#N canvas 299 68 516 572 10;
#N canvas 132 22 591 609 What_is_an_array_in_PD 0;
#X text 27 17 WHAT IS AN ARRAY IN PURE DATA?;
#X text 45 42 Arrays \, in most programming environments \, are considered
to be "a sequence of objects all of which have the same variable type"
wherein each object is called an element and the elements are numbered
in a row 0 \, 1 \, 2 \, 3 \, etc. These numbers are called indices.
Each index holds a corresponding value.;
#X text 46 222 Arrays in Pd look like this:;
#N canvas 0 22 450 300 graph18 0;
#X array example_array 100 float 0;
#X coords 0 1 99 -1 200 140 1;
#X restore 277 225 graph;
#X text 63 486 1 Right-click on the array and select "Properties" from
the menu. Two dialogue boxes will open - one called "graph" and one
called "array".;
#X text 64 543 2 Then right-click again on the array and select "Help"
from the menu. The window that opens is the table.pd help document.
;
#X text 45 148 All of this is true in Pd \, except that arrays in Pd
can only hold floating point data. (other data types in Pd are called
"lists" or "anythings" and require different tools to manipulate them.)
;
#X text 45 378 The array above is actually only the horizontal line!
The rectangle surrounding the array is called a "graph". These two
objects are separate \, but Pd creates both simoultaneously for purposes
of convenience. These two objects together are called a "table". To
see what I mean by all of this:;
#X restore 43 42 pd What_is_an_array_in_PD;
#N canvas 148 160 612 619 How_to_manipulate_arrays_in_PD 0;
#X text 13 5 HOW TO MANIPULATE ARRAYS IN Pd;
#N canvas 0 22 452 302 graph28 0;
#X array exampleArray 67 float 0;
#X coords 0 2 67 -2 200 140 1;
#X restore 369 451 graph;
#N canvas 2 29 722 269 Setting_the_size_of_an_array 0;
#X msg 44 88 \; exampleArray resize \$1;
#X floatatom 44 66 5 0 0 0 - - -;
#X text 16 18 1 The size of an array can be set using the array's dialogue
box. Or with a [send] message like below.;
#X text 15 65 2;
#X text 231 91 same as;
#X floatatom 305 66 5 0 0 0 - - -;
#X obj 305 114 s exampleArray;
#X msg 305 88 resize \$1;
#X text 19 158 Note that new elements always have a default value of
zero when you make an array larger. Also note that if you make arrays
smaller \, you may lose data as each element is deleted from the end
of the array.;
#X connect 1 0 0 0;
#X connect 5 0 7 0;
#X connect 7 0 6 0;
#X restore 24 270 pd Setting_the_size_of_an_array;
#N canvas 4 30 720 447 Concatenate_two_arrays 0;
#X text 19 10 This example assumes that we already know the size of
the two arrays which will be concatenated. This process will fill NewArray
with the contents of exampleArray and concatArray.;
#N canvas 0 22 450 300 graph33 0;
#X array concatArray 15 float 1;
#A 0 -0.700355 -0.371783 -0.443212 -0.700355 -0.714641 -0.386069 0.0425035
0.399647 0.513933 0.399647 0.128218 -0.128925 -0.21464 -0.0289252 -0.700355
;
#X coords 0 1 14 -1 200 140 1;
#X restore 492 25 graph;
#N canvas 0 22 450 300 graph34 0;
#X array NewArray 82 float 0;
#X coords 0 1 81 -1 300 140 1;
#X restore 389 267 graph;
#X obj 125 66 bng 15 250 50 0 empty empty Bang_me 18 7 0 8 -262144
-1 -1;
#X obj 28 96 until;
#X obj 28 171 f;
#X obj 58 171 + 1;
#X obj 28 286 tabread exampleArray;
#X obj 28 340 tabwrite NewArray;
#X obj 141 311 tabread concatArray;
#X text 372 194 This example is much more interesting if;
#X text 373 212 you draw new values into each array with;
#X text 373 230 your mouse - then reset and bang again.;
#X obj 150 134 arraysize exampleArray;
