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<html><head>
<!-- $Id: architecture.html,v 1.2 2006-03-15 04:44:50 matju Exp $ -->
<title>GridFlow 0.8.1 - Reference Manual: Architecture</title>
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</td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr>
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<h4>GridFlow 0.8.1 - Reference Manual: Architecture</h4>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td width="5%" rowspan="2"> </td>
<td width="15%" height="23"> </td>
<td width="80%" height="23"> </td>
<td width="5%" height="23"> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"><div cols="1"><h4><a href="#Numbers">Numbers</a></h4><ul>
</ul>
<h4><a href="#Grid_Literals">Grid Literals</a></h4><ul>
</ul>
<h4><a href="#Grid_Protocol">Grid Protocol</a></h4><ul>
</ul>
<h4><a href="#Picture_Protocol">Picture Protocol</a></h4><ul>
</ul>
<h4><a href="#Numeric_Operators">Numeric Operators</a></h4><ul>
</ul>
<h4><a href="#Synchronisation">Synchronisation</a></h4><ul>
</ul>
<h4><a href="#Bridges">Bridges</a></h4><ul>
</ul>
<br><br>
</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="4" bgcolor="black">
<img src="images/black.png" width="1" height="2"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"><a name="Numbers"></a><h4>Numbers</h4></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td> </td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td></td><td><p>High-performance computation requires precise and quite peculiar
definitions of numbers and their representation.</p></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td></td><td> </td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td></td><td><p>Inside most programs, numbers are written down as strings of
bits. A bit is either zero or one. Just like the decimal system
uses units, tens, hundreds, the binary system uses units, twos,
fours, eights, sixteens, and so on, doubling every time.</p></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td></td><td> </td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td></td><td><p>One notation, called integer allows for only integer values to be
written (no fractions). when it is unsigned, no negative values may
be written. when it is signed, one bit indicates whether the number
is positive or negative. Integer storage is usually fixed-size, so you have
bounds on the size of numbers, and if a result is too big it "wraps around", truncating the biggest
bits.</p></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td></td><td> </td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td></td><td><p>Another notation, called floating point (or float) stores numbers using
a fixed number of significant digits, and a scale factor that allows for huge numbers
and tiny fractions at once. Note that 1/3 has periodic digits, but even 0.1 has periodic digits,
in binary coding; so expect some slight roundings; the precision offered should be
sufficient for most purposes. Make sure the errors of rounding don't accumulate, though.</p></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td></td><td> </td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td></td><td><p>This little program of mine prints 1/3 in base 2 (only digits after the period): <kbd><font color="#007777">ruby -e 'x=1/3.0;for i in 0..52 do x*=2;y=x.floor;print y;x-=y end;puts'</font></kbd></p></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td></td><td> </td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td></td><td><p>In GridFlow, there are six kinds of numbers:</p></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td></td><td> </td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td></td><td><tr><td></td><td></td><td><table border="0" bgcolor="black" cellspacing="1"><tr><td valign="top" align="left"><table bgcolor="white" border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="1"><tr><td bgcolor="#808080"><font color="#ffffff"><b>name</b></font></td><td bgcolor="#808080"><font color="#ffffff"><b>aliases</b></font></td><td bgcolor="#808080"><font color="#ffffff"><b>range</b></font></td><td bgcolor="#808080"><font color="#ffffff"><b>size (bytes)</b></font></td><td bgcolor="#808080"><font color="#ffffff"><b>precision</b></font></td><td bgcolor="#808080"><font color="#ffffff"><b>description</b></font></td></tr> <tr><td bgcolor="#ffffff">uint8</td><td bgcolor="#ffffff">u8 b</td><td bgcolor="#ffffff">0..255</td><td bgcolor="#ffffff">1</td><td bgcolor="#ffffff">1</td><td bgcolor="#ffffff">
unsigned 8-bit integer.
