aboutsummaryrefslogtreecommitdiff
path: root/hidio_darwin.c
blob: ed157cf2d789036d226ccf8dc84c21c4f27691b6 (plain)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077
1078
1079
1080
1081
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1087
1088
1089
1090
1091
1092
1093
1094
1095
1096
1097
1098
1099
1100
1101
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
1117
1118
1119
1120
1121
1122
1123
1124
1125
1126
1127
1128
1129
1130
1131
1132
1133
1134
1135
1136
1137
1138
1139
1140
1141
1142
1143
1144
1145
1146
1147
1148
1149
1150
1151
1152
1153
1154
1155
1156
1157
1158
1159
1160
1161
1162
1163
1164
1165
1166
1167
1168
1169
1170
1171
1172
1173
1174
1175
1176
1177
1178
1179
1180
1181
1182
1183
1184
1185
1186
1187
1188
1189
1190
1191
1192
1193
1194
1195
1196
1197
1198
1199
1200
1201
1202
1203
1204
1205
1206
1207
1208
1209
1210
1211
1212
1213
1214
1215
1216
1217
1218
1219
1220
1221
1222
1223
1224
1225
1226
1227
1228
1229
1230
1231
1232
1233
1234
1235
1236
1237
1238
1239
1240
1241
1242
1243
1244
1245
1246
1247
1248
1249
1250
1251
1252
1253
1254
1255
1256
1257
1258
1259
1260
1261
1262
1263
1264
1265
1266
1267
1268
1269
1270
1271
1272
1273
1274
1275
1276
1277
1278
1279
1280
1281
1282
1283
1284
1285
1286
1287
1288
1289
1290
1291
1292
1293
1294
1295
1296
1297
1298
1299
1300
1301
1302
1303
1304
1305
1306
1307
1308
1309
1310
1311
1312
1313
1314
1315
1316
1317
1318
1319
1320
1321
1322
1323
1324
1325
1326
1327
1328
1329
1330
1331
1332
1333
1334
1335
1336
1337
1338
1339
1340
1341
1342
1343
1344
1345
1346
1347
1348
1349
1350
1351
1352
1353
1354
1355
1356
1357
1358
1359
1360
1361
1362
1363
1364
1365
1366
1367
1368
1369
1370
1371
1372
1373
1374
1375
1376
1377
1378
1379
1380
1381
1382
1383
1384
1385
1386
1387
1388
1389
1390
1391
1392
1393
1394
1395
1396
1397
1398
1399
1400
1401
1402
1403
1404
1405
1406
1407
1408
1409
1410
1411
1412
1413
1414
1415
1416
1417
1418
1419
1420
1421
1422
1423
1424
1425
1426
1427
1428
1429
1430
1431
1432
1433
1434
1435
1436
1437
1438
1439
1440
1441
1442
1443
1444
1445
1446
1447
1448
1449
1450
1451
1452
1453
1454
1455
1456
1457
1458
1459
1460
1461
1462
1463
1464
1465
1466
1467
1468
1469
1470
1471
1472
1473
1474
1475
1476
1477
1478
1479
1480
1481
1482
1483
1484
1485
1486
1487
1488
1489
1490
1491
1492
1493
1494
1495
1496
1497
1498
1499
1500
1501
1502
1503
1504
1505
1506
1507
1508
1509
1510
1511
1512
1513
1514
1515
1516
1517
1518
1519
1520
1521
1522
1523
1524
1525
1526
1527
1528
1529
1530
1531
1532
1533
1534
1535
1536
1537
1538
1539
1540
1541
1542
1543
1544
1545
1546
1547
1548
1549
1550
1551
1552
1553
1554
1555
1556
1557
1558
1559
1560
1561
1562
1563
1564
1565
1566
1567
1568
1569
1570
1571
1572
1573
1574
1575
1576
1577
1578
#ifdef __APPLE__
/*
 *  Apple Darwin HID Manager support for Pd [hidio] object
 *
 *  Copyright (c) 2004 Hans-Christoph All rights reserved.
 *
 *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
 *   (at your option) any later version.
 *
 *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 *   GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
 *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
 *
 *
 */

/* struct IOHIDEventStruct */
/* { */
/*     IOHIDElementType	type; */
/*     IOHIDElementCookie	elementCookie; */
/*     SInt32		value; */
/*     AbsoluteTime	timestamp; */
/*     UInt32		longValueSize; */
/*     void *		longValue; */
/* }; */

/* typedef struct { */
/*         natural_t hi; */
/*         natural_t lo; */
/* } AbsoluteTime; */



#include <Carbon/Carbon.h>

#include "HID_Utilities_External.h"
#include "ImmrHIDUtilAddOn.h"

#include <IOKit/hid/IOHIDUsageTables.h>
#include <ForceFeedback/ForceFeedback.h>
#include <CoreServices/CoreServices.h>

#include <mach/mach.h>
#include <mach/mach_time.h>
#include <mach/mach_error.h>

#include "hidio.h"

//#define DEBUG(x)
#define DEBUG(x) x 

/*==============================================================================
 *  GLOBAL VARS
 *======================================================================== */

/* store device pointers so I don't have to query them all the time */
pRecDevice device_pointer[MAX_DEVICES];

// temp hack for measuring latency
/*#define LATENCY_MAX 8192
int latency[LATENCY_MAX];
int latency_i;
int latency_average;
//end latency hack
*/

// this stuff is moving to the t_hid_element struct

/* store element pointers for elements that are not queued (absolute axes) */
//pRecElement element[MAX_DEVICES][MAX_ELEMENTS];
/* number of active elements per device */
//unsigned short element_count[MAX_DEVICES]; 

/*==============================================================================
 * FUNCTION PROTOTYPES
 *==============================================================================
 */

/* conversion functions */
static char *convertEventsFromDarwinToLinux(pRecElement element);

/*==============================================================================
 * EVENT TYPE/CODE CONVERSION FUNCTIONS
 *==============================================================================
 */

/*
 * This function is needed to translate the USB HID relative flag into the
 * [hidio]/linux style events
 */
static void convert_axis_to_symbols(pRecElement pCurrentHIDElement, 
									t_hid_element *new_element, int array_index)
{
	if (pCurrentHIDElement->relative)
	{ 
		new_element->type = ps_relative; 
		new_element->name = relative_symbols[array_index];
	}
	else 
	{ 
		new_element->type = ps_absolute; 
		new_element->name = absolute_symbols[array_index];
	}
}

static void get_usage_symbols(pRecElement pCurrentHIDElement, t_hid_element *new_element) 
{
//	debug_post(LOG_DEBUG,"get_usage_symbols");
	char buffer[MAXPDSTRING];

	if(new_element == NULL)
	{
		debug_post(LOG_EMERG,"[hidio] new_element == NULL!!  This is a bug, please report it.");
		return;
	}
	if(pCurrentHIDElement == NULL)
	{
		debug_post(LOG_EMERG,"[hidio] pCurrentHIDElement == NULL!!  This is a bug, please report it.");
		return;
	}

	switch (pCurrentHIDElement->usagePage)
	{
	case kHIDPage_GenericDesktop:
		switch (pCurrentHIDElement->usage)
		{
		case kHIDUsage_GD_X: convert_axis_to_symbols(pCurrentHIDElement, new_element, 0); break;
		case kHIDUsage_GD_Y: convert_axis_to_symbols(pCurrentHIDElement, new_element, 1); break;
		case kHIDUsage_GD_Z: convert_axis_to_symbols(pCurrentHIDElement, new_element, 2); break;
		case kHIDUsage_GD_Rx: convert_axis_to_symbols(pCurrentHIDElement, new_element, 3); break;
		case kHIDUsage_GD_Ry: convert_axis_to_symbols(pCurrentHIDElement, new_element, 4); break;
		case kHIDUsage_GD_Rz: convert_axis_to_symbols(pCurrentHIDElement, new_element, 5); break;
		case kHIDUsage_GD_Slider: convert_axis_to_symbols(pCurrentHIDElement, new_element, 6); break;
		case kHIDUsage_GD_Dial: convert_axis_to_symbols(pCurrentHIDElement, new_element, 7); break;
		case kHIDUsage_GD_Wheel: convert_axis_to_symbols(pCurrentHIDElement, new_element, 8); break; 
		case kHIDUsage_GD_Hatswitch: 
			// TODO: this is still a mystery how to handle, due to USB HID vs. Linux input.h
			new_element->type = ps_absolute; 
			new_element->name = absolute_symbols[9]; /* hatswitch */
			break;
		default:
			new_element->type = gensym("DESKTOP");
			snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "DESKTOP%ld", pCurrentHIDElement->usage); 
			new_element->name = gensym(buffer);
		}
		break;
	case kHIDPage_Simulation:
		switch (pCurrentHIDElement->usage)
		{
		case kHIDUsage_Sim_Rudder: 
			new_element->type = ps_absolute;
			new_element->name = absolute_symbols[5]; /* rz */
			break;
		case kHIDUsage_Sim_Throttle:
			new_element->type = ps_absolute;
			new_element->name = absolute_symbols[6]; /* slider */
			break;
		default:
			new_element->type = gensym("SIMULATION");
			snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "SIMULATION%ld", pCurrentHIDElement->usage); 
			new_element->name = gensym(buffer);
		}
		break;
	case kHIDPage_KeyboardOrKeypad:
		new_element->type = ps_key;
		if( (pCurrentHIDElement->usage > -1) && 
			(pCurrentHIDElement->usage < KEY_ARRAY_MAX) )
			new_element->name = key_symbols[pCurrentHIDElement->usage];
		else /* PowerBook ADB keyboard reports 0xffffffff */
			new_element->name = key_symbols[0];
		break;
	case kHIDPage_Button:
		new_element->type = ps_button;
		new_element->name = button_symbols[pCurrentHIDElement->usage];
		break;
	case kHIDPage_LEDs:
		new_element->type = ps_led; 
		new_element->name = led_symbols[pCurrentHIDElement->usage];
		break;
	case kHIDPage_PID:
		new_element->type = ps_pid; 
		new_element->name = pid_symbols[pCurrentHIDElement->usage];
		break;
	default:
		/* the rest are "vendor defined" so no translation table is possible */
		snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "0x%04x", (unsigned int) pCurrentHIDElement->usagePage); 
		new_element->type = gensym(buffer); 
		snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "0x%04x", (unsigned int) pCurrentHIDElement->usage); 
		new_element->name = gensym(buffer);
	}
}

