starting to commit gridflow 0.8.0 ...

if you know how to use "cvs import" please mail me and i'll use it for 0.8.1

svn path=/trunk/; revision=3646

40 files changed, 14995 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/externals/gridflow/base/bitpacking.c b/externals/gridflow/base/bitpacking.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..143f6edb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/externals/gridflow/base/bitpacking.c
@@ -0,0 +1,309 @@
+/*
+	$Id: bitpacking.c,v 1.1 2005-10-04 02:02:13 matju Exp $
+
+	GridFlow
+	Copyright (c) 2001,2002,2003,2004 by Mathieu Bouchard
+
+	This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+	modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
+	as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
+	of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+
+	See file ../COPYING for further informations on licensing terms.
+
+	This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+	but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+	MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+	GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+	You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+	along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+	Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
+*/
+
+#include "grid.h.fcs"
+#include <math.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+#define CONVERT1 t = \
+	(((in[0] << hb[0]) >> 7) & mask[0]) | \
+	(((in[1] << hb[1]) >> 7) & mask[1]) | \
+	(((in[2] << hb[2]) >> 7) & mask[2])
+
+#define CONVERT2 \
+	for (t=0,i=0; i<self->size; i++) t |= (((in[i] << hb[i]) >> 7) & mask[i]);
+
+#define CONVERT3 \
+	for (t=0,i=0; i<self->size; i++) { \
+		t |= ((in[i]>>(7-hb[i]))|(in[i]<<(hb[i]-7))) & mask[i]; \
+	}
+
+#define WRITE_LE \
+	for (int bytes = self->bytes; bytes; bytes--, t>>=8) *out++ = t;
+
+#define WRITE_BE { int bytes; \
+	bytes = self->bytes; \
+	while (bytes--) { out[bytes] = t; t>>=8; }\
+	out += self->bytes; }
+
+/* this macro would be faster if the _increment_
+   was done only once every loop. or maybe gcc does it, i dunno */
+#define NTIMES(_x_) \
+	for (; n>=4; n-=4) { _x_ _x_ _x_ _x_ } \
+	for (; n; n--) { _x_ }
+
+/* this could be faster (use asm) */
+void swap32 (int n, Pt<uint32> data) {
+	NTIMES({
+		uint32 x = *data;
+		x = (x<<16) | (x>>16);
+		x = ((x&0xff00ff)<<8) | ((x>>8)&0xff00ff);
+		*data++ = x;
+	})
+}
+
+/* this could be faster (use asm or do it in int32 chunks) */
+void swap16 (int n, Pt<uint16> data) {
+	NTIMES({ uint16 x = *data; *data++ = (x<<8) | (x>>8); })
+}
+
+/* **************************************************************** */
+
+template <class T>
+static void default_pack(BitPacking *self, int n, Pt<T> in, Pt<uint8> out) {
+	uint32 t;
+	int i;
+	int hb[4];
+	uint32 mask[4];
+	int sameorder = self->endian==2 || self->endian==::is_le();
+	int size = self->size;
+
+	for (i=0; i<self->size; i++) hb[i] = highest_bit(self->mask[i]);
+	memcpy(mask,self->mask,size*sizeof(uint32));
+
+	if (sameorder && size==3) {
+		switch(self->bytes) {
+		case 2:	NTIMES(t=CONVERT1; *((int16 *)out)=t; out+=2; in+=3;) return;
+		case 4:	NTIMES(t=CONVERT1; *((int32 *)out)=t; out+=4; in+=3;) return;
+		}
+	}
+	if (self->is_le()) {
+		switch (size) {
+		case 3: for (; n--; in+=3) {CONVERT1; WRITE_LE;} break;
+		case 4:	for (; n--; in+=4) {CONVERT3; WRITE_LE;} break;
+		default:for (; n--; in+=size) {CONVERT2; WRITE_LE;}}
+	} else {
+		switch (size) {
+		case 3: for (; n--; in+=3) {CONVERT1; WRITE_BE;} break;
+		case 4: for (; n--; in+=4) {CONVERT3; WRITE_BE;} break;
+		default:for (; n--; in+=size) {CONVERT2; WRITE_BE;}}
+	}
+}
+
+#define LOOP_UNPACK(_reader_) \
+	for (; n; n--) { \
+		int bytes=0; uint32 temp=0; _reader_; \
+		for (int i=0; i<self->size; i++, out++) { \
+			uint32 t=temp&self->mask[i]; \
+			*out = (t<<(7-hb[i]))|(t>>(hb[i]-7)); \
+		} \
+	}
+//			*out++ = ((temp & self->mask[i]) << 7) >> hb[i];
+
+template <class T>
+static void default_unpack(BitPacking *self, int n, Pt<uint8> in, Pt<T> out) {
+	int hb[4];