this is the usual size of numbers taken from files and cameras, and
written to files and to windows. (however this gets converted to <kbd><font color="#007777">int32</font></kbd>
unless otherwise specified.) </td></tr> <tr><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff">int16</td><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff">i16 s</td><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff">±2<sup>15</sup> = -32768..32767</td><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff">2</td><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff">1</td><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff">...</td></tr> <tr><td bgcolor="#ffffff">int32</td><td bgcolor="#ffffff">i32 i</td><td bgcolor="#ffffff">±2<sup>31</sup> = -2147483648..2147483647</td><td bgcolor="#ffffff">4</td><td bgcolor="#ffffff">1</td><td bgcolor="#ffffff">
signed 32-bit integer.
this is used for most computations. </td></tr> <tr><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff">int64</td><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff">i64 l</td><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff">±2<sup>63</sup></td><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff">8</td><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff">1</td><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff">...</td></tr> <tr><td bgcolor="#ffffff">float32</td><td bgcolor="#ffffff">f32 f</td><td bgcolor="#ffffff">±10<sup>±38</sup></td><td bgcolor="#ffffff">4</td><td bgcolor="#ffffff">23 bits = 0.000012% (about 7 digits)</td><td bgcolor="#ffffff">...</td></tr> <tr><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff">float64</td><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff">f64 d</td><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff">±10<sup>±308</sup></td><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff">8</td><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff">52 bits (about 15 digits)</td><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff">...</td></tr> </table></td></tr></table></td></tr></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td></td><td> </td></tr>
<tr><td> </td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4" bgcolor="black">
<img src="images/black.png" width="1" height="2"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"><a name="Grid_Literals"></a><h4>Grid Literals</h4></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td> </td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td></td><td><p>
In every grid-accepting inlet, a list may be sent instead; if
it consists only of integers, it will be converted to a
one-dimensional grid. Else it may contain a single "#" sign and
integers on both sides of it, where the ones to the left of it are
fed as arguments to an imaginary <kbd><font color="#007777">[#redim]</font></kbd> object and the one to the
right of it are fed through that <kbd><font color="#007777">[#redim]</font></kbd>. </p></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td></td><td> </td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td></td><td><p>
In every grid-accepting inlet, an integer or float may also be sent;
it will be converted to a zero-dimensional grid (a <b>scalar</b>). </p></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td></td><td> </td></tr>
<tr><td> </td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4" bgcolor="black">
<img src="images/black.png" width="1" height="2"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"><a name="Grid_Protocol"></a><h4>Grid Protocol</h4></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td> </td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td></td><td><p>
a grid has an associated number type that defines what are the possible values for its elements
(and how much space it takes). the default is <b>int32</b>. </p></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td></td><td> </td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td></td><td><p>
a single-dimensional grid of 3 elements (a triplet) is called dim(3). a
three-dimensional grid of 240 rows of 320 columns of triplets is called
dim(240,320,3). </p></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td></td><td> </td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td></td><td><p>
There is a sequence in which elements of a Grid are stored and
transmitted. Dimension 0 is called "first" and dimension N-1 is
called "last". They are called so because if you select a
position in the first dimension of a grid, the selected part is of the same
shape minus the first dimension; so in dim(240,320,3) if you select
row 51 (or whichever valid row number), you get a dim(320,3). if you select
a subpart two more times you get to a single number. </p></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td></td><td> </td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td></td><td><p>
At each such level, elements are sent/stored in their numeric order,
and are numbered using natural numbers starting at 0. This ordering usually
does not matter, but sometimes it does. Most notably, <kbd><font color="#007777">[#import]</font></kbd>, <kbd><font color="#007777">[#export]</font></kbd> and <kbd><font color="#007777">[#redim]</font></kbd> care about it. </p></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td></td><td> </td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td></td><td><p>
On the other hand, order of dimensions usually does matter; this is
what distinguishes rows from columns and channels, for example.