/* this functions checks to see if there are any existing instances of a given
 * type/code and assigns an number to this instance */
static t_float get_type_name_instance(t_symbol *type, t_symbol *name, 
									   int argc, t_hid_element **argv) 
{
	int i;
	int instance_count = 0;
	for(i=0; i<argc; ++i)
	{
		if( (argv[i]->name == name) && (argv[i]->type == type) )
		{
			++instance_count;
//			post("found %d instances of %s %s", instance_count, type->s_name, name->s_name);
		}
	}
	return((t_float) instance_count);
}


/*
 * Linux input events report hatswitches as absolute axes with -1, 0, 1 as
 * possible values.  MacOS X HID Manager reports hatswitches as a specific
 * hatswitch type with each direction represented by a unique number.  This
 * function converts the unique number to the Linux style axes.
 */

/* 
 * hmm, not sure how to implement this cleanly yet, 
 * MacOS X represents this as one event, while [hidio] represents it as two
 * distinct axes.  So the conversion requires an added hidio_output_event().
 void hidio_convert_hatswitch_values(IOHIDEventStruct event, t_symbol *type, t_atom *usage)
 {
			case 0: 
				name = gensym("abs_hat0y");value = 1;
				hidio_output_event(x, type, name, value);
				name = gensym("abs_hat0x");value = 0;
				break;
			case 1: 
				name = gensym("abs_hat0y");value = 1;
				hidio_output_event(x, type, name, value);
				name = gensym("abs_hat0x");value = 1;
				break;
			case 2: 
				name = gensym("abs_hat0y");value = 0;
				hidio_output_event(x, type, name, value);
				name = gensym("abs_hat0x");value = 1;
				break;
			case 3: 
				name = gensym("abs_hat0y");value = -1;
				hidio_output_event(x, type, name, value);
				name = gensym("abs_hat0x");value = 1;
				break;
			case 4: 
				name = gensym("abs_hat0y");value = -1;
				hidio_output_event(x, type, name, value);
				name = gensym("abs_hat0x");value = 0;
				break;
			case 5: 
				name = gensym("abs_hat0y");value = -1;
				hidio_output_event(x, type, name, value);
				name = gensym("abs_hat0x");value = -1;
				break;
			case 6: 
				name = gensym("abs_hat0y");value = 0;
				hidio_output_event(x, type, name, value);
				name = gensym("abs_hat0x");value = -1;
				break;
			case 7: 
				name = gensym("abs_hat0y");value = 1;
				hidio_output_event(x, type, name, value);
				name = gensym("abs_hat0x");value = -1;
				break;
			case 8: 
				name = gensym("abs_hat0y");value = 0;
				hidio_output_event(x, type, name, value);
				name = gensym("abs_hat0x");value = 0;
				break;
			}

 }
*/

/* ============================================================================== */
/* DARWIN-SPECIFIC SUPPORT FUNCTIONS */
/* ============================================================================== */

// temp hack for measuring latency
double calculate_event_latency( uint64_t endTime, uint64_t startTime )
{
   uint64_t difference = endTime - startTime;
   static double conversion = 0.0;

   if( 0.0 == conversion )
   {
       mach_timebase_info_data_t info;
       kern_return_t err = mach_timebase_info( &info );
       if( 0 == err )
	   {
           //convert to seconds (multiply by 1e-6 to get miliseconds)
           conversion = 1e-3 * (double) info.numer / (double) info.denom;
       }
   }
   return conversion * (double) difference;
}
//end latency hack */

short get_device_number_by_id(unsigned short vendor_id, unsigned short product_id)
{
	debug_post(LOG_DEBUG,"get_device_number_from_usage");

	pRecDevice    pCurrentHIDDevice;
	t_int i;
	short return_device_number = -1;

	if( !HIDHaveDeviceList() ) hidio_build_device_list();

	pCurrentHIDDevice = HIDGetFirstDevice();
	i = HIDCountDevices();
	while(pCurrentHIDDevice != NULL)
	{
		--i;
		debug_post(LOG_INFO,"compare 0x%04x == 0x%04x  0x%04x == 0x%04x",
					pCurrentHIDDevice->vendorID,
					vendor_id,
					pCurrentHIDDevice->productID,
					product_id);
		if( (pCurrentHIDDevice->vendorID == vendor_id) && 
			(pCurrentHIDDevice->productID == product_id) )
		{
			return_device_number = i;
			pCurrentHIDDevice = NULL;
		}
		else
			pCurrentHIDDevice = HIDGetNextDevice(pCurrentHIDDevice);
	}
	return(return_device_number);
}

short get_device_number_from_usage(short device_number, 
										unsigned short usage_page, 
										unsigned short usage)
{
//	debug_post(LOG_DEBUG,"get_device_number_from_usage");

	pRecDevice    pCurrentHIDDevice;
	t_int i;
	short return_device_number = -1;
	t_int total_devices = 0;
	char cstrDeviceName[MAXPDSTRING];

	if( !HIDHaveDeviceList() ) hidio_build_device_list();

	pCurrentHIDDevice = HIDGetFirstDevice();
	while(pCurrentHIDDevice != NULL)
	{
		if( (pCurrentHIDDevice->usagePage == usage_page) && 
			(pCurrentHIDDevice->usage == usage) )
		{
			++total_devices;
		}
		pCurrentHIDDevice = HIDGetNextDevice(pCurrentHIDDevice);
	}
	i = total_devices;
	return_device_number = HIDCountDevices();
	pCurrentHIDDevice = HIDGetFirstDevice();
	while( (pCurrentHIDDevice != NULL) && (i > device_number) ) 
	{
		return_device_number--;
		if( (pCurrentHIDDevice->usagePage == usage_page) && 
			(pCurrentHIDDevice->usage == usage) )
		{
			i--;
			HIDGetUsageName(pCurrentHIDDevice->usagePage, 
							pCurrentHIDDevice->usage, 
							cstrDeviceName);
			debug_post(LOG_DEBUG,"[hidio]: found a %s at %d/%d: %s %s"
						,cstrDeviceName,
						i,
						total_devices,
						pCurrentHIDDevice->manufacturer,
						pCurrentHIDDevice->product);
		}
		pCurrentHIDDevice = HIDGetNextDevice(pCurrentHIDDevice);
	}
	if(i < total_devices)
		return return_device_number;
	else
		return -1;
}


static void hidio_build_element_list(t_hidio *x) 
{
	char type_name[256];
	char usage_name[256];
	pRecElement pCurrentHIDElement;
	pRecDevice pCurrentHIDDevice = device_pointer[x->x_device_number];
	t_hid_element *new_element;

	element_count[x->x_device_number] = 0;
	if( HIDIsValidDevice(pCurrentHIDDevice) ) 
	{
		/* queuing one element at a time only works for the first element, so
		 * try queuing the whole device, then removing specific elements from
		 * the queue */
		HIDQueueDevice(pCurrentHIDDevice);
		pCurrentHIDElement = HIDGetFirstDeviceElement( pCurrentHIDDevice, kHIDElementTypeIO );

		/* TODO: axes should be the first elements in the array since they
		 * produce many more events than buttons.  This will save loop cycles
		 * in the read statement, since it had to cycle thru the elements to
		 * find a match. */
		while( pCurrentHIDElement != NULL) 
		{
			/* these two functions just get the pretty names for display */
			HIDGetTypeName((IOHIDElementType) pCurrentHIDElement->type, type_name);
			HIDGetUsageName(pCurrentHIDElement->usagePage, 
							pCurrentHIDElement->usage, usage_name);

			new_element = (t_hid_element *)getbytes(sizeof(t_hid_element));
			new_element->pHIDElement = (void *) pCurrentHIDElement;
			get_usage_symbols(pCurrentHIDElement, new_element);
#ifdef PD
			SETSYMBOL(new_element->output_message, new_element->name); 
			SETFLOAT(new_element->output_message + 1, new_element->instance);
#else /* Max */
			atom_setsym(new_element->output_message, new_element->name);
			atom_setlong(new_element->output_message + 1, (long)new_element->instance);
#endif /* PD */
			new_element->relative = pCurrentHIDElement->relative;
			new_element->instance = get_type_name_instance(new_element->type, 
														   new_element->name,
														   element_count[x->x_device_number],
														   element[x->x_device_number]);
			