+	for (int i=0; i<self->size; i++) hb[i] = highest_bit(self->mask[i]);
+	if (is_le()) { // smallest byte first
+		LOOP_UNPACK(
+			for(; self->bytes>bytes; bytes++, in++) temp |= *in<<(8*bytes);
+		)
+	} else { // biggest byte first
+		LOOP_UNPACK(
+			bytes=self->bytes; for (; bytes; bytes--, in++) temp=(temp<<8)|*in;
+		)
+	}
+}
+
+/* **************************************************************** */
+
+template <class T>
+static void pack2_565(BitPacking *self, int n, Pt<T> in, Pt<uint8> out) {
+	const int hb[3] = {15,10,4};
+	const uint32 mask[3] = {0x0000f800,0x000007e0,0x0000001f};
+	uint32 t;
+	NTIMES( t=CONVERT1; *((short *)out)=t; out+=2; in+=3; )
+}
+
+template <class T>
+static void pack3_888(BitPacking *self, int n, Pt<T> in, Pt<uint8> out) {
+	Pt<int32> o32 = (Pt<int32>)out;
+	while (n>=4) {
+		o32[0] = (in[5]<<24) | (in[ 0]<<16) | (in[ 1]<<8) | in[2];
+		o32[1] = (in[7]<<24) | (in[ 8]<<16) | (in[ 3]<<8) | in[4];
+		o32[2] = (in[9]<<24) | (in[10]<<16) | (in[11]<<8) | in[6];
+		o32+=3; in+=12;
+		n-=4;
+	}
+	out = (Pt<uint8>)o32;
+	NTIMES( out[2]=in[0]; out[1]=in[1]; out[0]=in[2]; out+=3; in+=3; )
+}
+
+/*
+template <>
+static void pack3_888(BitPacking *self, int n, Pt<uint8> in, Pt<uint8> out) {
+	Pt<uint32> o32 = Pt<uint32>((uint32 *)out.p,n*3/4);
+	Pt<uint32> i32 = Pt<uint32>((uint32 *)in.p,n*3/4);
+	while (n>=4) {
+#define Z(w,i) ((word##w>>(i*8))&255)
+		uint32 word0 = i32[0];
+		uint32 word1 = i32[1];
+		uint32 word2 = i32[2];
+		o32[0] = (Z(1,1)<<24) | (Z(0,0)<<16) | (Z(0,1)<<8) | Z(0,2);
+		o32[1] = (Z(1,3)<<24) | (Z(2,0)<<16) | (Z(0,3)<<8) | Z(1,0);
+		o32[2] = (Z(2,1)<<24) | (Z(2,2)<<16) | (Z(2,3)<<8) | Z(1,2);
+		o32+=3; i32+=3;
+		n-=4;
+	}
+#undef Z
+	out = (Pt<uint8>)o32;
+	in  = (Pt<uint8>)i32;
+	NTIMES( out[2]=in[0]; out[1]=in[1]; out[0]=in[2]; out+=3; in+=3; )
+}
+*/
+
+template <class T>
+static void pack3_888b(BitPacking *self, int n, Pt<T> in, Pt<uint8> out) {
+	Pt<int32> o32 = (Pt<int32>)out;
+	while (n>=4) {
+		o32[0] = (in[0]<<16) | (in[1]<<8) | in[2];
+		o32[1] = (in[3]<<16) | (in[4]<<8) | in[5];
+		o32[2] = (in[6]<<16) | (in[7]<<8) | in[8];
+		o32[3] = (in[9]<<16) | (in[10]<<8) | in[11];
+		o32+=4; in+=12;
+		n-=4;
+	}
+	NTIMES( o32[0] = (in[0]<<16) | (in[1]<<8) | in[2]; o32++; in+=3; )
+}
+
+/* (R,G,B,?) -> B:8,G:8,R:8,0:8 */
+template <class T>
+static void pack3_bgrn8888(BitPacking *self, int n, Pt<T> in, Pt<uint8> out) {
+/* NTIMES( out[2]=in[0]; out[1]=in[1]; out[0]=in[2]; out+=4; in+=4; ) */
+	Pt<int32> i32 = (Pt<int32>)in;
+	Pt<int32> o32 = (Pt<int32>)out;
+	while (n>=4) {
+		o32[0] = ((i32[0]&0xff)<<16) | (i32[0]&0xff00) | ((i32[0]>>16)&0xff);
+		o32[1] = ((i32[1]&0xff)<<16) | (i32[1]&0xff00) | ((i32[1]>>16)&0xff);
+		o32[2] = ((i32[2]&0xff)<<16) | (i32[2]&0xff00) | ((i32[2]>>16)&0xff);
+		o32[3] = ((i32[3]&0xff)<<16) | (i32[3]&0xff00) | ((i32[3]>>16)&0xff);
+		o32+=4; i32+=4; n-=4;
+	}
+	NTIMES( o32[0] = ((i32[0]&0xff)<<16) | (i32[0]&0xff00) | ((i32[0]>>16)&0xff); o32++; i32++; )
+}
+
+static uint32 bp_masks[][4] = {
+	{0x0000f800,0x000007e0,0x0000001f,0},
+	{0x00ff0000,0x0000ff00,0x000000ff,0},
+};
+
+static Packer bp_packers[] = {
+	{default_pack, default_pack, default_pack},
+	{pack2_565, pack2_565, pack2_565},
+	{pack3_888, pack3_888, pack3_888},
+	{pack3_888b, default_pack, default_pack},
+	{pack3_bgrn8888, default_pack, default_pack},
+};
+
+static Unpacker bp_unpackers[] = {
+	{default_unpack, default_unpack, default_unpack},
+};	
+
+static BitPacking builtin_bitpackers[] = {
+	BitPacking(2, 2, 3, bp_masks[0], &bp_packers[1], &bp_unpackers[0]),
+	BitPacking(1, 3, 3, bp_masks[1], &bp_packers[2], &bp_unpackers[0]),
+	BitPacking(1, 4, 3, bp_masks[1], &bp_packers[3], &bp_unpackers[0]),
+	BitPacking(1, 4, 4, bp_masks[1], &bp_packers[4], &bp_unpackers[0]),
+};
+
+/* **************************************************************** */
+
+bool BitPacking::eq(BitPacking *o) {
+	if (!(bytes == o->bytes)) return false;
+	if (!(size == o->size)) return false;
+	for (int i=0; i<size; i++) {
+		if (!(mask[i] == o->mask[i])) return false;
+	}
+	if (endian==o->endian) return true;