Most objects care about the distinction. </p></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td></td><td> </td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td></td><td><p>
A grid with only 1 element in a given dimension is different from one
lacking that dimension; it won't have the same meaning. You can use this
property to your advantage sometimes. </p></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td></td><td> </td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td></td><td><p>
Zero-dimensional grids exist. They are called dim(). They can only contain
a single number. </p></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td></td><td> </td></tr>
<tr><td> </td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4" bgcolor="black">
<img src="images/black.png" width="1" height="2"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"><a name="Picture_Protocol"></a><h4>Picture Protocol</h4></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td> </td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td></td><td><p><i>This section is useful if you want to know what a picture is
in terms of a grid. </i></p></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td></td><td> </td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td></td><td><p>A picture is a three-dimensional Grid: <ul> <li><b>0</b> : rows</li> <li><b>1</b> : columns</li> <li><b>2</b> : channels</li> </ul> </p></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td></td><td> </td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td></td><td><p>Channels for the RGB color model are: <ul> <li><b>0</b> : red</li> <li><b>1</b> : green</li> <li><b>2</b> : blue</li> </ul> </p></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td></td><td> </td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td></td><td><p>
Because Grids are made of 32-bit integers, a three-channel picture uses
96 bpp (bits per pixel), and have to be downscaled to 24 bpp (or 16 bpp)
for display. That huge amount of slack is there because when you create
your own effects you often have intermediate results that need to be of
higher precision than a normal picture. Especially, results of multiplications
are big and should not overflow before you divide them back to normal;
and similarly, you can have negative values all over, as long as you take
care of them before they get to the display. </p></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td></td><td> </td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td></td><td><p>
In the final conversion, high bits are just ignored. This means: black is
0, maximum is 255, and values wrap like with <kbd><font color="#007777">% 256</font></kbd>. If you want to
clip them, you may use <kbd><font color="#007777">[# max 0]</font></kbd> and <kbd><font color="#007777">[# min 255]</font></kbd> objects. </p></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td></td><td> </td></tr>
<tr><td> </td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4" bgcolor="black">
<img src="images/black.png" width="1" height="2"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"><a name="Numeric_Operators"></a><h4>Numeric Operators</h4></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td> </td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td></td><td><p>In the following table, A is the value entered to the
left, and B is the value entered to the right.</p></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td></td><td> </td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td></td><td><p>Angles are in hundredths of degrees. This means a full circle
(two pi radians) is 36000. You convert from degrees to our angles
by multiplying by 100. You convert from radians to our angles by
multiplying by 18000/pi.</p></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td></td><td> </td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td></td><td><p>Hyperbolic functions (tanh) work with our angles too, so the
same conversions apply.</p></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td></td><td> </td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td></td><td><tr><td></td><td></td><td><table border="0" bgcolor="black" cellspacing="1"><tr><td valign="top" align="left"><table bgcolor="white" border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="1"><tr><td bgcolor="#808080"><font color="#ffffff"><b>name</b></font></td><td bgcolor="#808080"><font color="#ffffff"><b>description</b></font></td><td bgcolor="#808080"><font color="#ffffff"><b>meaning in pixel context (pictures, palettes)</b></font></td><td bgcolor="#808080"><font color="#ffffff"><b>meaning in spatial context (indexmaps, polygons)</b></font></td></tr> <tr><td bgcolor="#ffffff"><img src="op/ignore-icon.png" border="0" alt="ignore"></td><td bgcolor="#ffffff"> A </td><td bgcolor="#ffffff">no effect</td><td bgcolor="#ffffff">no effect</td></tr> <tr><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff"><img src="op/put-icon.png" border="0" alt="put"></td><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff"> B </td><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff">replace by</td><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff">replace by</td></tr> <tr><td bgcolor="#ffffff"><img