			if(!pCurrentHIDElement->relative) /* relative elements should remain queued */
			{
				switch( pCurrentHIDElement->usagePage)
				{
				case kHIDPage_GenericDesktop:
					switch(pCurrentHIDElement->usage)
					{
					case kHIDUsage_GD_X:
					case kHIDUsage_GD_Y:
					case kHIDUsage_GD_Z:
					case kHIDUsage_GD_Rx:
					case kHIDUsage_GD_Ry:
					case kHIDUsage_GD_Rz:
					case kHIDUsage_GD_Slider:
					case kHIDUsage_GD_Dial:
					case kHIDUsage_GD_Wheel:
						//case kHIDUsage_GD_Hatswitch: // hatswitches are more like buttons, so queue them
						debug_post(LOG_INFO,"[hidio] storing absolute axis to poll %s, %s (0x%04x 0x%04x)",
									type_name, usage_name, 
									pCurrentHIDElement->usagePage, pCurrentHIDElement->usage);
						if(HIDDequeueElement(pCurrentHIDDevice,pCurrentHIDElement) != kIOReturnSuccess)
							debug_post(LOG_ERR,"[hidio] could not dequeue element");
						new_element->polled = 1;
						break;
					}
				default:
					debug_post(LOG_INFO,"\tqueuing element %s, %s (0x%04x 0x%04x)",
								type_name, usage_name,
								pCurrentHIDElement->usagePage, pCurrentHIDElement->usage);
				}
			}
			else 
			{
				debug_post(LOG_INFO,"\tqueuing element %s, %s (0x%04x 0x%04x)",
							type_name, usage_name,
							pCurrentHIDElement->usagePage, pCurrentHIDElement->usage);
			}
			new_element->min = pCurrentHIDElement->min;
			new_element->max = pCurrentHIDElement->max;
			debug_post(LOG_DEBUG,"\tlogical min %d max %d",
						pCurrentHIDElement->min,pCurrentHIDElement->max);
			element[x->x_device_number][element_count[x->x_device_number]] = new_element;
			++element_count[x->x_device_number];
			pCurrentHIDElement = HIDGetNextDeviceElement(pCurrentHIDElement, kHIDElementTypeIO);
		}
	}
}

static void hidio_print_element_list(t_hidio *x)
{
//	debug_post(LOG_DEBUG,"hidio_print_element_list");
	int i;
	pRecElement	pCurrentHIDElement;
	pRecDevice pCurrentHIDDevice;
	t_hid_element *current_element;
	char type_name[256];
	char usage_name[256];

	pCurrentHIDDevice = device_pointer[x->x_device_number];
	if ( ! HIDIsValidDevice(pCurrentHIDDevice) )
	{
		error("[hidio]: device %d is not a valid device\n",x->x_device_number);
		return;
	}
	post("[hidio] found %d elements:",element_count[x->x_device_number]);
	post("\n TYPE\t\tCODE\t#\tcookie\tEVENT NAME");
	post("-----------------------------------------------------------");
	for(i=0; i<element_count[x->x_device_number]; i++)
	{
		current_element = element[x->x_device_number][i];
		pCurrentHIDElement = (pRecElement) current_element->pHIDElement;
		HIDGetTypeName((IOHIDElementType) pCurrentHIDElement->type, type_name);
		HIDGetUsageName(pCurrentHIDElement->usagePage, 
						pCurrentHIDElement->usage, usage_name);
		post("  %s\t%s\t%d\t%d\t%s, %s", current_element->type->s_name,
			 current_element->name->s_name,(int) current_element->instance,
             pCurrentHIDElement->cookie,
			 type_name, usage_name);
	}
	post("");
}


void hidio_ff_print( t_hidio *x )
{
	debug_post(LOG_DEBUG,"hidio_ff_print");
	HRESULT result;
	UInt32 value;

	if ( x->x_has_ff ) 
	{
		result = FFDeviceGetForceFeedbackProperty( (FFDeviceObjectReference) x->x_ff_device, 
												   FFPROP_AUTOCENTER, 
												   &value, 
												   (IOByteCount) sizeof( value ) );
		if ( result == FF_OK ) post( "autocenter: %d",value );

		result = FFDeviceGetForceFeedbackProperty( (FFDeviceObjectReference) x->x_ff_device, 
												   FFPROP_FFGAIN, 
												   &value, 
												   (IOByteCount) sizeof( value ) );
		if ( result == FF_OK ) post( "gain: %d", value );
	}

//	FFEffectGetParameters(  ); 
}


static void hidio_print_device_list(t_hidio *x) 
{
	char device_type_buffer[256];
	t_int i, numdevs;
	unsigned int j;
	pRecDevice pCurrentHIDDevice = NULL;

	if( HIDHaveDeviceList() )
	{
		numdevs = (t_int) HIDCountDevices();
		
		post("");
		/* display device list in console */
		for(i=0; i < numdevs; i++)
		{
			pCurrentHIDDevice = device_pointer[i];
			post("__________________________________________________");
			post("Device %d: '%s' '%s' version %d @ location 0x%08x", i, 
				 pCurrentHIDDevice->manufacturer, pCurrentHIDDevice->product, 
				 pCurrentHIDDevice->version,pCurrentHIDDevice->locID);
			HIDGetUsageName(pCurrentHIDDevice->usagePage, pCurrentHIDDevice->usage, 
							device_type_buffer);
			for(j=0; j< strlen(device_type_buffer); ++j)
				device_type_buffer[j] = tolower(device_type_buffer[j]);
			post("\tdevice type: %s\tusage page: 0x%04x\tusage: 0x%04x",
				 device_type_buffer, pCurrentHIDDevice->usagePage,
				 pCurrentHIDDevice->usage);
			post("\tvendorID: 0x%04x\tproductID: 0x%04x",
				 pCurrentHIDDevice->vendorID, pCurrentHIDDevice->productID);
		}
		post("");
	}
}
/* ============================================================================== 
 * STATUS/INFO OUTPUT
 * ============================================================================== */

void hidio_platform_specific_info(t_hidio *x)
{
	unsigned int i;
	pRecDevice  pCurrentHIDDevice = NULL;
	char vendor_id_string[7];
	char product_id_string[7];
	char device_type_buffer[256];
	t_symbol *output_symbol;
	t_atom *output_atom = (t_atom *)getbytes(sizeof(t_atom));

	if(x->x_device_number > -1)
	{
//		pCurrentHIDDevice = hidio_get_device_by_number(x->x_device_number);
		pCurrentHIDDevice = device_pointer[x->x_device_number];
		if(pCurrentHIDDevice != NULL)
		{
            /* product */
			SETSYMBOL(output_atom, gensym(pCurrentHIDDevice->product));
			outlet_anything( x->x_status_outlet, gensym("product"), 
							 1, output_atom);
			/* manufacturer */
			SETSYMBOL(output_atom, gensym(pCurrentHIDDevice->manufacturer));
			outlet_anything( x->x_status_outlet, gensym("manufacturer"), 
							 1, output_atom);
			/* serial number */
			if(pCurrentHIDDevice->serial != NULL)
			{
				output_symbol = gensym(pCurrentHIDDevice->serial);
#ifdef PD
				if( output_symbol != &s_ )
#else
				if( output_symbol != _sym_nothing )
#endif
				{ /* the serial is rarely used on USB devices, so test for it */
					SETSYMBOL(output_atom, output_symbol);
					outlet_anything( x->x_status_outlet, gensym("serial"), 
									 1, output_atom);
				}
			}
			/* transport */
			SETSYMBOL(output_atom, gensym(pCurrentHIDDevice->transport));
			outlet_anything( x->x_status_outlet, gensym("transport"), 
							 1, output_atom);
            /* vendor id */
			sprintf(vendor_id_string,"0x%04x",
					(unsigned int)pCurrentHIDDevice->vendorID);
			SETSYMBOL(output_atom, gensym(vendor_id_string));
			outlet_anything( x->x_status_outlet, gensym("vendorID"), 
							 1, output_atom);
            /* product id */
			sprintf(product_id_string,"0x%04x",
					(unsigned int)pCurrentHIDDevice->productID);
			SETSYMBOL(output_atom, gensym(product_id_string));
			outlet_anything( x->x_status_outlet, gensym("productID"), 
							 1, output_atom);
            /* type */
			HIDGetUsageName(pCurrentHIDDevice->usagePage, 
							pCurrentHIDDevice->usage, 
							device_type_buffer);
			for(i=0; i< strlen(device_type_buffer); ++i)
				device_type_buffer[i] = tolower(device_type_buffer[i]);
			SETSYMBOL(output_atom, gensym(device_type_buffer));
			outlet_anything( x->x_status_outlet, gensym("type"), 
							 1, output_atom);
		}
	}
	freebytes(output_atom,sizeof(t_atom));
}

/* ============================================================================== */
/* Pd [hidio] FUNCTIONS */
/* ============================================================================== */

void hidio_get_events(t_hidio *x)
{
	unsigned int       i;
	pRecDevice         pCurrentHIDDevice;
	t_hid_element      *current_element;
	IOHIDEventStruct   event;
    uint64_t           timestamp, now, difference;

	pCurrentHIDDevice = device_pointer[x->x_device_number];