#X obj 125 163 arraysize concatArray;
#X obj 125 188 +;
#X msg 178 241 \; NewArray resize \$1;
#X text 28 75 loop;
#X obj 28 219 moses;
#X obj 141 254 -;
#X obj 125 85 t b b b;
#X obj 125 212 t f f;
#X msg 47 144 0;
#X obj 176 109 s clr1;
#X obj 47 119 r clr1;
#X connect 3 0 20 0;
#X connect 4 0 5 0;
#X connect 5 0 6 0;
#X connect 5 0 18 0;
#X connect 5 0 8 1;
#X connect 6 0 5 1;
#X connect 7 0 8 0;
#X connect 9 0 8 0;
#X connect 13 0 15 1;
#X connect 13 0 19 1;
#X connect 13 0 18 1;
#X connect 14 0 15 0;
#X connect 15 0 21 0;
#X connect 18 0 7 0;
#X connect 18 1 19 0;
#X connect 19 0 9 0;
#X connect 20 0 14 0;
#X connect 20 1 13 0;
#X connect 20 2 23 0;
#X connect 21 0 4 0;
#X connect 21 1 16 0;
#X connect 22 0 5 1;
#X connect 24 0 22 0;
#X restore 24 371 pd Concatenate_two_arrays;
#N canvas 4 30 735 395 Join_array_elements_into_a_list 0;
#X text 16 12 JOIN ARRAY ELEMENTS INTO A LIST;
#X obj 22 163 bng 15 250 50 0 empty empty Bang_me 18 7 0 8 -24198 -1
-1;
#X obj 23 241 until;
#X obj 24 320 tabread exampleArray;
#X obj 216 235 pack s f;
#X obj 216 183 t b f;
#X obj 24 292 f;
#X obj 58 292 + 1;
#X obj 24 348 s \$1-value;
#X obj 216 157 r \$1-value;
#X obj 216 261 route list;
#X obj 519 210 bng 15 250 50 0 empty empty empty 0 -6 0 8 -262144 -1
-1;
#X obj 519 229 savepanel;
#X msg 519 252 \; exampleArray write \$1;
#X obj 283 353 print;
#X text 289 330 store the list;
#X obj 283 312 textfile;
#X msg 345 285 rewind;
#X obj 216 209 symbol add2;
#X obj 310 240 bng 15 250 50 0 empty empty THEN_Print_the_list 18 7
0 8 -24198 -1 -1;
#X text 451 308 can be achieved by saving the;
#X text 451 324 array elements to a text file;
#X text 452 341 using the savepanel and write;
#X text 453 357 message.;
#X text 452 292 Alternatively \, a similar result;
#X obj 22 183 arraysize exampleArray;
#X msg 129 261 clear;
#X obj 310 261 t b b;
#X msg 74 260 0;
#X text 29 37 In some other programming environments \, including Visual
Basic and Java (among others) \, there are functions which join all
elements of an array into a list. This example shows how this functionality
can be duplicated in Pd. This example uses the elements of exampleArray
from the previous help window. The list can either be printed to the
terminal window \, or it can be saved to a text file.;
#X obj 23 214 t f b;
#X connect 1 0 25 0;
#X connect 2 0 6 0;
#X connect 3 0 8 0;
#X connect 4 0 10 0;
#X connect 5 0 18 0;
#X connect 5 1 4 1;
#X connect 6 0 7 0;
#X connect 6 0 3 0;
#X connect 7 0 6 1;
#X connect 9 0 5 0;
#X connect 10 0 16 0;
#X connect 11 0 12 0;
#X connect 12 0 13 0;
#X connect 16 0 14 0;
#X connect 17 0 16 0;
#X connect 18 0 4 0;
#X connect 19 0 27 0;
#X connect 25 0 30 0;
#X connect 26 0 16 0;
#X connect 27 0 16 0;
#X connect 27 1 17 0;
#X connect 28 0 6 1;
#X connect 30 0 2 0;
#X connect 30 1 28 0;
#X connect 30 1 26 0;
#X restore 24 397 pd Join_array_elements_into_a_list;
#N canvas 2 29 719 337 Getting_the_size_of_an_array 0;
#X text 15 11 GETTING THE SIZE OF AN ARRAY;
#X text 34 34 If you deal with arrays often \, you will want to download
the [arraysize] external written by PIX. Pd lacks a native object for
this purpose and I'm afraid that without this external this functionality
is impossible in Pd.;
#X obj 38 127 arraysize exampleArray;
#X obj 38 107 bng 15 250 50 0 empty empty empty 0 -6 0 8 -262144 -1
-1;
#X floatatom 38 152 5 0 0 0 - - -;
#X text 35 183 Having said that...PD arrays accept a "print" command
which will output important array information to the terminal window.
