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#X text 286 27 modulation index;
#X text 286 42 in hundredths;
#X text 125 78 carrier;
#X text 124 96 frequency;
#X text 209 83 frequency;
#X text 210 66 modulation;
#X text 33 132 carrier;
#X text 33 147 phase -->;
#X text 6 175 phase;
#X text 5 190 modulation-->;
#X text 12 217 output;
#X text 11 234 waveform -->;
#X text 129 1 PHASE MODULATION;
#X text 16 378 Most implementations of "FM" actually use phase \, not
frequency \, modulation \, because it extends in a more natural way
to "multi-operator FM" with three or more oscillators.;
#X text 16 434 To do phase modulation \, we split the "carrier oscillator"
into its phase calculation (phasor~) and its waveform lookup (cos~).
These together would be equivalent to an osc~ object \, but the "+~"
between them adds the modulating oscillator's output to the phase.
;
#X text 20 652 We also have to use a line~ to smooth changes in the
modulation index \, which wasn't necessary in the previous patch.;
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#X obj 117 557 cos~;
#X obj 117 529 phasor~;
#X text 60 539 this:;
#X text 219 532 is the same;
#X text 220 551 as this:;
#X obj 335 544 osc~;
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#X msg 213 221 bang;
#X text 260 220 <-- graph them;
#X obj 126 296 output~;
#X obj 127 270 hip~;
#X text 408 98 ramped to avoid;
#X text 407 114 clicks.);
#X text 407 82 (the index is;
#X text 435 704 updated for Pd version 0.37;
#X text 21 588 The "modulation" index \, which in true FM is in units
of Hertz \, is dimensionless for phase moduation. "Good" values tend
to be between 0 and 1... in this patch the index is in hundredths.
;
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