src="op/add-icon.png" border="0" alt="+"></td><td bgcolor="#ffffff"> A + B </td><td bgcolor="#ffffff">brightness, crossfade</td><td bgcolor="#ffffff">move, morph</td></tr> <tr><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff"><img src="op/sub-icon.png" border="0" alt="-"></td><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff"> A - B </td><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff">brightness, motion detection</td><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff">move, motion detection</td></tr> <tr><td bgcolor="#ffffff"><img src="op/bus-icon.png" border="0" alt="inv+"></td><td bgcolor="#ffffff"> B - A </td><td bgcolor="#ffffff">negate then contrast</td><td bgcolor="#ffffff">180 degree rotate then move</td></tr> <tr><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff"><img src="op/mul-icon.png" border="0" alt="*"></td><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff"> A * B </td><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff">contrast</td><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff">zoom out</td></tr> <tr><td bgcolor="#ffffff"><img src="op/div-icon.png" border="0" alt="/"></td><td bgcolor="#ffffff"> A / B, rounded towards zero </td><td bgcolor="#ffffff">contrast</td><td bgcolor="#ffffff">zoom in</td></tr> <tr><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff"><img src="op/div2-icon.png" border="0" alt="div"></td><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff"> A / B, rounded downwards </td><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff">contrast</td><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff">zoom in</td></tr> <tr><td bgcolor="#ffffff"><img src="op/vid-icon.png" border="0" alt="inv*"></td><td bgcolor="#ffffff"> B / A, rounded towards zero </td><td bgcolor="#ffffff">--</td><td bgcolor="#ffffff">--</td></tr> <tr><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff"><img src="op/vid2-icon.png" border="0" alt="swapdiv"></td><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff"> B / A, rounded downwards </td><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff">--</td><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff">--</td></tr> <tr><td bgcolor="#ffffff"><img src="op/mod-icon.png" border="0" alt="%"></td><td bgcolor="#ffffff"> A % B, modulo (goes with div) </td><td bgcolor="#ffffff">--</td><td bgcolor="#ffffff">tile</td></tr> <tr><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff"><img src="op/dom-icon.png" border="0" alt="swap%"></td><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff"> B % A, modulo (goes with div) </td><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff">--</td><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff">--</td></tr> <tr><td bgcolor="#ffffff"><img src="op/rem-icon.png" border="0" alt="rem"></td><td bgcolor="#ffffff"> A % B, remainder (goes with /) </td><td bgcolor="#ffffff">--</td><td bgcolor="#ffffff">--</td></tr> <tr><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff"><img src="op/mer-icon.png" border="0" alt="swaprem"></td><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff"> B % A, remainder (goes with /) </td><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff">--</td><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff">--</td></tr> <tr><td bgcolor="#ffffff"><img src="op/gcd-icon.png" border="0" alt="gcd"></td><td bgcolor="#ffffff">
greatest common divisor</td><td bgcolor="#ffffff">--</td><td bgcolor="#ffffff">--</td></tr> <tr><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff"><img src="op/lcm-icon.png" border="0" alt="lcm"></td><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff">
least common multiple</td><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff">--</td><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff">--</td></tr> <tr><td bgcolor="#ffffff"><img src="op/or-icon.png" border="0" alt="|"></td><td bgcolor="#ffffff"> A or B, bitwise </td><td bgcolor="#ffffff">bright munchies</td><td bgcolor="#ffffff">bottomright munchies</td></tr> <tr><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff"><img src="op/xor-icon.png" border="0" alt="^"></td><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff"> A xor B, bitwise </td><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff">symmetric munchies (fractal checkers)</td><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff">symmetric munchies (fractal checkers)</td></tr> <tr><td bgcolor="#ffffff"><img src="op/and-icon.png" border="0" alt="&"></td><td bgcolor="#ffffff"> A and B, bitwise </td><td bgcolor="#ffffff">dark munchies</td><td bgcolor="#ffffff">topleft munchies</td></tr> <tr><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff"><img src="op/shl-icon.png" border="0" alt="<<"></td><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff"> A * (2**(B % 32)), which is left-shifting </td><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff">like *</td><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff">like *</td></tr> <tr><td bgcolor="#ffffff"><img src="op/shr-icon.png" border="0" alt=">>"></td><td bgcolor="#ffffff"> A / (2**(B % 32)), which is right-shifting </td><td bgcolor="#ffffff">like /,div</td><td bgcolor="#ffffff">like /,div</td></tr> <tr><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff"><img