Like below:;
#X msg 40 258 \; exampleArray print;
#X connect 2 0 4 0;
#X connect 3 0 2 0;
#X restore 24 320 pd Getting_the_size_of_an_array;
#N canvas 0 31 721 390 Reversing_an_array 0;
#X text 20 15 REVERSING AN ARRAY;
#X text 23 35 When an array is reversed \, as the name implies the
first element becomes the last and the last becomes the first. When
viewing this example \, please be sure you can see the "exampleArray"
in the previous window.;
#X obj 110 109 bng 15 250 50 0 empty empty Reverse_me 18 7 0 8 -262144
-1 -1;
#X obj 110 128 arraysize exampleArray;
#X obj 110 200 until;
#X obj 176 228 + 1;
#X obj 144 228 f;
#X obj 135 176 s \$1-length;
#X obj 169 281 tabread exampleArray;
#X obj 313 342 table tempArray;
#X obj 110 152 t f f f;
#X obj 234 196 s tempArray;
#X msg 234 172 resize \$1;
#X obj 65 308 tabwrite tempArray;
#X obj 510 41 sel;
#X obj 586 31 - 1;
#X obj 586 7 r \$1-length;
#X obj 144 254 t f f f;
#X obj 57 278 s \$1-eof;
#X obj 510 8 r \$1-eof;
#X obj 510 113 until;
#X obj 510 88 f;
#X obj 510 161 f;
#X obj 542 161 - 1;
#X obj 561 108 r \$1-length;
#X obj 529 64 r \$1-length;
#X obj 510 213 tabread tempArray;
#X obj 510 345 tabwrite exampleArray;
#X obj 574 265 f;
#X obj 593 241 r \$1-length;
#X obj 574 314 mod;
#X obj 593 289 r \$1-length;
#X obj 604 265 + 1;
#X obj 510 186 t f b;
#X obj 561 131 - 1;
#X text 13 346 Copies array to a temporary location.;
#X msg 327 124 0;
#X obj 327 148 s clr2;
#X obj 443 150 r clr2;
#X obj 163 200 r clr2;
#X connect 2 0 3 0;
#X connect 2 0 36 0;
#X connect 3 0 10 0;
#X connect 4 0 6 0;
#X connect 5 0 6 1;
#X connect 6 0 5 0;
#X connect 6 0 17 0;
#X connect 8 0 13 0;
#X connect 10 0 4 0;
#X connect 10 1 7 0;
#X connect 10 2 12 0;
#X connect 12 0 11 0;
#X connect 14 0 21 0;
#X connect 15 0 14 1;
#X connect 16 0 15 0;
#X connect 17 0 18 0;
#X connect 17 1 8 0;
#X connect 17 2 13 1;
#X connect 19 0 14 0;
#X connect 20 0 22 0;
#X connect 21 0 20 0;
#X connect 22 0 23 0;
#X connect 22 0 33 0;
#X connect 23 0 22 1;
#X connect 24 0 34 0;
#X connect 25 0 21 1;
#X connect 26 0 27 0;
#X connect 28 0 30 0;
#X connect 28 0 32 0;
#X connect 29 0 28 1;
#X connect 30 0 27 1;
#X connect 31 0 30 1;
#X connect 32 0 28 1;
#X connect 33 0 26 0;
#X connect 33 1 28 0;
#X connect 34 0 22 1;
#X connect 36 0 37 0;
#X connect 38 0 22 1;
#X connect 39 0 6 1;
#X restore 24 474 pd Reversing_an_array;
#N canvas 2 30 719 390 Popping_and_Pushing_arrays 0;
#X obj 62 181 bng 15 250 50 0 empty empty Pop_me -18 -6 0 8 -262144
-1 -1;
#X obj 134 199 arraysize exampleArray;
#X obj 134 294 tabread exampleArray;
#X floatatom 134 318 0 0 0 0 - - -;
#X obj 99 173 t b b;
#X obj 51 320 - 1;
#X msg 51 346 \; exampleArray resize \$1;
#X floatatom 158 223 0 0 0 0 - - -;
#X text 175 318 value of last element;
#X obj 458 188 bng 15 250 50 0 empty empty Push_me 18 7 0 8 -262144
-1 -1;
#X text 31 33 I got this idea from Java \, which provides a method
to "pop" an array. The "pop" method will remove the last element in
the array and return its value. The interesting thing about this in
PD is that we need to know the length of the array before we start
(hence another situation where [arraysize] is an essential tool). "Pushing"
is the opposite effect and also a tool provided in Java. When an array
is pushed \, an element is added to the array and the new size is returned.