+	/* same==little on a little-endian; same==big on a big-endian */
+	return (endian ^ o->endian ^ ::is_le()) == 2;
+}
+
+BitPacking::BitPacking(int endian, int bytes, int size, uint32 *mask,
+Packer *packer, Unpacker *unpacker) {
+	this->endian = endian;
+	this->bytes = bytes;
+	this->size = size;
+	for (int i=0; i<size; i++) this->mask[i] = mask[i];
+	if (packer) {
+		this->packer = packer;
+		this->unpacker = unpacker;
+		return;
+	}
+	int packeri=-1;
+	this->packer = &bp_packers[0];
+	this->unpacker = &bp_unpackers[0];
+
+	for (int i=0; i<(int)(sizeof(builtin_bitpackers)/sizeof(BitPacking)); i++) {
+		BitPacking *bp = &builtin_bitpackers[i];
+		if (this->eq(bp)) {
+			this->packer = bp->packer;
+			this->unpacker = bp->unpacker;
+			packeri=i;
+			goto end;
+		}
+	}
+end:;
+/*
+	::gfpost("Bitpacking: endian=%d bytes=%d size=%d packeri=%d",
+		endian, bytes, size, packeri);
+	::gfpost("  packer=0x%08x unpacker=0x%08x",this->packer,this->unpacker);
+	::gfpost("  mask=[0x%08x,0x%08x,0x%08x,0x%08x]",mask[0],mask[1],mask[2],mask[3]);
+*/
+}
+
+bool BitPacking::is_le() {
+	return endian==1 || (endian ^ ::is_le())==3;
+}
+
+template <class T>
+void BitPacking::pack(int n, Pt<T> in, Pt<uint8> out) {
+	switch (NumberTypeE_type_of(*in)) {
+	case uint8_e: packer->as_uint8(this,n,(Pt<uint8>)in,out); break;
+	case int16_e: packer->as_int16(this,n,(Pt<int16>)in,out); break;
+	case int32_e: packer->as_int32(this,n,(Pt<int32>)in,out); break;
+	default: RAISE("argh");
+	}
+}
+
+template <class T>
+void BitPacking::unpack(int n, Pt<uint8> in, Pt<T> out) {
+	switch (NumberTypeE_type_of(*out)) {
+	case uint8_e: unpacker->as_uint8(this,n,in,(Pt<uint8>)out); break;
+	case int16_e: unpacker->as_int16(this,n,in,(Pt<int16>)out); break;
+	case int32_e: unpacker->as_int32(this,n,in,(Pt<int32>)out); break;
+	default: RAISE("argh");
+	}
+}
+
+// i'm sorry... see the end of grid.c for an explanation...
+//static
+void make_hocus_pocus () {
+//	exit(1);
+#define FOO(S) \
+	((BitPacking*)0)->pack(0,Pt<S>(),Pt<uint8>()); \
+	((BitPacking*)0)->unpack(0,Pt<uint8>(),Pt<S>());
+EACH_NUMBER_TYPE(FOO)
+#undef FOO
+}
diff --git a/externals/gridflow/base/flow_objects.c b/externals/gridflow/base/flow_objects.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ac3305d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/externals/gridflow/base/flow_objects.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1189 @@
+/*
+	$Id: flow_objects.c,v 1.1 2005-10-04 02:02:13 matju Exp $
+
+	GridFlow
+	Copyright (c) 2001,2002,2003,2004 by Mathieu Bouchard
+
+	This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+	modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
+	as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
+	of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+
+	See file ../COPYING for further informations on licensing terms.
+
+	This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+	but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+	MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+	GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+	You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+	along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+	Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
+*/
+
+#include <sys/time.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <math.h>
+#include "grid.h.fcs"
+
+// BAD HACK: GCC complains: unimplemented (--debug|--debug-harder mode only)
+#ifdef HAVE_DEBUG
+#define SCOPY(a,b,n) COPY(a,b,n)
+#else
+#define SCOPY(a,b,n) SCopy<n>::f(a,b)
+#endif
+
+template <int n> class SCopy {
+public: template <class T> static inline void __attribute__((always_inline)) f(Pt<T> a, Pt<T> b) {
+		*a=*b; SCopy<n-1>::f(a+1,b+1);}};
+template <> class SCopy<0> {
+public: template <class T> static inline void __attribute__((always_inline)) f(Pt<T> a, Pt<T> b) {}};
+
+/*template <> class SCopy<4> {
+public: template <class T>
+	static inline void __attribute__((always_inline)) f(Pt<T> a, Pt<T> b) {
+		*a=*b; SCopy<3>::f(a+1,b+1);}
+	// wouldn't gcc 2.95 complain here?