src="op/sc_or-icon.png" border="0" alt="||"></td><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff"> if A is zero then B else A </td><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff">--</td><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff">--</td></tr> <tr><td bgcolor="#ffffff"><img src="op/sc_and-icon.png" border="0" alt="&&"></td><td bgcolor="#ffffff"> if A is zero then zero else B</td><td bgcolor="#ffffff">--</td><td bgcolor="#ffffff">--</td></tr> <tr><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff"><img src="op/min-icon.png" border="0" alt="min"></td><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff"> the lowest value in A,B </td><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff">clipping</td><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff">clipping (of individual points)</td></tr> <tr><td bgcolor="#ffffff"><img src="op/max-icon.png" border="0" alt="max"></td><td bgcolor="#ffffff"> the highest value in A,B </td><td bgcolor="#ffffff">clipping</td><td bgcolor="#ffffff">clipping (of individual points)</td></tr> <tr><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff"><img src="op/cmp-icon.png" border="0" alt="cmp"></td><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff"> -1 when A<B; 0 when A=B; 1 when A>B. </td><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff">--</td><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff">--</td></tr> <tr><td bgcolor="#ffffff"><img src="op/eq-icon.png" border="0" alt="=="></td><td bgcolor="#ffffff"> is A equal to B ? 1=true, 0=false </td><td bgcolor="#ffffff">--</td><td bgcolor="#ffffff">--</td></tr> <tr><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff"><img src="op/ne-icon.png" border="0" alt="!="></td><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff"> is A not equal to B ? </td><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff">--</td><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff">--</td></tr> <tr><td bgcolor="#ffffff"><img src="op/gt-icon.png" border="0" alt=">"></td><td bgcolor="#ffffff"> is A greater than B ? </td><td bgcolor="#ffffff">--</td><td bgcolor="#ffffff">--</td></tr> <tr><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff"><img src="op/le-icon.png" border="0" alt="<="></td><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff"> is A not greater than B ? </td><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff">--</td><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff">--</td></tr> <tr><td bgcolor="#ffffff"><img src="op/lt-icon.png" border="0" alt="<"></td><td bgcolor="#ffffff"> is A less than B ? </td><td bgcolor="#ffffff">--</td><td bgcolor="#ffffff">--</td></tr> <tr><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff"><img src="op/ge-icon.png" border="0" alt=">="></td><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff">is A not less than B ? </td><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff">--</td><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff">--</td></tr> <tr><td bgcolor="#ffffff"><img src="op/sin-icon.png" border="0" alt="sin*"></td><td bgcolor="#ffffff"> B * sin(A) </td><td bgcolor="#ffffff">--</td><td bgcolor="#ffffff">waves, rotations</td></tr> <tr><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff"><img src="op/cos-icon.png" border="0" alt="cos*"></td><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff"> B * cos(A) </td><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff">--</td><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff">waves, rotations</td></tr> <tr><td bgcolor="#ffffff"><img src="op/atan-icon.png" border="0" alt="atan"></td><td bgcolor="#ffffff"> arctan(A/B) </td><td bgcolor="#ffffff">--</td><td bgcolor="#ffffff">find angle to origin (part of polar transform)</td></tr> <tr><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff"><img src="op/tanh-icon.png" border="0" alt="tanh*"></td><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff"> B * tanh(A) </td><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff">smooth clipping</td><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff">smooth clipping (of individual points), neural sigmoid, fuzzy logic</td></tr> <tr><td bgcolor="#ffffff"><img src="op/log-icon.png" border="0" alt="log*"></td><td bgcolor="#ffffff"> B * log(A) (in base e) </td><td bgcolor="#ffffff">--</td><td bgcolor="#ffffff">--</td></tr> <tr><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff"><img src="op/gamma-icon.png" border="0" alt="gamma"></td><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff"> floor(pow(a/256.0,256.0/b)*256.0) </td><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff">gamma correction</td><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff">--</td></tr> <tr><td bgcolor="#ffffff"><img src="op/pow-icon.png" border="0" alt="**"></td><td bgcolor="#ffffff"> A**B, that is, A raised to power B </td><td bgcolor="#ffffff">gamma correction</td><td bgcolor="#ffffff">--</td></tr> <tr><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff"><img src="op/abs-icon.png" border="0" alt="abs-"></td><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff"> absolute value of (A-B) </td><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff">--</td><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff">--</td></tr> <tr><td