	/* get the queued events first and store them */
// TODO: while( (HIDGetEvent(pCurrentHIDDevice, (void*) &event)) && (event_counter < MAX_EVENTS_PER_POLL) ) 
	while(HIDGetEvent(pCurrentHIDDevice, (void*) &event))
	{
		i=0;
		do {
			current_element = element[x->x_device_number][i];
			++i;
		} while( (i < element_count[x->x_device_number]) && 
				 (((pRecElement)current_element->pHIDElement)->cookie != 
				  (IOHIDElementCookie) event.elementCookie) );
		
		current_element->value = event.value;
//		debug_post(LOG_DEBUG,"output this: %s %s %d prev %d",current_element->type->s_name,
//			 current_element->name->s_name, current_element->value, 
//			 current_element->previous_value);
		timestamp =  * (uint64_t *) &(event.timestamp);	
/*
// temp hack for measuring latency
        difference = calculate_event_latency(timestamp,0);
		debug_post(LOG_DEBUG,"timestamp: %llu %llu", timestamp, difference);
		now =  mach_absolute_time();

		difference = calculate_event_latency(now, timestamp);
		if( latency_i < LATENCY_MAX)
		{
			latency[latency_i] = (int) difference;
			if( latency[latency_i] < 100 )
				latency_average += latency[latency_i];
			++latency_i;
		}
		else
		{
			latency_average = latency_average / LATENCY_MAX;
			fprintf(stderr,"average: %d\n",latency_average);
			latency_i = 0;
			latency_average = 0;
		}
// end latency hack
*/
	}
	/* absolute axes don't need to be queued, they can just be polled */
	for(i=0; i< element_count[x->x_device_number]; ++i)
	{
		current_element = element[x->x_device_number][i];
		if(current_element->polled) 
		{
			current_element->value = 
				HIDGetElementValue(pCurrentHIDDevice, 
								   (pRecElement)current_element->pHIDElement);
		}
	}
}


/* switch to transactions */

void hidio_write_packet(void)
{
}


void hidio_write_event_symbol_int(t_hidio *x, t_symbol *type, t_int code, 
                                    t_int instance, t_int value)
{
	debug_post(LOG_DEBUG,"hidio_write_event_symbol_float");
}

void hidio_write_event_symbols(t_hidio *x, t_symbol *type, t_symbol *name, 
                              t_int instance, t_int value)
{
    /* TODO handle multiple instances of the same usage, i.e. arrays */
	debug_post(LOG_DEBUG,"hidio_write_event_symbols");
    int i;
    t_hid_element *current_element;
	IOHIDEventStruct event;
    pRecDevice  pCurrentHIDDevice = device_pointer[x->x_device_number];
    pRecElement pCurrentHIDElement;
    for(i=0; i<element_count[x->x_device_number]; i++)
    {
        current_element = element[x->x_device_number][i];
        if((current_element->type == type) 
           && (current_element->name == name)
           && (current_element->instance == instance))
        {
            pCurrentHIDElement = current_element->pHIDElement;
            break;
        }
    }
    post("element usage page and usage: 0x%04x 0x%04x", pCurrentHIDElement->usagePage, pCurrentHIDElement->usage);
	event.elementCookie = (IOHIDElementCookie)pCurrentHIDElement->cookie;
	event.value = (SInt32)value;
    post("pCurrentHIDElement->cookie %d, event.elementCookie %d, event.value %d, value %d",
         pCurrentHIDElement->cookie, event.elementCookie, event.value, value);
	HIDSetElementValue(pCurrentHIDDevice, pCurrentHIDElement, &event);	
}

void hidio_write_event_ints(t_hidio *x, t_int type, t_int name, 
                              t_int instance, t_int value)
{
	debug_post(LOG_DEBUG,"hidio_write_event_floats");
	IOHIDEventStruct event;
    pRecDevice  pCurrentHIDDevice = device_pointer[x->x_device_number];
	pRecElement elem = HIDGetFirstDeviceElement(pCurrentHIDDevice, kHIDElementTypeOutput);
    int cookie = (int) instance;
    while(elem && ((int)elem->cookie != cookie))
		elem = HIDGetNextDeviceElement(elem, kHIDElementTypeOutput);	
    
    post("element usage page and usage: 0x%04x 0x%04x", elem->usagePage, elem->usage);
	event.elementCookie = (IOHIDElementCookie)cookie;
	event.value = (SInt32)value;
    post("elem->cookie, cookie, event.value, value: %d %d %d %f",
         elem->cookie, cookie, event.value, value);
	HIDSetElementValue(pCurrentHIDDevice, elem, &event);	
}


t_int hidio_open_device(t_hidio *x, short device_number)
{
	debug_post(LOG_DEBUG,"hidio_open_device");

	pRecDevice pCurrentHIDDevice = NULL;
	io_service_t hidDevice = 0;
	FFDeviceObjectReference ffDeviceReference = NULL;

//	latency_i = 0;latency_average = 0; // temp hack for measuring latency

/* rebuild device list to make sure the list is current */
	if( !HIDHaveDeviceList() ) hidio_build_device_list();
	
//	pCurrentHIDDevice = hidio_get_device_by_number(device_number);
	pCurrentHIDDevice = device_pointer[device_number];
	if( HIDIsValidDevice(pCurrentHIDDevice) )
	{
		x->x_device_number = device_number;
	}
	else
	{
		debug_error(x,LOG_ERR,"[hidio]: device %d is not a valid device\n",device_number);
		return EXIT_FAILURE;
	}
	debug_post(LOG_WARNING,"[hidio] opened device %d: %s %s",
				device_number, pCurrentHIDDevice->manufacturer, pCurrentHIDDevice->product);

	hidio_build_element_list(x);

	hidDevice = AllocateHIDObjectFromRecDevice( pCurrentHIDDevice );
	if( FFIsForceFeedback(hidDevice) == FF_OK ) 
	{
		debug_post(LOG_WARNING,"\tdevice has Force Feedback support");
		if( FFCreateDevice(hidDevice,&ffDeviceReference) == FF_OK ) 
		{
			x->x_has_ff = 1;
			x->x_ff_device = ffDeviceReference;
		}
		else
		{
			x->x_has_ff = 0;
			post("[hidio]: FF device creation failed!");
			return EXIT_FAILURE;
		}
	}
	return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}


t_int hidio_close_device(t_hidio *x)
{
	debug_post(LOG_DEBUG,"hidio_close_device");

	pRecDevice pCurrentHIDDevice = device_pointer[x->x_device_number];
	return HIDDequeueDevice(pCurrentHIDDevice);
}


void hidio_build_device_list(void)
{
	int device_number = 0;
	pRecDevice pCurrentHIDDevice;
	
	debug_post(LOG_DEBUG,"hidio_build_device_list");

	debug_post(LOG_WARNING,"[hidio] Building device list...");
	if(HIDBuildDeviceList (0, 0)) 
		post("[hidio]: no HID devices found\n");

/*	The most recently discovered HID is the first element of the list here.  I
 *	want the oldest to be number 0 rather than the newest. */
	device_number = (int) HIDCountDevices();
	pCurrentHIDDevice = HIDGetFirstDevice();
	while(pCurrentHIDDevice != NULL)
	{
		--device_number;
		if(device_number < MAX_DEVICES)
			device_pointer[device_number] = pCurrentHIDDevice;
		pCurrentHIDDevice = HIDGetNextDevice(pCurrentHIDDevice);
	}
	device_count = (unsigned int) HIDCountDevices(); // set the global variable
	debug_post(LOG_WARNING,"[hidio] completed device list.");
}

/* TODO: this should be dumped for [devices( and [elements( messages */
void hidio_print(t_hidio *x)
{
	if( !HIDHaveDeviceList() ) hidio_build_device_list();
	hidio_print_device_list(x);
	if(x->x_device_open) 
	{
		hidio_print_element_list(x);
		hidio_ff_print(x);
	}
}


void hidio_platform_specific_free(t_hidio *x)
{
	int j;
	debug_post(LOG_DEBUG,"hidio_platform_specific_free");
/* only call this if the last instance is being freed */
	if (hidio_instance_count < 1) 
	{
		DEBUG(post("RELEASE ALL hidio_instance_count: %d", hidio_instance_count););
		HIDReleaseAllDeviceQueues();
		HIDReleaseDeviceList();
	}
/* dump latency test array */
/*	for(j=0;j<LATENCY_MAX;++j)
	{
		fprintf(stderr,"%d ",latency[j]);
x	}
*/
}


/* ============================================================================== 
 * FORCE FEEDBACK
 * ============================================================================== */

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
 * FF "Properties"
 * autocenter ( 0/1 ), ffgain (overall feedback gain 0-10000)
 */

void hidio_ff_autocenter(t_hidio *x, t_float value)
{
	debug_post(LOG_DEBUG,"hidio_ff_autocenter");
	HRESULT result;
	UInt32 autocenter_value;

	if( x->x_has_ff ) 
	{
		if ( value > 0 ) autocenter_value = 1;
		else if ( value <= 0 ) autocenter_value = 0;
		/* FFPROP_AUTOCENTER is either 0 or 1 */
		result = FFDeviceSetForceFeedbackProperty( 
			(FFDeviceObjectReference) x->x_ff_device, 
			FFPROP_AUTOCENTER, 
			&autocenter_value );
		if ( result != FF_OK )
		{
			post("[hidio]: ff_autocenter failed!");
		}
	}
}

void hidio_ff_gain(t_hidio *x, t_float value)
{
	debug_post(LOG_DEBUG,"hidio_ff_gain");
	HRESULT result;
	UInt32 ffgain_value;
	
	if( x->x_has_ff ) 
	{
		if ( value > 1 ) value = 1;
		else if ( value < 0 ) value = 0;
		ffgain_value = value * 10000;
		/* FFPROP_FFGAIN has a integer range of 0-10000 */
		result = FFDeviceSetForceFeedbackProperty( 
			(FFDeviceObjectReference)x->x_ff_device, FFPROP_FFGAIN, 
			&ffgain_value );
		if ( result != FF_OK )
		{
			post("[hidio]: ff_gain failed!");
		}
	}
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
 * FF "Commands"
 * continue, pause, reset, setactuatorsoff, setactuatorson, stopall
 */

void hidio_ff_send_ff_command (t_hidio *x, UInt32 ff_command)
{
	HRESULT result = 0;

	if( x->x_has_ff ) 
	{
		result = FFDeviceSendForceFeedbackCommand( x->x_ff_device, ff_command );
	}