;
#X obj 458 208 arraysize exampleArray;
#X obj 458 232 + 1;
#X msg 458 292 \; exampleArray resize \$1;
#X floatatom 476 258 0 0 0 0 - - -;
#X text 521 258 new size;
#X text 16 12 POPPING AND PUSHING AN ARRAY;
#X obj 158 246 - 1;
#X text 197 223 # of total elements;
#X floatatom 158 271 0 0 0 0 - - -;
#X text 198 273 new size;
#X connect 0 0 4 0;
#X connect 1 0 2 0;
#X connect 1 0 5 0;
#X connect 1 0 7 0;
#X connect 2 0 3 0;
#X connect 4 0 5 0;
#X connect 4 1 1 0;
#X connect 5 0 6 0;
#X connect 7 0 17 0;
#X connect 9 0 11 0;
#X connect 11 0 12 0;
#X connect 12 0 13 0;
#X connect 12 0 14 0;
#X connect 17 0 19 0;
#X restore 24 423 pd Popping_and_Pushing_arrays;
#N canvas 2 30 722 391 Shifting_an_array 0;
#X obj 30 90 bng 15 250 50 0 empty empty Shift_me 18 7 0 8 -24198 -1
-1;
#X text 16 12 SHIFTING AN ARRAY;
#X text 20 32 The shift method \, in Java \, will remove the first
element of the array and return its value. This is opposite of the
"Pop" method which removes the last element.;
#X obj 30 272 tabread exampleArray;
#X obj 30 354 tabwrite tempArray2;
#X obj 551 11 table tempArray2;
#X obj 30 110 arraysize exampleArray;
#X msg 225 160 \; tempArray2 resize \$1;
#X obj 30 163 until;
#X obj 30 215 f;
#X obj 62 215 + 1;
#X obj 30 136 t f f f;
#X obj 129 167 s \$1-length;
#X obj 160 301 spigot;
#X obj 203 276 < 1;
#X floatatom 160 328 5 0 0 0 - - -;
#X text 209 327 First value.;
#X text 208 345 ...to be deleted.;
#X obj 304 239 - 1;
#X obj 304 212 r \$1-length;
#X obj 30 239 t f f f f;
#X obj 285 263 sel;
#X obj 285 288 s \$2-eof;
#X obj 427 71 r \$2-eof;
#X obj 427 95 t b b;
#X msg 419 304 \; tempArray2 resize \$1 \; exampleArray resize \$1
;
#X obj 401 256 r \$1-length;
#X obj 401 280 - 1;
#X obj 382 304 f;
#X obj 497 128 until;
#X obj 497 102 f;
#X obj 551 69 r \$1-length;
#X obj 529 155 + 1;
#X obj 574 156 r \$1-length;
#X obj 497 184 mod;
#X obj 497 155 f 1;
#X obj 497 209 t f f;
#X obj 497 257 tabread tempArray2;
#X obj 497 281 tabwrite exampleArray;
#X obj 551 93 - 1;
#X obj 574 179 - 1;
#X obj 497 234 + 1;
#X msg 223 105 0;
#X msg 588 118 1;
#X obj 223 129 s clr;
#X obj 588 94 r clr;
#X obj 49 188 r clr;
#X connect 0 0 6 0;
#X connect 0 0 42 0;
#X connect 3 0 4 0;
#X connect 3 0 13 0;
#X connect 6 0 11 0;
#X connect 8 0 9 0;
#X connect 9 0 10 0;
#X connect 9 0 20 0;
#X connect 10 0 9 1;
#X connect 11 0 8 0;
#X connect 11 1 12 0;
#X connect 11 2 7 0;
#X connect 13 0 15 0;
#X connect 14 0 13 1;
#X connect 18 0 21 1;
#X connect 19 0 18 0;
#X connect 20 0 3 0;
#X connect 20 1 4 1;
#X connect 20 2 14 0;
#X connect 20 3 21 0;
#X connect 21 0 22 0;
#X connect 23 0 24 0;
#X connect 24 0 28 0;
#X connect 24 1 30 0;
#X connect 26 0 27 0;
#X connect 27 0 28 1;
#X connect 28 0 25 0;
