on the number
-of textures, and how complex the scene is, you might be able to display
-more textures than you have TRAM.</tt><tt></tt>
-<p><tt> One slowdown that can happen with GEM is that it makes a
-copy of the image before sending it down the chain of objects. If
-you are constantly changing images with a pix_multiimage, this can be a
-performance hit, but you can modify the actual pixel data with the pix
-objects. The pixels aren't sent to the graphics card until the pix_texture
-object is reached.</tt><tt></tt>
-<p><tt> GEM tries to help with this with a few objects. pix_imageInPlace
-acts much the same as pix_multiimage, but it downloads _every_ image in
-the sequence to the card when a download message is recieved. It
-also immediately turns on texturing, instead of making a copy (ie, you
-don't need a pix_texture object). Much faster, but not as flexible.
-pix_movie does much the same thing. It sends the pixel data without
-copying it if there is a new frame to display.</tt><tt></tt>
-<p><tt> The entire pix system uses a caching system so that the copying
-and processing only occurs if something actually changes. For example,
-if you had a pix_threshold object, it would only process when rendering
-started...and every time that the values actually changed. You can
-use pix_buf to isolate parts which don't change from those that do, but
-it involves another copy.</tt><tt></tt>
-<p><tt> On the Voodoo2, the hardware itself limits textures to 256x256...this
-will never change. The newest Voodoo5 boards have a higher texture
-size.</tt><tt></tt>
-<p><tt> If you load the _exact_ same image (this means the exact
-same file/path name), then the pix_image has a cache system which means
-that it is only loaded into the</tt>
-<br><tt>computers memory once. However, each pix_image still sends
-its own copy down to the gfx card.</tt><tt></tt>
-<p><tt> You could use a single [pix_image]/[pix_texture] with [separator]
-to do this...I have done it a lot in the past.</tt><tt></tt>
-<p><tt> The reason that [pix_image] doesn't share the actual texture
-data is that you can modify the pixel data with other pix objects...[pix_image]
-doesn't actually send the texture data to the gfx card, [pix_texture] does.</tt>
-<p><img SRC="tribar.gif" height=13 width=561><a href="index.html"></a>
-<p><a href="index.html">[return]</a>
-<br>
-</body>
-</html>
+<!doctype html public "-//w3c//dtd html 4.0 transitional//en"> +<html> +<head> + <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> + <meta name="Author" content="Mark Danks"> + <meta name="Author" content="IOhannes m zmölnig"> + <title>Texture mapping</title> +</head> +<body> + +<center> +<h2> +<u>Texture Mapping</u></h2></center> +<a href="Gloss.html#Texture">Texture mapping</a> is the act of applying +pixel data to a geometric object. In GEM, this is achieved with the +<i>[pix_texture]</i> +object. It is important to understand that the +<i>[pix_texture]</i> +object merely sets the pix as the current texture. It does not do +any rendering! You need to use a geo object which does texture mapping. +All of the basic geo objects can texture map, such as <i>[square]</i> or +<i>[sphere]</i>. +<p><img SRC="tribar.gif" height=13 width=561> +<p>A simple example of texture mapping is the following patch: +<center> +<p><img SRC="texture.jpg" BORDER=1 height=182 width=160></center> + +<p>This patch can be found at 07.texture/01.texture.pd. Change +the number box connected to the rotate object to see what a texture map +on a cube looks like. +<p>The <i>[pix_image]</i> object loads in the fractal image file. The +<i>[pix_texture]</i> +object says that the pix data should be used as a texture map. Notice +that this is different than the previous manual section when we used the +<i>[pix_draw]</i> object. The final object in the chain is the <i>[cube]</i> +object. Because we have enabled texture mapping with the <i>[pix_texture]</i> +object, the cube takes the pix data and applies it to the geometry. +<p><img SRC="tribar.gif" height=13 width=561> +<p>Texture mapping can be used with any GEM object. In the previous +manual section, you saw how to load in pix data with a variety of objects, +including <i>[pix_multiimage]</i> and <i>[pix_video]</i>. All of these +objects can be used with the <i>[pix_texture]</i> object. +<p>Because the pix data is applied to geometry, you can move, rotate, and +scale the image. This is extremely useful on the <i>[square]</i> object. +Instead of doing a one-to-one pixel mapping as occurs with the <i>[pix_draw]</i> +object, you can resize and reshape the image. +<p>OpenGL originally required that images must have dimensions that are power-of-2, such as 64, 128, or 256. This restriction has been released with recent gfx-cards +(like some radeon/nvidia products). +However, if the width or height of an image is not a power of two, +then the <i>[pix_texture]</i> object will take care of this, +and still render it (depending on you hardware with some tricks). +You can thus texture images of any size, but since this is based on tricking +the texture-coordinates, <i>[pix_coordinate]</i> might not give the wanted result any more. +<p><img SRC="tribar.gif" height=13 width=561> +<p>The example patch 07.texture/02.moveImages.pd is a much more complex +patch which uses alpha blending to create a transparent object, in this +case, the dancer. Make sure to turn on the rotation with the <i>[metro]</i> +object. +<p><img SRC="tribar.gif" height=13 width=561><a href="index.html"></a> +<p>People have been asking how textures are handled in GEM. Here +is a long explanation from an email which I wrote. +<p><tt> Here is how textures are dealt with under OpenGL and hardware +accelerators. This can obviously change in the future, but right +now, I am fairly certain that the info is correct (I make games in my day +job, so I have vested interest in this :-)</tt><tt></tt> +<p><tt> The amount of memory (VRAM) on the card (12mb for Voodoo2, +16mb for TNT, 64mb for GeForce2, etc) is used for both textures (TRAM) +and frame buffer space. If you have a large rendering window, like +1600x1200, it will take up 1600x1200x4x3 in 32-bit mode with double buffering +and a Z buffer (or 23mb). Most people run at TV resolution, like +NTSC, so it takes 640x480x4x3 = 3.7mb All of the space left +is for textures onboard the card (FYI, if you have heard that people are +having problems with the PlayStation2, notice that it only has 4mb of VRAM...not +much onboard texture space, huh? :-) Thankfully it has an <i>extremely</i> +fast DMA bus)</tt><tt></tt> +<p><tt> Sooo, when GEM "creates" a texture, it immediately tries +to send the texture to the card, which uses some of the left over space +in the VRAM. If you had a 640x480 window on a Voodoo2, you have ~8mb +of texture space left over. On a GeForce2, ~60mb. The problem +is what happens if you want more textures than can fit into TRAM. +OpenGL requires that the video drivers deal with the problem, so GEM doesn't +care too much (more about this later).</tt><tt></tt> +<p><tt> In most cases, the drivers cache the textures in main memory +and if a texture is requested for rendering and it isn't resident on the +card, it will download it. If you have AGP, then this is pretty quick, +although none of 3dfx cards really take advantage of this (ie, those cards +are about the same speed as the PCI bus). So depending on the number +of textures, and how complex the scene is, you might be able to display +more textures than you have TRAM.</tt><tt></tt> +<p><tt> One slowdown that can happen with GEM is that it makes a +copy of the image before sending it down the chain of objects. If +you are constantly changing images with a pix_multiimage, this can be a +performance hit, but you can modify the actual pixel data with the pix +objects. The pixels aren't sent to the graphics card until the pix_texture +object is reached.</tt><tt></tt> +<p><tt> GEM tries to help with this with a few objects. pix_imageInPlace +acts much the same as pix_multiimage, but it downloads _every_ image in +the sequence to the card when a download message is recieved. It +also immediately turns on texturing, instead of making a copy (ie, you +don't need a pix_texture object). Much faster, but not as flexible. +pix_movie does much the same thing. It sends the pixel data without +copying it if there is a new frame to display.</tt><tt></tt> +<p><tt> The entire pix system uses a caching system so that the copying +and processing only occurs if something actually changes. For example, +if you had a pix_threshold object, it would only process when rendering +started...and every time that the values actually changed. You can +use pix_buf to isolate parts which don't change from those that do, but +it involves another copy.</tt><tt></tt> +<p><tt> On the Voodoo2, the hardware itself limits textures to 256x256...this +will never change. The newest Voodoo5 boards have a higher texture +size.</tt><tt></tt> +<p><tt> If you load the _exact_ same image (this means the exact +same file/path name), then the pix_image has a cache system which means +that it is only loaded into the</tt> +<br><tt>computers memory once. However, each pix_image still sends +its own copy down to the gfx card.</tt><tt></tt> +<p><tt> You could use a single [pix_image]/[pix_texture] with [separator] +to do this...I have done it a lot in the past.</tt><tt></tt> +<p><tt> The reason that [pix_image] doesn't share the actual texture +data is that you can modify the pixel data with other pix objects...[pix_image] +doesn't actually send the texture data to the gfx card, [pix_texture] does.</tt> +<p><img SRC="tribar.gif" height=13 width=561><a href="index.html"></a> +<p><a href="index.html">[return]</a> +<br> +</body> +</html> |