	return ( (t_int) result );
}

void hidio_ff_continue( t_hidio *x )
{
	debug_post(LOG_DEBUG,"hidio_ff_continue");
	hidio_ff_send_ff_command( x, FFSFFC_CONTINUE );
}

void hidio_ff_pause( t_hidio *x )
{
	debug_post(LOG_DEBUG,"hidio_ff_pause");
	hidio_ff_send_ff_command( x, FFSFFC_PAUSE );
}

void hidio_ff_reset( t_hidio *x )
{
	debug_post(LOG_DEBUG,"hidio_ff_reset");
	hidio_ff_send_ff_command( x, FFSFFC_RESET );
}

void hidio_ff_setactuatorsoff( t_hidio *x )
{
	debug_post(LOG_DEBUG,"hidio_ff_setactuatorsoff");
	hidio_ff_send_ff_command( x, FFSFFC_SETACTUATORSOFF );
}

void hidio_ff_setactuatorson( t_hidio *x )
{
	debug_post(LOG_DEBUG,"hidio_ff_setactuatorson");
	hidio_ff_send_ff_command( x, FFSFFC_SETACTUATORSON );
}

void hidio_ff_stopall( t_hidio *x )
{
	debug_post(LOG_DEBUG,"hidio_ff_stopall");
	hidio_ff_send_ff_command( x, FFSFFC_STOPALL );
}

void hidio_ff_motors( t_hidio *x, t_float value )
{
	if ( value > 0 ) 
	{
		hidio_ff_setactuatorson( x );
	}
	else
	{
		hidio_ff_setactuatorsoff( x );
	}
}


/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
 * FF test functions
 */

void hidio_ff_fftest ( t_hidio *x, t_float value)
{
	debug_post(LOG_DEBUG,"hidio_ff_fftest");
	
}

/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
 * the big monster look up table (not used yet)
 */

//void HIDGetUsageName (const long valueUsagePage, const long valueUsage, char * cstrName)
char *convertEventsFromDarwinToLinux(pRecElement element)
{
	char *cstrName = "";
// this allows these definitions to exist in an XML .plist file
/* 	if (xml_GetUsageName(valueUsagePage, valueUsage, cstrName)) */
/* 		return; */

    switch (element->usagePage)
    {
	case kHIDPage_Undefined:
		switch (element->usage)
		{
		default: sprintf (cstrName, "Undefined Page, Usage 0x%lx", element->usage); break;
		}
		break;
	case kHIDPage_GenericDesktop:
		switch (element->usage)
		{
		case kHIDUsage_GD_Pointer: sprintf (cstrName, "Pointer"); break;
		case kHIDUsage_GD_Mouse: sprintf (cstrName, "Mouse"); break;
		case kHIDUsage_GD_Joystick: sprintf (cstrName, "Joystick"); break;
		case kHIDUsage_GD_GamePad: sprintf (cstrName, "GamePad"); break;
		case kHIDUsage_GD_Keyboard: sprintf (cstrName, "Keyboard"); break;
		case kHIDUsage_GD_Keypad: sprintf (cstrName, "Keypad"); break;
		case kHIDUsage_GD_MultiAxisController: sprintf (cstrName, "Multi-Axis Controller"); break;

		case kHIDUsage_GD_X: sprintf (cstrName, "X-Axis"); break;
		case kHIDUsage_GD_Y: sprintf (cstrName, "Y-Axis"); break;
		case kHIDUsage_GD_Z: sprintf (cstrName, "Z-Axis"); break;
		case kHIDUsage_GD_Rx: sprintf (cstrName, "X-Rotation"); break;
		case kHIDUsage_GD_Ry: sprintf (cstrName, "Y-Rotation"); break;
		case kHIDUsage_GD_Rz: sprintf (cstrName, "Z-Rotation"); break;
		case kHIDUsage_GD_Slider: sprintf (cstrName, "Slider"); break;
		case kHIDUsage_GD_Dial: sprintf (cstrName, "Dial"); break;
		case kHIDUsage_GD_Wheel: sprintf (cstrName, "Wheel"); break;
		case kHIDUsage_GD_Hatswitch: sprintf (cstrName, "Hatswitch"); break;
		case kHIDUsage_GD_CountedBuffer: sprintf (cstrName, "Counted Buffer"); break;
		case kHIDUsage_GD_ByteCount: sprintf (cstrName, "Byte Count"); break;
		case kHIDUsage_GD_MotionWakeup: sprintf (cstrName, "Motion Wakeup"); break;
		case kHIDUsage_GD_Start: sprintf (cstrName, "Start"); break;
		case kHIDUsage_GD_Select: sprintf (cstrName, "Select"); break;

		case kHIDUsage_GD_Vx: sprintf (cstrName, "X-Velocity"); break;
		case kHIDUsage_GD_Vy: sprintf (cstrName, "Y-Velocity"); break;
		case kHIDUsage_GD_Vz: sprintf (cstrName, "Z-Velocity"); break;
		case kHIDUsage_GD_Vbrx: sprintf (cstrName, "X-Rotation Velocity"); break;
		case kHIDUsage_GD_Vbry: sprintf (cstrName, "Y-Rotation Velocity"); break;
		case kHIDUsage_GD_Vbrz: sprintf (cstrName, "Z-Rotation Velocity"); break;
		case kHIDUsage_GD_Vno: sprintf (cstrName, "Vno"); break;

		case kHIDUsage_GD_SystemControl: sprintf (cstrName, "System Control"); break;
		case kHIDUsage_GD_SystemPowerDown: sprintf (cstrName, "System Power Down"); break;
		case kHIDUsage_GD_SystemSleep: sprintf (cstrName, "System Sleep"); break;
		case kHIDUsage_GD_SystemWakeUp: sprintf (cstrName, "System Wake Up"); break;
		case kHIDUsage_GD_SystemContextMenu: sprintf (cstrName, "System Context Menu"); break;
		case kHIDUsage_GD_SystemMainMenu: sprintf (cstrName, "System Main Menu"); break;
		case kHIDUsage_GD_SystemAppMenu: sprintf (cstrName, "System App Menu"); break;
		case kHIDUsage_GD_SystemMenuHelp: sprintf (cstrName, "System Menu Help"); break;
		case kHIDUsage_GD_SystemMenuExit: sprintf (cstrName, "System Menu Exit"); break;
		case kHIDUsage_GD_SystemMenu: sprintf (cstrName, "System Menu"); break;
		case kHIDUsage_GD_SystemMenuRight: sprintf (cstrName, "System Menu Right"); break;
		case kHIDUsage_GD_SystemMenuLeft: sprintf (cstrName, "System Menu Left"); break;
		case kHIDUsage_GD_SystemMenuUp: sprintf (cstrName, "System Menu Up"); break;
		case kHIDUsage_GD_SystemMenuDown: sprintf (cstrName, "System Menu Down"); break;

		case kHIDUsage_GD_DPadUp: sprintf (cstrName, "DPad Up"); break;
		case kHIDUsage_GD_DPadDown: sprintf (cstrName, "DPad Down"); break;
		case kHIDUsage_GD_DPadRight: sprintf (cstrName, "DPad Right"); break;
		case kHIDUsage_GD_DPadLeft: sprintf (cstrName, "DPad Left"); break;

		case kHIDUsage_GD_Reserved: sprintf (cstrName, "Reserved"); break;

		default: sprintf (cstrName, "Generic Desktop Usage 0x%lx", element->usage); break;
		}
		break;
	case kHIDPage_Simulation:
		switch (element->usage)
		{
		default: sprintf (cstrName, "Simulation Usage 0x%lx", element->usage); break;
		}
		break;
	case kHIDPage_VR:
		switch (element->usage)
		{
		default: sprintf (cstrName, "VR Usage 0x%lx", element->usage); break;
		}
		break;
	case kHIDPage_Sport:
		switch (element->usage)
		{
		default: sprintf (cstrName, "Sport Usage 0x%lx", element->usage); break;
		}
		break;
	case kHIDPage_Game:
		switch (element->usage)
		{
		default: sprintf (cstrName, "Game Usage 0x%lx", element->usage); break;
		}
		break;
	case kHIDPage_KeyboardOrKeypad:
		switch (element->usage)
		{
		default: sprintf (cstrName, "Keyboard Usage 0x%lx", element->usage); break;
		}
		break;
	case kHIDPage_LEDs:
		switch (element->usage)
		{
			// some LED usages
		case kHIDUsage_LED_IndicatorRed: sprintf (cstrName, "Red LED"); break;
		case kHIDUsage_LED_IndicatorGreen: sprintf (cstrName, "Green LED"); break;
		case kHIDUsage_LED_IndicatorAmber: sprintf (cstrName, "Amber LED"); break;
		case kHIDUsage_LED_GenericIndicator: sprintf (cstrName, "Generic LED"); break;
		case kHIDUsage_LED_SystemSuspend: sprintf (cstrName, "System Suspend LED"); break;
		case kHIDUsage_LED_ExternalPowerConnected: sprintf (cstrName, "External Power LED"); break;
		default: sprintf (cstrName, "LED Usage 0x%lx", element->usage); break;
		}
		break;
	case kHIDPage_Button:
		switch (element->usage)
		{
		default: sprintf (cstrName, "Button #%ld", element->usage); break;
		}
		break;
	case kHIDPage_Ordinal:
		switch (element->usage)
		{
		default: sprintf (cstrName, "Ordinal Instance %lx", element->usage); break;
		}
		break;
	case kHIDPage_Telephony:
		switch (element->usage)
		{
		default: sprintf (cstrName, "Telephony Usage 0x%lx", element->usage); break;
		}
		break;
	case kHIDPage_Consumer:
		switch (element->usage)
		{
		default: sprintf (cstrName, "Consumer Usage 0x%lx", element->usage); break;
		}
		break;
	case kHIDPage_Digitizer:
		switch (element->usage)
		{
		default: sprintf (cstrName, "Digitizer Usage 0x%lx", element->usage); break;
		}
		break;
	case kHIDPage_PID:
		if (((element->usage >= 0x02) && (element->usage <= 0x1F)) || ((element->usage >= 0x29) && (element->usage <= 0x2F)) ||
			((element->usage >= 0x35) && (element->usage <= 0x3F)) || ((element->usage >= 0x44) && (element->usage <= 0x4F)) ||
			(element->usage == 0x8A) || (element->usage == 0x93)  || ((element->usage >= 0x9D) && (element->usage <= 0x9E)) ||
			((element->usage >= 0xA1) && (element->usage <= 0xA3)) || ((element->usage >= 0xAD) && (element->usage <= 0xFFFF)))
			sprintf (cstrName, "PID Reserved");
		else
			switch (element->usage)
			{
			case 0x00: sprintf (cstrName, "PID Undefined Usage"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PID_PhysicalInterfaceDevice: sprintf (cstrName, "Physical Interface Device"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PID_Normal: sprintf (cstrName, "Normal Force"); break;