#X connect 29 0 35 0;
#X connect 30 0 29 0;
#X connect 31 0 39 0;
#X connect 32 0 35 1;
#X connect 33 0 40 0;
#X connect 34 0 36 0;
#X connect 35 0 32 0;
#X connect 35 0 34 0;
#X connect 36 0 41 0;
#X connect 36 1 38 1;
#X connect 37 0 38 0;
#X connect 39 0 30 1;
#X connect 40 0 34 1;
#X connect 41 0 37 0;
#X connect 42 0 44 0;
#X connect 43 0 35 1;
#X connect 45 0 43 0;
#X connect 46 0 9 1;
#X restore 24 449 pd Shifting_an_array;
#X text 25 32 Arrays in Pd are different than the arrays in other languages
primarily because \, in Pd \, they are designed to be displayed graphically
on screen. This is due to the nature of audio synthesis - we want to
see our wave forms and visually understand the data. That's why arrays
in Pd are complicated by other objects like tables \, graphs and widgets.
PD uses these objects to provide a graphic representation of the array
data. If you're not interested in seeing the array data within your
PD patch \, you can use the [table] object to store the array and corresponding
table in a sub-window. Note that [table]s are more CPU friendly than
their graphical counterpart.;
#X text 26 230 Like all programming languages \, Pd provides numerous
tools to manipulate arrays and their data.;
#N canvas 3 32 718 310 Setting_a_constant_array_value 0;
#X floatatom 26 151 0 0 0 0 - - -;
#X obj 26 185 / 100;
#X msg 26 215 \; exampleArray const \$1;
#X text 18 16 SETTING A CONSTANT ARRAY VALUE;
#X text 27 46 By default \, all array element values are zero. However
\, Pd allows you to change that using the "CONST" message.;
#X text 26 88 This feature is useful to reset all values in an array
\, or with a little creativity can be used to "delete" a slice \, or
create silence in audio samples.;
#X connect 0 0 1 0;
#X connect 1 0 2 0;
#X restore 24 345 pd Setting_a_constant_array_value;
#N canvas 3 26 727 395 Higher_math_using_arrays 0;
#X text -7 12 HIGHER MATH USING ARRAYS;
#X text -3 226 Normalize;
#X text 78 227 (arg: renormer...a number by which all array values
will be normalized);
#X msg 6 278 \; exampleArray normalize \$1;
#X floatatom 6 256 5 0 0 0 - - -;
#N canvas 5 55 710 432 sine_waves 0;
#X text 34 188 Sinesum;
#X text 98 190 (arg 1: Number of Points - arg 2: list of partial strengths)
;
#X msg 40 293 \; exampleArray sinesum 64 1 0 0.5 0 0.2 0 0.15;
#X msg 40 251 \; exampleArray sinesum 64 1 0.5 0.38 0.3 0.28 0.25 0.2
;
#X msg 40 210 \; exampleArray sinesum 64 1;
#X text 26 7 SINE WAVES;
#X text 29 30 comment;
#X text 45 29 When the "sinesum" message is sent to the array \, Pd
will want to know two things:;
#X text 58 65 1 How many samples (array elements) should be used? The
higher the number is \, the higher the resolution of the wave form.