+	static inline void __attribute__((always_inline)) f(Pt<uint8> a, Pt<uint8> b)
+	{ *(int32 *)a=*(int32 *)b; }
+};*/
+
+Numop *op_add, *op_sub, *op_mul, *op_div, *op_mod, *op_shl, *op_and, *op_put;
+
+static void expect_dim_dim_list (P<Dim> d) {
+	if (d->n!=1) RAISE("dimension list should be Dim[n], not %s",d->to_s());}
+//static void expect_min_one_dim (P<Dim> d) {
+//	if (d->n<1) RAISE("minimum 1 dimension");}
+static void expect_max_one_dim (P<Dim> d) {
+	if (d->n>1) { RAISE("expecting Dim[] or Dim[n], got %s",d->to_s()); }}
+//static void expect_exactly_one_dim (P<Dim> d) {
+//	if (d->n!=1) { RAISE("expecting Dim[n], got %s",d->to_s()); }}
+
+//****************************************************************
+\class GridCast < GridObject
+struct GridCast : GridObject {
+	\attr NumberTypeE nt;
+	\decl void initialize (NumberTypeE nt);
+	\grin 0
+};
+
+GRID_INLET(GridCast,0) {
+	out = new GridOutlet(this,0,in->dim,nt);
+} GRID_FLOW {
+	out->send(n,data);
+} GRID_END
+
+\def void initialize (NumberTypeE nt) {
+	rb_call_super(argc,argv);
+	this->nt = nt;
+}
+
+\classinfo { IEVAL(rself,"install '#cast',1,1"); }
+\end class GridCast
+
+//****************************************************************
+//{ ?,Dim[B] -> Dim[*Cs] }
+// out0 nt to be specified explicitly
+\class GridImport < GridObject
+struct GridImport : GridObject {
+	\attr NumberTypeE cast;
+	\attr P<Dim> dim; // size of grids to send
+	PtrGrid dim_grid;
+	GridImport() { dim_grid.constrain(expect_dim_dim_list); }
+	~GridImport() {}
+	\decl void initialize(Ruby x, NumberTypeE cast=int32_e);
+	\decl void _0_cast(NumberTypeE cast);
+	\decl void _0_reset();
+	\decl void _0_symbol(Symbol x);
+	\decl void _0_list(...);
+	\decl void _1_per_message();
+	\grin 0
+	\grin 1 int32
+	template <class T> void process (int n, Pt<T> data) {
+		while (n) {
+			if (!out || !out->dim) out = new GridOutlet(this,0,dim?dim:in[0]->dim,cast);
+			int32 n2 = min((int32)n,out->dim->prod()-out->dex);
+			out->send(n2,data);
+			n-=n2; data+=n2;
+		}
+	}
+};
+
+GRID_INLET(GridImport,0) {} GRID_FLOW { process(n,data); } GRID_END
+GRID_INPUT(GridImport,1,dim_grid) { dim = dim_grid->to_dim(); } GRID_END
+
+\def void _0_symbol(Symbol x) {
+	const char *name = rb_sym_name(argv[0]);
+	int n = strlen(name);
+	if (!dim) out=new GridOutlet(this,0,new Dim(n));
+	process(n,Pt<uint8>((uint8 *)name,n));
+}
+
+\def void _0_cast(NumberTypeE cast) { this->cast = cast; }
+
+\def void _0_list(...) {
+	if (in.size()<1 || !in[0]) _0_grid(0,0); //HACK: enable grid inlet...
+	in[0]->from_ruby_list(argc,argv,cast);
+}
+
+\def void _1_per_message() { dim=0; dim_grid=0; }
+
+\def void initialize(Ruby x, NumberTypeE cast) {
+	rb_call_super(argc,argv);
+	this->cast = cast;
+	if (argv[0]!=SYM(per_message)) {
+		dim_grid=new Grid(argv[0]);
+		dim = dim_grid->to_dim();
+	}
+}
+
+\def void _0_reset() {
+	STACK_ARRAY(int32,foo,1); *foo=0;
+	while (out->dim) out->send(1,foo);
+}
+
+\classinfo { IEVAL(rself,"install '#import',2,1"); }
+\end class GridImport
+
+//****************************************************************
+/*{ Dim[*As] -> ? }*/
+/* in0: integer nt */
+\class GridExport < GridObject
+struct GridExport : GridObject {
+	\grin 0
+};
+
+template <class T>
+static Ruby INTORFLOAT2NUM(T       value) {return      INT2NUM(value);}
+static Ruby INTORFLOAT2NUM(int64   value) {return    gf_ll2num(value);}
+static Ruby INTORFLOAT2NUM(float32 value) {return rb_float_new(value);}
+static Ruby INTORFLOAT2NUM(float64 value) {return rb_float_new(value);}
+
+GRID_INLET(GridExport,0) {
+} GRID_FLOW {
+	for (int i=0; i<n; i++) {
+		Ruby a[] = { INT2NUM(0), INTORFLOAT2NUM(data[i]) };
+		send_out(COUNT(a),a);
+	}
+} GRID_END
+\classinfo { IEVAL(rself,"install '#export',1,1"); }
+\end class GridExport
+
+/* **************************************************************** */
+/*{ Dim[*As] -> ? }*/
+/* in0: integer nt */
+\class GridExportList < GridObject
+struct GridExportList : GridObject {
+	Ruby /*Array*/ list;
+	int n;
+	\grin 0
+};
+
+GRID_INLET(GridExportList,0) {
+	int n = in->dim->prod();
+	if (n>250000) RAISE("list too big (%d elements)", n);
+	list = rb_ary_new2(n+2);
+	this->n = n;
+	rb_ivar_set(rself,SI(@list),list); // keep
+	rb_ary_store(list,0,INT2NUM(0));
+	rb_ary_store(list,1,bsym._list);
+} GRID_FLOW {
+	for (int i=0; i<n; i++, data++)
+		rb_ary_store(list,in->dex+i+2,INTORFLOAT2NUM(*data));
+} GRID_FINISH {
+	send_out(rb_ary_len(list),rb_ary_ptr(list));
+	list = 0;
+	rb_ivar_set(rself,SI(@list),Qnil); // unkeep
+} GRID_END
+
+\classinfo { IEVAL(rself,"install '#export_list',1,1"); }
+\end class GridExportList
+
+/* **************************************************************** */
+// GridStore ("@store") is the class for storing a grid and restituting
+// it on demand. The right inlet receives the grid. The left inlet receives
+// either a bang (which forwards the whole image) or a grid describing what
+// to send.