			case kHIDUsage_PID_SetEffectReport: sprintf (cstrName, "Set Effect Report"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PID_EffectBlockIndex: sprintf (cstrName, "Effect Block Index"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PID_ParamBlockOffset: sprintf (cstrName, "Parameter Block Offset"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PID_ROM_Flag: sprintf (cstrName, "ROM Flag"); break;

			case kHIDUsage_PID_EffectType: sprintf (cstrName, "Effect Type"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PID_ET_ConstantForce: sprintf (cstrName, "Effect Type Constant Force"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PID_ET_Ramp: sprintf (cstrName, "Effect Type Ramp"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PID_ET_CustomForceData: sprintf (cstrName, "Effect Type Custom Force Data"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PID_ET_Square: sprintf (cstrName, "Effect Type Square"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PID_ET_Sine: sprintf (cstrName, "Effect Type Sine"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PID_ET_Triangle: sprintf (cstrName, "Effect Type Triangle"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PID_ET_SawtoothUp: sprintf (cstrName, "Effect Type Sawtooth Up"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PID_ET_SawtoothDown: sprintf (cstrName, "Effect Type Sawtooth Down"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PID_ET_Spring: sprintf (cstrName, "Effect Type Spring"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PID_ET_Damper: sprintf (cstrName, "Effect Type Damper"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PID_ET_Inertia: sprintf (cstrName, "Effect Type Inertia"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PID_ET_Friction: sprintf (cstrName, "Effect Type Friction"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PID_Duration: sprintf (cstrName, "Effect Duration"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PID_SamplePeriod: sprintf (cstrName, "Effect Sample Period"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PID_Gain: sprintf (cstrName, "Effect Gain"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PID_TriggerButton: sprintf (cstrName, "Effect Trigger Button"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PID_TriggerRepeatInterval: sprintf (cstrName, "Effect Trigger Repeat Interval"); break;

			case kHIDUsage_PID_AxesEnable: sprintf (cstrName, "Axis Enable"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PID_DirectionEnable: sprintf (cstrName, "Direction Enable"); break;

			case kHIDUsage_PID_Direction: sprintf (cstrName, "Direction"); break;

			case kHIDUsage_PID_TypeSpecificBlockOffset: sprintf (cstrName, "Type Specific Block Offset"); break;

			case kHIDUsage_PID_BlockType: sprintf (cstrName, "Block Type"); break;

			case kHIDUsage_PID_SetEnvelopeReport: sprintf (cstrName, "Set Envelope Report"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PID_AttackLevel: sprintf (cstrName, "Envelope Attack Level"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PID_AttackTime: sprintf (cstrName, "Envelope Attack Time"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PID_FadeLevel: sprintf (cstrName, "Envelope Fade Level"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PID_FadeTime: sprintf (cstrName, "Envelope Fade Time"); break;

			case kHIDUsage_PID_SetConditionReport: sprintf (cstrName, "Set Condition Report"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PID_CP_Offset: sprintf (cstrName, "Condition CP Offset"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PID_PositiveCoefficient: sprintf (cstrName, "Condition Positive Coefficient"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PID_NegativeCoefficient: sprintf (cstrName, "Condition Negative Coefficient"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PID_PositiveSaturation: sprintf (cstrName, "Condition Positive Saturation"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PID_NegativeSaturation: sprintf (cstrName, "Condition Negative Saturation"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PID_DeadBand: sprintf (cstrName, "Condition Dead Band"); break;

			case kHIDUsage_PID_DownloadForceSample: sprintf (cstrName, "Download Force Sample"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PID_IsochCustomForceEnable: sprintf (cstrName, "Isoch Custom Force Enable"); break;

			case kHIDUsage_PID_CustomForceDataReport: sprintf (cstrName, "Custom Force Data Report"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PID_CustomForceData: sprintf (cstrName, "Custom Force Data"); break;

			case kHIDUsage_PID_CustomForceVendorDefinedData: sprintf (cstrName, "Custom Force Vendor Defined Data"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PID_SetCustomForceReport: sprintf (cstrName, "Set Custom Force Report"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PID_CustomForceDataOffset: sprintf (cstrName, "Custom Force Data Offset"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PID_SampleCount: sprintf (cstrName, "Custom Force Sample Count"); break;

			case kHIDUsage_PID_SetPeriodicReport: sprintf (cstrName, "Set Periodic Report"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PID_Offset: sprintf (cstrName, "Periodic Offset"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PID_Magnitude: sprintf (cstrName, "Periodic Magnitude"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PID_Phase: sprintf (cstrName, "Periodic Phase"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PID_Period: sprintf (cstrName, "Periodic Period"); break;

			case kHIDUsage_PID_SetConstantForceReport: sprintf (cstrName, "Set Constant Force Report"); break;

			case kHIDUsage_PID_SetRampForceReport: sprintf (cstrName, "Set Ramp Force Report"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PID_RampStart: sprintf (cstrName, "Ramp Start"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PID_RampEnd: sprintf (cstrName, "Ramp End"); break;

			case kHIDUsage_PID_EffectOperationReport: sprintf (cstrName, "Effect Operation Report"); break;

			case kHIDUsage_PID_EffectOperation: sprintf (cstrName, "Effect Operation"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PID_OpEffectStart: sprintf (cstrName, "Op Effect Start"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PID_OpEffectStartSolo: sprintf (cstrName, "Op Effect Start Solo"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PID_OpEffectStop: sprintf (cstrName, "Op Effect Stop"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PID_LoopCount: sprintf (cstrName, "Op Effect Loop Count"); break;

			case kHIDUsage_PID_DeviceGainReport: sprintf (cstrName, "Device Gain Report"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PID_DeviceGain: sprintf (cstrName, "Device Gain"); break;

			case kHIDUsage_PID_PoolReport: sprintf (cstrName, "PID Pool Report"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PID_RAM_PoolSize: sprintf (cstrName, "RAM Pool Size"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PID_ROM_PoolSize: sprintf (cstrName, "ROM Pool Size"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PID_ROM_EffectBlockCount: sprintf (cstrName, "ROM Effect Block Count"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PID_SimultaneousEffectsMax: sprintf (cstrName, "Simultaneous Effects Max"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PID_PoolAlignment: sprintf (cstrName, "Pool Alignment"); break;

			case kHIDUsage_PID_PoolMoveReport: sprintf (cstrName, "PID Pool Move Report"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PID_MoveSource: sprintf (cstrName, "Move Source"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PID_MoveDestination: sprintf (cstrName, "Move Destination"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PID_MoveLength: sprintf (cstrName, "Move Length"); break;

			case kHIDUsage_PID_BlockLoadReport: sprintf (cstrName, "PID Block Load Report"); break;

			case kHIDUsage_PID_BlockLoadStatus: sprintf (cstrName, "Block Load Status"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PID_BlockLoadSuccess: sprintf (cstrName, "Block Load Success"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PID_BlockLoadFull: sprintf (cstrName, "Block Load Full"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PID_BlockLoadError: sprintf (cstrName, "Block Load Error"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PID_BlockHandle: sprintf (cstrName, "Block Handle"); break;

			case kHIDUsage_PID_BlockFreeReport: sprintf (cstrName, "PID Block Free Report"); break;

			case kHIDUsage_PID_TypeSpecificBlockHandle: sprintf (cstrName, "Type Specific Block Handle"); break;

			case kHIDUsage_PID_StateReport: sprintf (cstrName, "PID State Report"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PID_EffectPlaying: sprintf (cstrName, "Effect Playing"); break;

			case kHIDUsage_PID_DeviceControlReport: sprintf (cstrName, "PID Device Control Report"); break;

			case kHIDUsage_PID_DeviceControl: sprintf (cstrName, "PID Device Control"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PID_DC_EnableActuators: sprintf (cstrName, "Device Control Enable Actuators"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PID_DC_DisableActuators: sprintf (cstrName, "Device Control Disable Actuators"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PID_DC_StopAllEffects: sprintf (cstrName, "Device Control Stop All Effects"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PID_DC_DeviceReset: sprintf (cstrName, "Device Control Reset"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PID_DC_DevicePause: sprintf (cstrName, "Device Control Pause"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PID_DC_DeviceContinue: sprintf (cstrName, "Device Control Continue"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PID_DevicePaused: sprintf (cstrName, "Device Paused"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PID_ActuatorsEnabled: sprintf (cstrName, "Actuators Enabled"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PID_SafetySwitch: sprintf (cstrName, "Safety Switch"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PID_ActuatorOverrideSwitch: sprintf (cstrName, "Actuator Override Switch"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PID_ActuatorPower: sprintf (cstrName, "Actuator Power"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PID_StartDelay: sprintf (cstrName, "Start Delay"); break;