;
#X text 58 122 2 What is the relative strength of each "partial" or
"overtone" in the sound? For more info about this \, please lookup
"overtones" or "harmonics" or "partials" on the internet.;
#X text 250 220 a pure sine wave!;
#X text 479 259 a triangle wave;
#X text 412 303 a square wave;
#X text 33 346 Note that these waves aren't exactly triangular or square...instead
they are "smoothed" by the sinesum function to more accurately produce
these wave forms as analog instruments do.;
#X restore 7 42 pd sine_waves;
#X text 141 26 Audio signals in a digital realm are created using a
series of samples. It is digitally possible to create extremely angular
wave forms using Pd arrays \, but the aural result is sometimes distorted
and unpleasant. Hence \, higher math functions help our digital tools
to produce data which can effectively be converted to analog signals
similar to those of our electronic and mechanical predecessors. The
first and one of the most important mathematic functions in digital
synthesis is undoubtebly "sinesum". Pd provides an easy method for
us to integrate these higher math functions in our arrays.;
#N canvas 0 195 750 302 cosine_waves 0;
#X text 11 22 Cosinesum;
#X text 91 22 (arg 1: Number of Points - arg 2: list of partial strengths)
;
#X text 273 84 pure cosine wave!;
#X msg 23 117 \; exampleArray cosinesum 64 0 -0.5 0 -0.2 0.1 0;
#X msg 24 76 \; exampleArray cosinesum 64 0 1;
#X msg 22 159 \; exampleArray cosinesum 64 -0.15 0.2 0.15 -0.15 0.1
0.1 0.2 -0.2 0.35 -0.25 -0.1 0.1 0.199;
#X restore 6 73 pd cosine_waves;
#X text 222 257 To normalize an audio signal means to alter the average
amplitude of the signal. For the sake of clear \, undistored sounds
\, Pd would like all of your audio signals to never exceed 1 or -1
The first step in achieving this is "normalization" \, but can be assisted
by more drastic tools like compressors \, limiters \, gain multipliers
\, etc.;
#X connect 4 0 3 0;
#X restore 24 499 pd Higher_math_using_arrays;
#N canvas 2 31 727 416 Files_and_arrays 0;
#X text 24 14 OTHER IMPORTANT STUFF;
#X obj 225 91 savepanel;
#X obj 225 70 bng 15 250 50 0 empty empty empty 0 -6 0 8 -262144 -1
-1;
#X msg 225 117 \; exampleArray write \$1;
#X obj 475 70 bng 15 250 50 0 empty empty empty 0 -6 0 8 -262144 -1
-1;
#X obj 475 89 openpanel;
#X msg 475 113 \; exampleArray read \$1;
#X text 26 29 Using text files can be helpful in saving or loading
arrays in Pd. Note that the "read" message does not resize your array
automatically.;
#X text 29 160 Audio files can be treated in similar ways by incorporating
the [soundfiler] object. The soundfiler object provides Pd with tools
to automatically resize arrays \, and read/write audio files in a variety
of formats.;
#X obj 77 231 openpanel;
#X obj 52 232 bng 15 250 50 0 empty empty empty 0 -6 0 8 -262144 -1
-1;
#X obj 4 280 symbol read;
#X obj 54 380 soundfiler;
#X obj 54 355 route list;
#X obj 54 332 pack s s s s;
#X obj 100 280 symbol -resize;
#X obj 78 254 t b b s b;
#X obj 145 305 symbol exampleArray;
#X obj 373 231 bng 15 250 50 0 empty empty empty 0 -6 0 8 -262144 -1
-1;
#X obj 375 378 soundfiler;
#X obj 375 353 route list;
#X obj 375 330 pack s s s s;
#X obj 399 253 t b b s b;
#X obj 466 303 symbol exampleArray;
#X obj 398 230 savepanel;
#X obj 317 278 symbol write;
#X obj 421 278 symbol -aiff;
#X connect 1 0 3 0;
#X connect 2 0 1 0;
#X connect 4 0 5 0;
#X connect 5 0 6 0;
#X connect 9 0 16 0;
#X connect 10 0 9 0;
#X connect 11 0 14 0;
#X connect 13 0 12 0;
#X connect 14 0 13 0;
#X connect 15 0 14 1;
#X connect 16 0 11 0;
#X connect 16 1 15 0;
#X connect 16 2 14 2;
#X connect 16 3 17 0;
#X connect 17 0 14 3;
#X connect 18 0 24 0;
#X connect 20 0 19 0;
#X connect 21 0 20 0;