bgcolor="#ffffff"><img src="op/rand-icon.png" border="0" alt="rand"></td><td bgcolor="#ffffff"> randomly produces a non-negative number below A </td><td bgcolor="#ffffff">--</td><td bgcolor="#ffffff">--</td></tr> <tr><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff"><img src="op/sqrt-icon.png" border="0" alt="sqrt"></td><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff"> square root of A, rounded downwards </td><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff">--</td><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff">--</td></tr> <tr><td bgcolor="#ffffff"><img src="op/sq-icon.png" border="0" alt="sq-"></td><td bgcolor="#ffffff"> (A-B) times (A-B) </td><td bgcolor="#ffffff">--</td><td bgcolor="#ffffff">--</td></tr> <tr><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff"><img src="op/clip+-icon.png" border="0" alt="clip+"></td><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff"> like A+B but overflow causes clipping instead of wrapping around (coming soon) </td><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff">--</td><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff">--</td></tr> <tr><td bgcolor="#ffffff"><img src="op/clip--icon.png" border="0" alt="clip-"></td><td bgcolor="#ffffff"> like A-B but overflow causes clipping instead of wrapping around (coming soon) </td><td bgcolor="#ffffff">--</td><td bgcolor="#ffffff">--</td></tr> <tr><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff"><img src="op/avg-icon.png" border="0" alt="avg"></td><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff"> (A+B)/2 </td><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff">--</td><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff">--</td></tr> <tr><td bgcolor="#ffffff"><img src="op/hypot-icon.png" border="0" alt="hypot"></td><td bgcolor="#ffffff"> square root of (A*A+B*B) </td><td bgcolor="#ffffff">--</td><td bgcolor="#ffffff">--</td></tr> <tr><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff"><img src="op/erf-icon.png" border="0" alt="erf*"></td><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff"> integral of e^(-x*x) dx ... (coming soon; what ought to be the scaling factor?) </td><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff">--</td><td bgcolor="#f0f8ff">--</td></tr> </table></td></tr></table></td></tr></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td></td><td> </td></tr>
<tr><td> </td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4" bgcolor="black">
<img src="images/black.png" width="1" height="2"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"><a name="Synchronisation"></a><h4>Synchronisation</h4></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td> </td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td></td><td><p>In GridFlow you cannot send two grids in different inlets at the
same time. You have to use <kbd><font color="#007777">[#finished]</font></kbd> together with (possibly) <kbd><font color="#007777">[fork]</font></kbd> and <kbd><font color="#007777">[#store]</font></kbd>,
which can be cumbersome. If you don't do this, the result is undefined
behaviour (or crash!).</p></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td></td><td> </td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td></td><td><p>In GridFlow 0.7.1 this is beginning to change. <kbd><font color="#007777">[#store]</font></kbd> and # now allow
right-inlet grids to be buffered if an operation is occuring on left inlet. This
should make many circuits simpler. </p></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td></td><td> </td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td></td><td><p>(more to come)</p></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td></td><td> </td></tr>
<tr><td> </td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4" bgcolor="black">
<img src="images/black.png" width="1" height="2"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"><a name="Bridges"></a><h4>Bridges</h4></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td> </td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td></td><td><p>Starting with version 0.6, GridFlow is Ruby-centric instead of jMax-centric.
jMax support has been added back as a <b>Bridge</b>.</p></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td></td><td> </td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td></td><td><p>Bridges, for the most part, plug into the FObject class, which is the common
root of most of GridFlow's classes. Under the current design, the bridge is
compiled separately, and is directly loaded by the host software; then the
bridge starts Ruby and makes it load the main GridFlow; then the bridge hooks
with the main part. </p></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td></td><td> </td></tr>
<tr><td> </td></tr>
<td colspan="4" bgcolor="black">
<img src="images/black.png" width="1" height="2"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4">
<p><font size="-1">
GridFlow 0.8.1 Documentation<br>
Copyright © 2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006 by Mathieu Bouchard
<a href="mailto:matju@artengine.ca">matju@artengine.ca</a>
</font></p>
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