+//{ Dim[*As,B],Dim[*Cs,*Ds] -> Dim[*As,*Ds] }
+// in0: integer nt
+// in1: whatever nt
+// out0: same nt as in1
+\class GridStore < GridObject
+struct GridStore : GridObject {
+	PtrGrid r; // can't be \attr
+	PtrGrid put_at; // can't be //\attr
+	\attr Numop *op;
+	int32 wdex [Dim::MAX_DIMENSIONS]; // temporary buffer, copy of put_at
+	int32 fromb[Dim::MAX_DIMENSIONS];
+	int32 to2  [Dim::MAX_DIMENSIONS];
+	int lsd; // lsd = Last Same Dimension (for put_at)
+	int d; // goes with wdex
+	\decl void initialize (Grid *r=0);
+	\decl void _0_bang ();
+	\decl void _0_op (Numop *op);
+	\decl void _1_reassign ();
+	\decl void _1_put_at (Grid *index);
+	\grin 0 int
+	\grin 1
+	GridStore() { put_at.constrain(expect_max_one_dim); }
+	template <class T> void compute_indices(Pt<T> v, int nc, int nd);
+};
+
+// takes the backstore of a grid and puts it back into place. a backstore
+// is a grid that is filled while the grid it would replace has not
+// finished being used.
+static void snap_backstore (PtrGrid &r) {
+	if (r.next) {r=r.next.p; r.next=0;}
+}
+
+template <class T> void GridStore::compute_indices(Pt<T> v, int nc, int nd) {
+	for (int i=0; i<nc; i++) {
+		uint32 wrap = r->dim->v[i];
+		bool fast = lowest_bit(wrap)==highest_bit(wrap); // is power of two?
+		if (i) {
+			if (fast) op_shl->map(nd,v,(T)highest_bit(wrap));
+			else      op_mul->map(nd,v,(T)wrap);
+		}
+		if (fast) op_and->map(nd,v+nd*i,(T)(wrap-1));
+		else      op_mod->map(nd,v+nd*i,(T)(wrap));
+		if (i) op_add->zip(nd,v,v+nd*i);
+	}
+}
+
+// !@#$ i should ensure that n is not exceedingly large
+// !@#$ worse: the size of the foo buffer may still be too large
+GRID_INLET(GridStore,0) {
+	// snap_backstore must be done before *anything* else
+	snap_backstore(r);
+	int na = in->dim->n;
+	int nb = r->dim->n;
+	int nc = in->dim->get(na-1);
+	STACK_ARRAY(int32,v,Dim::MAX_DIMENSIONS);
+	if (na<1) RAISE("must have at least 1 dimension.",na,1,1+nb);
+	int lastindexable = r->dim->prod()/r->dim->prod(nc) - 1;
+	int ngreatest = nt_greatest((T *)0);
+	if (lastindexable > ngreatest) {
+		RAISE("lastindexable=%d > ngreatest=%d (ask matju)",lastindexable,ngreatest);
+	}
+	if (nc > nb)
+		RAISE("wrong number of elements in last dimension: "
+			"got %d, expecting <= %d", nc, nb);
+	int nd = nb - nc + na - 1;
+	COPY(v,in->dim->v,na-1);
+	COPY(v+na-1,r->dim->v+nc,nb-nc);
+	out=new GridOutlet(this,0,new Dim(nd,v),r->nt);
+	if (nc>0) in->set_factor(nc);
+} GRID_FLOW {
+	int na = in->dim->n;
+	int nc = in->dim->get(na-1);
+	int size = r->dim->prod(nc);
+	assert((n % nc) == 0);
+	int nd = n/nc;
+	STACK_ARRAY(T,w,n);
+	Pt<T> v=w;
+	if (sizeof(T)==1 && nc==1 && r->dim->v[0]<=256) {
+		// bug? shouldn't modulo be done here?