#X connect 22 0 25 0;
#X connect 22 1 26 0;
#X connect 22 2 21 2;
#X connect 22 3 23 0;
#X connect 23 0 21 3;
#X connect 24 0 22 0;
#X connect 25 0 21 0;
#X connect 26 0 21 1;
#X restore 24 526 pd Files_and_arrays;
#N canvas 0 22 719 423 Additional_tools 0;
#X text 18 14 ADDITIONAL TOOLS;
#X text 29 38 The "array" object in Pd accepts special messages to
alter the appearance of the array on screen.;
#X text 19 81 Arrays can be renamed:;
#X msg 203 78 \; exampleArray rename george;
#X msg 431 78 \; george rename exampleArray;
#X msg 303 173 \; exampleArray bounds 0 1 67 -1;
#X text 20 129 You can set the bounds of the rectangle: (the arguments
are:;
#X text 353 146 low x \, high y \, high x \, low y);
#X msg 58 173 \; exampleArray bounds 0 2 67 -2;
#X text 18 219 Array graphs can be given "ticks" on both the x and
y axis to help you visually measure your data. The tick messages require
3 values: (the index or value of the FIRST large tick \, then the interval
between ticks \, then finally the number of ticks overall per large
tick).;
#X msg 488 243 \; exampleArray xticks 0 5 3;
#X msg 471 290 \; exampleArray yticks 0 0.5 4;
#X msg 354 369 \; exampleArray ylabel -5 -2 -1.5 -1 1 1.5 2;
#X msg 26 369 \; exampleArray xlabel 0 10 20 30 40 50 60;
#X text 17 325 Arrays can be given labels to describe the x and y axis.
Give a y value and a bunch of x values or vice versa:;
#X restore 24 553 pd Additional_tools;
#N canvas 375 65 671 598 Populating_an_array 0;
#X text 27 12 POPULATING AN ARRAY;
#X text 41 37 An array in Pd is primarily a storage device for numbers.
The result is a series of numbers that you can do with whatever you
wish...but how does one populate an array?;
#X msg 39 333 \; exampleArray 0 -1 1 -1 0.5 -0.5 0.5 -0.2 0.2 -0.2
0.1 -0.1 0;
#X text 39 522 Note that if your array is larger than your list \,
then only the first elements will be effected. If your array is smaller
than your list \, then your list will be truncated.;
#X msg 38 381 \; exampleArray 9 -1 1 -1 0.5 -0.5 0.5 -0.2 0.2 -0.2
0.1 -0.1 0;
#X msg 38 430 \; exampleArray 55 -1 1 -1 0.5 -0.5 0.5 -0.2 0.2 0.2
0.1 -0.1 0;
#N canvas 225 194 487 361 clearExampleArray 0;
#X obj 199 91 arraysize exampleArray;
#X obj 153 189 moses;
#X obj 124 149 +;
#X obj 162 149 f;
#X msg 162 123 0;
#X msg 123 123 1;
#X obj 153 220 t b b f;
#X obj 184 276 tabwrite exampleArray;
#X msg 184 248 0;
#X obj 55 170 bang;
#X msg 33 92 0;
#X obj 33 67 trigger bang bang;
#X obj 234 168 bang;
#X obj 33 26 inlet;
#X connect 0 0 1 1;
#X connect 1 0 6 0;
#X connect 1 1 12 0;
#X connect 2 0 3 0;
#X connect 2 0 1 0;
#X connect 3 0 2 1;
#X connect 4 0 3 0;
#X connect 5 0 2 0;
#X connect 6 0 9 0;
#X connect 6 1 8 0;
#X connect 6 2 7 1;
#X connect 8 0 7 0;
#X connect 9 0 5 0;
#X connect 10 0 2 0;
#X connect 11 0 10 0;
#X connect 11 1 0 0;
#X connect 12 0 4 0;
#X connect 13 0 11 0;
#X restore 441 483 pd clearExampleArray;
#X obj 419 483 bng 19 250 50 0 empty empty empty 0 -6 0 8 -62784 -1
-1;
#X text 39 94 Advanced techniques using text or audio files is described
later \, but for now it's important to know that you can send an array
a list. Each element in the list will be assigned to the corresponding
element in the array. Note that the first position in an array is always
zero!;
#X text 39 235 These messages below populate exampleArray on the parent
patch with some values. The first element is the name of the array
to populate. The second element is the position to start at. The rest
of the elements are values to add to the array sequentially.;
#X text 53 185 first position in array = array[0];
#X text 53 201 second position in array = array[1];
#X connect 7 0 6 0;
#X restore 24 295 pd Populating_an_array;