			case kHIDUsage_PID_ParameterBlockSize: sprintf (cstrName, "Parameter Block Size"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PID_DeviceManagedPool: sprintf (cstrName, "Device Managed Pool"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PID_SharedParameterBlocks: sprintf (cstrName, "Shared Parameter Blocks"); break;

			case kHIDUsage_PID_CreateNewEffectReport: sprintf (cstrName, "Create New Effect Report"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PID_RAM_PoolAvailable: sprintf (cstrName, "RAM Pool Available"); break;
			default: sprintf (cstrName, "PID Usage 0x%lx", element->usage); break;
			}
		break;
	case kHIDPage_Unicode:
		switch (element->usage)
		{
		default: sprintf (cstrName, "Unicode Usage 0x%lx", element->usage); break;
		}
		break;
	case kHIDPage_PowerDevice:
		if (((element->usage >= 0x06) && (element->usage <= 0x0F)) || ((element->usage >= 0x26) && (element->usage <= 0x2F)) ||
			((element->usage >= 0x39) && (element->usage <= 0x3F)) || ((element->usage >= 0x48) && (element->usage <= 0x4F)) ||
			((element->usage >= 0x58) && (element->usage <= 0x5F)) || (element->usage == 0x6A) ||
			((element->usage >= 0x74) && (element->usage <= 0xFC)))
			sprintf (cstrName, "Power Device Reserved");
		else
			switch (element->usage)
			{
			case kHIDUsage_PD_Undefined: sprintf (cstrName, "Power Device Undefined Usage"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PD_iName: sprintf (cstrName, "Power Device Name Index"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PD_PresentStatus: sprintf (cstrName, "Power Device Present Status"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PD_ChangedStatus: sprintf (cstrName, "Power Device Changed Status"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PD_UPS: sprintf (cstrName, "Uninterruptible Power Supply"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PD_PowerSupply: sprintf (cstrName, "Power Supply"); break;

			case kHIDUsage_PD_BatterySystem: sprintf (cstrName, "Battery System Power Module"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PD_BatterySystemID: sprintf (cstrName, "Battery System ID"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PD_Battery: sprintf (cstrName, "Battery"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PD_BatteryID: sprintf (cstrName, "Battery ID"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PD_Charger: sprintf (cstrName, "Charger"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PD_ChargerID: sprintf (cstrName, "Charger ID"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PD_PowerConverter: sprintf (cstrName, "Power Converter Power Module"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PD_PowerConverterID: sprintf (cstrName, "Power Converter ID"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PD_OutletSystem: sprintf (cstrName, "Outlet System power module"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PD_OutletSystemID: sprintf (cstrName, "Outlet System ID"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PD_Input: sprintf (cstrName, "Power Device Input"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PD_InputID: sprintf (cstrName, "Power Device Input ID"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PD_Output: sprintf (cstrName, "Power Device Output"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PD_OutputID: sprintf (cstrName, "Power Device Output ID"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PD_Flow: sprintf (cstrName, "Power Device Flow"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PD_FlowID: sprintf (cstrName, "Power Device Flow ID"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PD_Outlet: sprintf (cstrName, "Power Device Outlet"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PD_OutletID: sprintf (cstrName, "Power Device Outlet ID"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PD_Gang: sprintf (cstrName, "Power Device Gang"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PD_GangID: sprintf (cstrName, "Power Device Gang ID"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PD_PowerSummary: sprintf (cstrName, "Power Device Power Summary"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PD_PowerSummaryID: sprintf (cstrName, "Power Device Power Summary ID"); break;

			case kHIDUsage_PD_Voltage: sprintf (cstrName, "Power Device Voltage"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PD_Current: sprintf (cstrName, "Power Device Current"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PD_Frequency: sprintf (cstrName, "Power Device Frequency"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PD_ApparentPower: sprintf (cstrName, "Power Device Apparent Power"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PD_ActivePower: sprintf (cstrName, "Power Device RMS Power"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PD_PercentLoad: sprintf (cstrName, "Power Device Percent Load"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PD_Temperature: sprintf (cstrName, "Power Device Temperature"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PD_Humidity: sprintf (cstrName, "Power Device Humidity"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PD_BadCount: sprintf (cstrName, "Power Device Bad Condition Count"); break;

			case kHIDUsage_PD_ConfigVoltage: sprintf (cstrName, "Power Device Nominal Voltage"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PD_ConfigCurrent: sprintf (cstrName, "Power Device Nominal Current"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PD_ConfigFrequency: sprintf (cstrName, "Power Device Nominal Frequency"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PD_ConfigApparentPower: sprintf (cstrName, "Power Device Nominal Apparent Power"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PD_ConfigActivePower: sprintf (cstrName, "Power Device Nominal RMS Power"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PD_ConfigPercentLoad: sprintf (cstrName, "Power Device Nominal Percent Load"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PD_ConfigTemperature: sprintf (cstrName, "Power Device Nominal Temperature"); break;

			case kHIDUsage_PD_ConfigHumidity: sprintf (cstrName, "Power Device Nominal Humidity"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PD_SwitchOnControl: sprintf (cstrName, "Power Device Switch On Control"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PD_SwitchOffControl: sprintf (cstrName, "Power Device Switch Off Control"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PD_ToggleControl: sprintf (cstrName, "Power Device Toogle Sequence Control"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PD_LowVoltageTransfer: sprintf (cstrName, "Power Device Min Transfer Voltage"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PD_HighVoltageTransfer: sprintf (cstrName, "Power Device Max Transfer Voltage"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PD_DelayBeforeReboot: sprintf (cstrName, "Power Device Delay Before Reboot"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PD_DelayBeforeStartup: sprintf (cstrName, "Power Device Delay Before Startup"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PD_DelayBeforeShutdown: sprintf (cstrName, "Power Device Delay Before Shutdown"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PD_Test: sprintf (cstrName, "Power Device Test Request/Result"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PD_ModuleReset: sprintf (cstrName, "Power Device Reset Request/Result"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PD_AudibleAlarmControl: sprintf (cstrName, "Power Device Audible Alarm Control"); break;

			case kHIDUsage_PD_Present: sprintf (cstrName, "Power Device Present"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PD_Good: sprintf (cstrName, "Power Device Good"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PD_InternalFailure: sprintf (cstrName, "Power Device Internal Failure"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PD_VoltageOutOfRange: sprintf (cstrName, "Power Device Voltage Out Of Range"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PD_FrequencyOutOfRange: sprintf (cstrName, "Power Device Frequency Out Of Range"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PD_Overload: sprintf (cstrName, "Power Device Overload"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PD_OverCharged: sprintf (cstrName, "Power Device Over Charged"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PD_OverTemperature: sprintf (cstrName, "Power Device Over Temperature"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PD_ShutdownRequested: sprintf (cstrName, "Power Device Shutdown Requested"); break;

			case kHIDUsage_PD_ShutdownImminent: sprintf (cstrName, "Power Device Shutdown Imminent"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PD_SwitchOnOff: sprintf (cstrName, "Power Device On/Off Switch Status"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PD_Switchable: sprintf (cstrName, "Power Device Switchable"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PD_Used: sprintf (cstrName, "Power Device Used"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PD_Boost: sprintf (cstrName, "Power Device Boosted"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PD_Buck: sprintf (cstrName, "Power Device Bucked"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PD_Initialized: sprintf (cstrName, "Power Device Initialized"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PD_Tested: sprintf (cstrName, "Power Device Tested"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PD_AwaitingPower: sprintf (cstrName, "Power Device Awaiting Power"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PD_CommunicationLost: sprintf (cstrName, "Power Device Communication Lost"); break;