+		v=data;
+	} else {
+		COPY(v,data,n);
+		for (int k=0,i=0; i<nc; i++) for (int j=0; j<n; j+=nc) v[k++] = data[i+j];
+		compute_indices(v,nc,nd);
+	}
+#define FOO(type) { \
+	Pt<type> p = (Pt<type>)*r; \
+	if (size<=16) { \
+		Pt<type> foo = ARRAY_NEW(type,nd*size); \
+		int i=0; \
+		switch (size) { \
+		case 1: for (; i<nd&-4; i+=4, foo+=4) { \
+			foo[0] = p[v[i+0]]; \
+			foo[1] = p[v[i+1]]; \
+			foo[2] = p[v[i+2]]; \
+			foo[3] = p[v[i+3]]; \
+		} break; \
+		case 2: for (; i<nd; i++, foo+=2) SCOPY(foo,p+2*v[i],2); break; \
+		case 3: for (; i<nd; i++, foo+=3) SCOPY(foo,p+3*v[i],3); break; \
+		case 4: for (; i<nd; i++, foo+=4) SCOPY(foo,p+4*v[i],4); break; \
+		default:; }; \
+		for (; i<nd; i++, foo+=size) COPY(foo,p+size*v[i],size); \
+		out->give(size*nd,foo-size*nd); \
+	} else { \
+		for (int i=0; i<nd; i++) out->send(size,p+size*v[i]); \
+	} \
+}
+	TYPESWITCH(r->nt,FOO,)
+#undef FOO
+} GRID_FINISH {
+	if (in->dim->prod()==0) {
+		int n = in->dim->prod(0,-2);
+		int size = r->dim->prod();
+#define FOO(T) while (n--) out->send(size,(Pt<T>)*r);
+		TYPESWITCH(r->nt,FOO,)
+#undef FOO
+	}
+} GRID_END
+
+GRID_INLET(GridStore,1) {
+	NumberTypeE nt = NumberTypeE_type_of(*data);
+	if (!put_at) { // reassign
+		if (in[0].dim)
+			r.next = new Grid(in->dim,nt);
+		else
+			r = new Grid(in->dim,nt);
+		return;
+	}
+	// put_at ( ... )
+	//!@#$ should check types. if (r->nt!=in->nt) RAISE("shoo");
+	int nn=r->dim->n, na=put_at->dim->v[0], nb=in->dim->n;
+	STACK_ARRAY(int32,sizeb,nn);
+	for (int i=0; i<nn; i++) { fromb[i]=0; sizeb[i]=1; }
+	COPY(Pt<int32>(wdex,nn)       ,(Pt<int32>)*put_at   ,put_at->dim->prod());
+	COPY(Pt<int32>(fromb,nn)+nn-na,(Pt<int32>)*put_at   ,na);
+	COPY(Pt<int32>(sizeb,nn)+nn-nb,(Pt<int32>)in->dim->v,nb);
+	for (int i=0; i<nn; i++) to2[i] = fromb[i]+sizeb[i];
+	d=0;
+	// find out when we can skip computing indices
+	//!@#$ should actually also stop before blowing up packet size
+	lsd=nn;
+	while (lsd>=nn-in->dim->n) {
+		lsd--;
+		int cs = in->dim->prod(lsd-nn+in->dim->n);
+		if (cs>GridOutlet::MAX_PACKET_SIZE || fromb[lsd]!=0 || sizeb[lsd]!=r->dim->v[lsd]) break;
+	}
+	lsd++;
+	int cs = in->dim->prod(lsd-nn+in->dim->n);
+	in->set_factor(cs);
+} GRID_FLOW {
+	if (!put_at) { // reassign
+		COPY(((Pt<T>)*(r.next ? r.next.p : &*r.p))+in->dex, data, n);
+		return;
+	}
+	// put_at ( ... )
+	int nn=r->dim->n;
+	int cs = in->factor(); // chunksize
+	STACK_ARRAY(int32,v,lsd);
+	Pt<int32> x = Pt<int32>(wdex,nn);
+	while (n) {
+		// here d is the dim# to reset; d=n for none
+		for(;d<lsd;d++) x[d]=fromb[d];
+		COPY(v,x,lsd);
+		compute_indices(v,lsd,1);
+		op->zip(cs,(Pt<T>)*r+v[0]*cs,data);
+		data+=cs;
+		n-=cs;
+		// find next set of indices; here d is the dim# to increment
+		for(;;) {
+			d--;
+			if (d<0) goto end;
+			x[d]++;
+			if (x[d]<to2[d]) break;
+		}
+		end:; // why here ??? or why at all?
+		d++;
+	}
+	//end:; // why not here ???