#X restore 41 173 pd How_to_manipulate_arrays_in_PD;
#N canvas 132 22 587 609 How_to_create_an_array_in_PD 0;
#X text 22 9 1 Select "array" from the "Put" menu above.;
#X text 21 288 4 If you want Pd to create a new graph for this array
\, then select "in new graph". If you have another location in mind
-- for example if you want to overlap two arrays in a single graph
\, then select "in last graph".;
#X text 19 361 5 Then click "OK" and place the new array anywhere in
this window.;
#X text 19 403 6 Note: if you do not want to see the graph in this
window \, then you can use the [table] object instead...the array will
then be created inside the [table] object and will be seen only if
you manually open the table.;
#X text 22 31 2 A dialogue box appears where you can type the name
of the array and the desired size. Names can be anything you want -
if you want a localized array \, then name it something like \$1-dave
(the dollar sign indicates that part of the name is a variable which
is unique to this patch). The size of the array can be anything greater
than 0 (zero). At a sample rate of 441000 khz \, an array of 882000
will provide you with 2 seconds of audio data.;
#X text 21 167 3 The "Save contents" checkbox will inform Pure Data
that you want the array saved within the source code of this patch.
This way \, you can ensure that the array will maintain its values
each time you open this patch. This is recommended only for relatively
small arrays...larger arrays should be saved to either a text file
\, or an audio file.;
#X restore 42 106 pd How_to_create_an_array_in_PD;
#N canvas 133 22 646 607 Common_uses_for_arrays_in_PD 0;
#X text 27 26 COMMON USES FOR ARRAYS IN Pd;
#X text 49 60 Arrays are versatile. Their simple structure make them
useful in countless situations. This page discusses perhaps the most
common applications.;
#X text 50 225 2 MIDI Sequencers: array values limited to a range between
0 and 127 are suitable for MIDI output to be used as pitch \, velocity
\, or controller numbers. Some MIDI information requires a much larger
range \, such as pitch benders.;
#X text 50 306 3 Envelopes: an array with four elements can be used
effectively as an ADSR enveloper. There are numerous examples of this
in other Pd help documents.;
#X text 53 377 4 Math and conversion tables: arrays are an excellent
visual tool when performing fourier analysis and other higher mathematic
functions.;
#X text 54 450 5 Wave editing: with proper manipulation of array data
\, Pd can be fully functional wave editor \, complete with mouse-clickable
cut-n-paste \, pitch-shift \, time expansion \, down/upsampling \,
and other tools typically found in commercial wave editors.;
#X text 49 128 1 Audio sample data: when an array's values are limited
to a range between -1 and 1 \, the numbers are suitable for conversion
to analog audio signal. These arrays are typically many thousands of
elements and stored on hard disk in the form of aiff \, wav or pure
text.;
#X restore 40 239 pd Common_uses_for_arrays_in_PD;
#X text 39 309 NOTE: I strongly recommend that you download the [arraysize]
external to your "pd/extra" folder before continuing. Some of these
examples are impossible without it -- I personally feel that [arraysize]
should be considered for permanent inclusion in future Pd distributions.
Check the CVS Repository or Pure-data.org for [arraysize].;
#X text 40 459 This document is meant to supplement the help documentation
for [table] \, [tabread] \, [tabwrite] \, [soundfiler] \, [tabsend~]
\, [tabreceive~] \, [tabplay~] \, etc.;
#X obj 4 4 cnv 15 500 20 empty empty all_about_arrays 20 10 1 18 -233017
-66577 0;
#X obj 471 5 pddp;
#X text 316 528 updated for Pd 0.38-2;