			case kHIDUsage_PD_iManufacturer: sprintf (cstrName, "Power Device Manufacturer String Index"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PD_iProduct: sprintf (cstrName, "Power Device Product String Index"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_PD_iserialNumber: sprintf (cstrName, "Power Device Serial Number String Index"); break;
			default: sprintf (cstrName, "Power Device Usage 0x%lx", element->usage); break;
			}
		break;
	case kHIDPage_BatterySystem:
		if (((element->usage >= 0x0A) && (element->usage <= 0x0F)) || ((element->usage >= 0x1E) && (element->usage <= 0x27)) ||
			((element->usage >= 0x30) && (element->usage <= 0x3F)) || ((element->usage >= 0x4C) && (element->usage <= 0x5F)) ||
			((element->usage >= 0x6C) && (element->usage <= 0x7F)) || ((element->usage >= 0x90) && (element->usage <= 0xBF)) ||
			((element->usage >= 0xC3) && (element->usage <= 0xCF)) || ((element->usage >= 0xDD) && (element->usage <= 0xEF)) ||
			((element->usage >= 0xF2) && (element->usage <= 0xFF)))
			sprintf (cstrName, "Power Device Reserved");
		else
			switch (element->usage)
			{
			case kHIDUsage_BS_Undefined: sprintf (cstrName, "Battery System Undefined"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_BS_SMBBatteryMode: sprintf (cstrName, "SMB Mode"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_BS_SMBBatteryStatus: sprintf (cstrName, "SMB Status"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_BS_SMBAlarmWarning: sprintf (cstrName, "SMB Alarm Warning"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_BS_SMBChargerMode: sprintf (cstrName, "SMB Charger Mode"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_BS_SMBChargerStatus: sprintf (cstrName, "SMB Charger Status"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_BS_SMBChargerSpecInfo: sprintf (cstrName, "SMB Charger Extended Status"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_BS_SMBSelectorState: sprintf (cstrName, "SMB Selector State"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_BS_SMBSelectorPresets: sprintf (cstrName, "SMB Selector Presets"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_BS_SMBSelectorInfo: sprintf (cstrName, "SMB Selector Info"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_BS_OptionalMfgFunction1: sprintf (cstrName, "Battery System Optional SMB Mfg Function 1"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_BS_OptionalMfgFunction2: sprintf (cstrName, "Battery System Optional SMB Mfg Function 2"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_BS_OptionalMfgFunction3: sprintf (cstrName, "Battery System Optional SMB Mfg Function 3"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_BS_OptionalMfgFunction4: sprintf (cstrName, "Battery System Optional SMB Mfg Function 4"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_BS_OptionalMfgFunction5: sprintf (cstrName, "Battery System Optional SMB Mfg Function 5"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_BS_ConnectionToSMBus: sprintf (cstrName, "Battery System Connection To System Management Bus"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_BS_OutputConnection: sprintf (cstrName, "Battery System Output Connection Status"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_BS_ChargerConnection: sprintf (cstrName, "Battery System Charger Connection"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_BS_BatteryInsertion: sprintf (cstrName, "Battery System Battery Insertion"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_BS_Usenext: sprintf (cstrName, "Battery System Use Next"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_BS_OKToUse: sprintf (cstrName, "Battery System OK To Use"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_BS_BatterySupported: sprintf (cstrName, "Battery System Battery Supported"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_BS_SelectorRevision: sprintf (cstrName, "Battery System Selector Revision"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_BS_ChargingIndicator: sprintf (cstrName, "Battery System Charging Indicator"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_BS_ManufacturerAccess: sprintf (cstrName, "Battery System Manufacturer Access"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_BS_RemainingCapacityLimit: sprintf (cstrName, "Battery System Remaining Capacity Limit"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_BS_RemainingTimeLimit: sprintf (cstrName, "Battery System Remaining Time Limit"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_BS_AtRate: sprintf (cstrName, "Battery System At Rate..."); break;
			case kHIDUsage_BS_CapacityMode: sprintf (cstrName, "Battery System Capacity Mode"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_BS_BroadcastToCharger: sprintf (cstrName, "Battery System Broadcast To Charger"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_BS_PrimaryBattery: sprintf (cstrName, "Battery System Primary Battery"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_BS_ChargeController: sprintf (cstrName, "Battery System Charge Controller"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_BS_TerminateCharge: sprintf (cstrName, "Battery System Terminate Charge"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_BS_TerminateDischarge: sprintf (cstrName, "Battery System Terminate Discharge"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_BS_BelowRemainingCapacityLimit: sprintf (cstrName, "Battery System Below Remaining Capacity Limit"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_BS_RemainingTimeLimitExpired: sprintf (cstrName, "Battery System Remaining Time Limit Expired"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_BS_Charging: sprintf (cstrName, "Battery System Charging"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_BS_Discharging: sprintf (cstrName, "Battery System Discharging"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_BS_FullyCharged: sprintf (cstrName, "Battery System Fully Charged"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_BS_FullyDischarged: sprintf (cstrName, "Battery System Fully Discharged"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_BS_ConditioningFlag: sprintf (cstrName, "Battery System Conditioning Flag"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_BS_AtRateOK: sprintf (cstrName, "Battery System At Rate OK"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_BS_SMBErrorCode: sprintf (cstrName, "Battery System SMB Error Code"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_BS_NeedReplacement: sprintf (cstrName, "Battery System Need Replacement"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_BS_AtRateTimeToFull: sprintf (cstrName, "Battery System At Rate Time To Full"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_BS_AtRateTimeToEmpty: sprintf (cstrName, "Battery System At Rate Time To Empty"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_BS_AverageCurrent: sprintf (cstrName, "Battery System Average Current"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_BS_Maxerror: sprintf (cstrName, "Battery System Max Error"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_BS_RelativeStateOfCharge: sprintf (cstrName, "Battery System Relative State Of Charge"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_BS_AbsoluteStateOfCharge: sprintf (cstrName, "Battery System Absolute State Of Charge"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_BS_RemainingCapacity: sprintf (cstrName, "Battery System Remaining Capacity"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_BS_FullChargeCapacity: sprintf (cstrName, "Battery System Full Charge Capacity"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_BS_RunTimeToEmpty: sprintf (cstrName, "Battery System Run Time To Empty"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_BS_AverageTimeToEmpty: sprintf (cstrName, "Battery System Average Time To Empty"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_BS_AverageTimeToFull: sprintf (cstrName, "Battery System Average Time To Full"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_BS_CycleCount: sprintf (cstrName, "Battery System Cycle Count"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_BS_BattPackModelLevel: sprintf (cstrName, "Battery System Batt Pack Model Level"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_BS_InternalChargeController: sprintf (cstrName, "Battery System Internal Charge Controller"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_BS_PrimaryBatterySupport: sprintf (cstrName, "Battery System Primary Battery Support"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_BS_DesignCapacity: sprintf (cstrName, "Battery System Design Capacity"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_BS_SpecificationInfo: sprintf (cstrName, "Battery System Specification Info"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_BS_ManufacturerDate: sprintf (cstrName, "Battery System Manufacturer Date"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_BS_SerialNumber: sprintf (cstrName, "Battery System Serial Number"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_BS_iManufacturerName: sprintf (cstrName, "Battery System Manufacturer Name Index"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_BS_iDevicename: sprintf (cstrName, "Battery System Device Name Index"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_BS_iDeviceChemistry: sprintf (cstrName, "Battery System Device Chemistry Index"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_BS_ManufacturerData: sprintf (cstrName, "Battery System Manufacturer Data"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_BS_Rechargable: sprintf (cstrName, "Battery System Rechargable"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_BS_WarningCapacityLimit: sprintf (cstrName, "Battery System Warning Capacity Limit"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_BS_CapacityGranularity1: sprintf (cstrName, "Battery System Capacity Granularity 1"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_BS_CapacityGranularity2: sprintf (cstrName, "Battery System Capacity Granularity 2"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_BS_iOEMInformation: sprintf (cstrName, "Battery System OEM Information Index"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_BS_InhibitCharge: sprintf (cstrName, "Battery System Inhibit Charge"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_BS_EnablePolling: sprintf (cstrName, "Battery System Enable Polling"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_BS_ResetToZero: sprintf (cstrName, "Battery System Reset To Zero"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_BS_ACPresent: sprintf (cstrName, "Battery System AC Present"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_BS_BatteryPresent: sprintf (cstrName, "Battery System Battery Present"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_BS_PowerFail: sprintf (cstrName, "Battery System Power Fail"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_BS_AlarmInhibited: sprintf (cstrName, "Battery System Alarm Inhibited"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_BS_ThermistorUnderRange: sprintf (cstrName, "Battery System Thermistor Under Range"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_BS_ThermistorHot: sprintf (cstrName, "Battery System Thermistor Hot"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_BS_ThermistorCold: sprintf (cstrName, "Battery System Thermistor Cold"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_BS_ThermistorOverRange: sprintf (cstrName, "Battery System Thermistor Over Range"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_BS_VoltageOutOfRange: sprintf (cstrName, "Battery System Voltage Out Of Range"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_BS_CurrentOutOfRange: sprintf (cstrName, "Battery System Current Out Of Range"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_BS_CurrentNotRegulated: sprintf (cstrName, "Battery System Current Not Regulated"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_BS_VoltageNotRegulated: sprintf (cstrName, "Battery System Voltage Not Regulated"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_BS_MasterMode: sprintf (cstrName, "Battery System Master Mode"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_BS_ChargerSelectorSupport: sprintf (cstrName, "Battery System Charger Support Selector"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_BS_ChargerSpec: sprintf (cstrName, "attery System Charger Specification"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_BS_Level2: sprintf (cstrName, "Battery System Charger Level 2"); break;
			case kHIDUsage_BS_Level3: sprintf (cstrName, "Battery System Charger Level 3"); break;
			default: sprintf (cstrName, "Battery System Usage 0x%lx", element->usage); break;
			}
		break;
	case kHIDPage_AlphanumericDisplay:
		switch (element->usage)
		{
		default: sprintf (cstrName, "Alphanumeric Display Usage 0x%lx", element->usage); break;
		}
		break;
	case kHIDPage_BarCodeScanner:
		switch (element->usage)
		{
		default: sprintf (cstrName, "Bar Code Scanner Usage 0x%lx", element->usage); break;
		}
		break;
	case kHIDPage_Scale:
		switch (element->usage)
		{
		default: sprintf (cstrName, "Scale Usage 0x%lx", element->usage); break;
		}
		break;
	case kHIDPage_CameraControl:
		switch (element->usage)
		{
		default: sprintf (cstrName, "Camera Control Usage 0x%lx", element->usage); break;
		}
		break;
	case kHIDPage_Arcade:
		switch (element->usage)
		{
		default: sprintf (cstrName, "Arcade Usage 0x%lx", element->usage); break;
		}
		break;
	default:
		if (element->usagePage > kHIDPage_VendorDefinedStart)
			sprintf (cstrName, "Vendor Defined Usage 0x%lx", element->usage);
		else
			sprintf (cstrName, "Page: 0x%lx, Usage: 0x%lx", element->usagePage, element->usage);
		break;
    }
	 
	return(cstrName);
}




#endif  /* #ifdef __APPLE__ */