+} GRID_END
+\def void _0_op(Numop *op) { this->op=op; }
+\def void _0_bang () { rb_funcall(rself,SI(_0_list),3,INT2NUM(0),SYM(#),INT2NUM(0)); }
+\def void _1_reassign () { put_at=0; }
+\def void _1_put_at (Grid *index) { put_at=index; }
+\def void initialize (Grid *r) {
+	rb_call_super(argc,argv);
+	this->r = r?r:new Grid(new Dim(),int32_e,true);
+	op = op_put;
+}
+\classinfo { IEVAL(rself,"install '#store',2,1"); }
+\end class GridStore
+
+//****************************************************************
+//{ Dim[*As]<T> -> Dim[*As]<T> } or
+//{ Dim[*As]<T>,Dim[*Bs]<T> -> Dim[*As]<T> }
+\class GridOp < GridObject
+struct GridOp : GridObject {
+	\attr Numop *op;
+	PtrGrid r;
+	\decl void initialize(Numop *op, Grid *r=0);
+	\grin 0
+	\grin 1
+	\decl void _0_op(Numop *op);
+};
+
+GRID_INLET(GridOp,0) {
+	snap_backstore(r);
+	SAME_TYPE(in,r);
+	out=new GridOutlet(this,0,in->dim,in->nt);
+	in->set_mode(6);
+} GRID_FLOW {
+	Pt<T> rdata = (Pt<T>)*r;
+	int loop = r->dim->prod();
+	if (sizeof(T)==8) {
+		fprintf(stderr,"1: data=%p rdata=%p\n",data.p,rdata.p);
+		WATCH(n,data);
+	}
+	if (loop>1) {
+		if (in->dex+n <= loop) {
+			op->zip(n,data,rdata+in->dex);
+		} else {
+			// !@#$ should prebuild and reuse this array when "loop" is small
+			STACK_ARRAY(T,data2,n);
+			int ii = mod(in->dex,loop);
+			int m = min(loop-ii,n);
+			COPY(data2,rdata+ii,m);
+			int nn = m+((n-m)/loop)*loop;
+			for (int i=m; i<nn; i+=loop) COPY(data2+i,rdata,loop);
+			if (n>nn) COPY(data2+nn,rdata,n-nn);
+			if (sizeof(T)==8) {
+				fprintf(stderr,"2: data=%p data2=%p\n",data.p,data2.p);
+				WATCH(n,data); WATCH(n,data2);
+			}
+			op->zip(n,data,data2);
+			if (sizeof(T)==8) {WATCH(n,data); WATCH(n,data2);}
+		}
+	} else {
+		op->map(n,data,*rdata);
+	}
+	out->give(n,data);
+} GRID_END
+
+GRID_INPUT2(GridOp,1,r) {} GRID_END
+\def void _0_op(Numop *op) { this->op=op; }
+
+\def void initialize(Numop *op, Grid *r=0) {
+	rb_call_super(argc,argv);
+	this->op=op;
+	this->r = r?r:new Grid(new Dim(),int32_e,true);
+}
+
+\classinfo { IEVAL(rself,"install '#',2,1"); }
+\end class GridOp
+
+//****************************************************************
+\class GridFold < GridObject
+struct GridFold : GridObject {
+	\attr Numop *op;
+	\attr PtrGrid seed;
+	\decl void initialize (Numop *op);
+	\decl void _0_op (Numop *op);
+	\decl void _0_seed (Grid *seed);
+	\grin 0
+};
+
+GRID_INLET(GridFold,0) {
+	//{ Dim[*As,B,*Cs]<T>,Dim[*Cs]<T> -> Dim[*As,*Cs]<T> }
+	if (seed) SAME_TYPE(in,seed);
+	int an = in->dim->n;
+	int bn = seed?seed->dim->n:0;
+	if (an<=bn) RAISE("minimum 1 more dimension than the seed (%d vs %d)",an,bn);
+	STACK_ARRAY(int32,v,an-1);
+	int yi = an-bn-1;
+	COPY(v,in->dim->v,yi);
+	COPY(v+yi,in->dim->v+an-bn,bn);
+	if (seed) SAME_DIM(an-(yi+1),in->dim,(yi+1),seed->dim,0);
+	out=new GridOutlet(this,0,new Dim(an-1,v),in->nt);
+	int k = seed ? seed->dim->prod() : 1;
+	in->set_factor(in->dim->get(yi)*k);
+} GRID_FLOW {
+	int an = in->dim->n;
+	int bn = seed?seed->dim->n:0;
+	int yn = in->dim->v[an-bn-1];
+	int zn = in->dim->prod(an-bn);
+	STACK_ARRAY(T,buf,n/yn);
+	int nn=n;
+	int yzn=yn*zn;
+	for (int i=0; n; i+=zn, data+=yzn, n-=yzn) {
+		if (seed) COPY(buf+i,((Pt<T>)*seed),zn);
+		else CLEAR(buf+i,zn);
+		op->fold(zn,yn,buf+i,data);
+	}
+	out->send(nn/yn,buf);
+} GRID_END
+
+\def void _0_op   (Numop *op ) { this->op  =op;   }
+\def void _0_seed (Grid *seed) { this->seed=seed; }
+\def void initialize (Numop *op) { rb_call_super(argc,argv); this->op=op; }
+\classinfo { IEVAL(rself,"install '#fold',1,1"); }
+\end class GridFold
+
+\class GridScan < GridObject
+struct GridScan : GridObject {
+	\attr Numop *op;
+	\attr PtrGrid seed;
+	\decl void initialize (Numop *op);
+	\decl void _0_op (Numop *op);
+	\decl void _0_seed (Grid *seed);
+	\grin 0
+};
+
+GRID_INLET(GridScan,0) {
+	//{ Dim[*As,B,*Cs]<T>,Dim[*Cs]<T> -> Dim[*As,B,*Cs]<T> }
+	if (seed) SAME_TYPE(in,seed);
+	int an = in->dim->n;
+	int bn = seed?seed->dim->n:0;
+	if (an<=bn) RAISE("minimum 1 more dimension than the right hand");
+	if (seed) SAME_DIM(bn,in->dim,an-bn,seed->dim,0);
+	out=new GridOutlet(this,0,in->dim,in->nt);
+	in->set_factor(in->dim->prod(an-bn-1));
+} GRID_FLOW {
+	int an = in->dim->n;
+	int bn = seed?seed->dim->n:0;
+	int yn = in->dim->v[an-bn-1];
+	int zn = in->dim->prod(an-bn);
+	int factor = in->factor();
+	STACK_ARRAY(T,buf,n);
+	COPY(buf,data,n);
+	if (seed) {
+		for (int i=0; i<n; i+=factor) op->scan(zn,yn,(Pt<T>)*seed,buf+i);
+	} else {
+		STACK_ARRAY(T,seed,zn);
+		CLEAR(seed,zn);
+		for (int i=0; i<n; i+=factor) op->scan(zn,yn,seed,buf+i);
+	}
+	out->send(n,buf);
+} GRID_END
+
+\def void _0_op   (Numop *op ) { this->op  =op;   }
+\def void _0_seed (Grid *seed) { this->seed=seed; }
+\def void initialize (Numop *op) { rb_call_super(argc,argv); this->op = op; }
+\classinfo { IEVAL(rself,"install '#scan',1,1"); }
+\end class GridScan
+
+//****************************************************************
+//{ Dim[*As,C]<T>,Dim[C,*Bs]<T> -> Dim[*As,*Bs]<T> }
+\class GridInner < GridObject
+struct GridInner : GridObject {
+	\attr Numop *op_para;
+	\attr Numop *op_fold;
+	\attr PtrGrid seed;
+	PtrGrid r;
+	PtrGrid r2;
+	GridInner() {}
+	\decl void initialize (Grid *r=0);
+	\decl void _0_op   (Numop *op);
+	\decl void _0_fold (Numop *op);
+	\decl void _0_seed (Grid *seed);
+	\grin 0
+	\grin 1
+};
+
+template <class T> void inner_child_a (Pt<T> buf, Pt<T> data, int rrows, int rcols, int chunk) {
+	Pt<T> bt = buf, dt = data;
+	for (int j=0; j<chunk; j++, bt+=rcols, dt+=rrows) op_put->map(rcols,bt,*dt);
+}
+template <class T, int rcols> void inner_child_b (Pt<T> buf, Pt<T> data, int rrows, int chunk) {
+	Pt<T> bt = buf, dt = data;
+	for (int j=0; j<chunk; j++, bt+=rcols, dt+=rrows) {
+		for (int k=0; k<rcols; k++) bt[k] = *dt;
+	}
+}
+GRID_INLET(GridInner,0) {
+	SAME_TYPE(in,r);
+	SAME_TYPE(in,seed);
+	P<Dim> a = in->dim;
+	P<Dim> b = r->dim;
+	if (a->n<1) RAISE("a: minimum 1 dimension");
+	if (b->n<1) RAISE("b: minimum 1 dimension");
+	if (seed->dim->n != 0) RAISE("seed must be a scalar");
+	int a_last = a->get(a->n-1);
+	int n = a->n+b->n-2;
+	SAME_DIM(1,a,a->n-1,b,0);
+	STACK_ARRAY(int32,v,n);
+	COPY(v,a->v,a->n-1);
+	COPY(v+a->n-1,b->v+1,b->n-1);
+	out=new GridOutlet(this,0,new Dim(n,v),in->nt);
+	in->set_factor(a_last);
+
+	int rrows = in->factor();
+	int rsize = r->dim->prod();
+	int rcols = rsize/rrows;
+	Pt<T> rdata = (Pt<T>)*r;
+	int chunk = GridOutlet::MAX_PACKET_SIZE/rsize;
+	r2=new Grid(new Dim(chunk*rsize),r->nt);
+	Pt<T> buf3 = (Pt<T>)*r2;
+	for (int i=0; i<rrows; i++)
+		for (int j=0; j<chunk; j++)
+			COPY(buf3+(j+i*chunk)*rcols,rdata+i*rcols,rcols);
+} GRID_FLOW {
+	int rrows = in->factor();
+	int rsize = r->dim->prod();
+	int rcols = rsize/rrows;
+	int chunk = GridOutlet::MAX_PACKET_SIZE/rsize;
+	STACK_ARRAY(T,buf ,chunk*rcols);
+	STACK_ARRAY(T,buf2,chunk*rcols);
+	int off = chunk;
+	while (n) {
+		if (chunk*rrows>n) chunk=n/rrows;
+		op_put->map(chunk*rcols,buf2,*(T *)*seed);
+		for (int i=0; i<rrows; i++) {
+			switch (rcols) {
+			case 1:  inner_child_b<T,1>(buf,data+i,rrows,chunk); break;
+			case 2:  inner_child_b<T,2>(buf,data+i,rrows,chunk); break;
+			case 3:  inner_child_b<T,3>(buf,data+i,rrows,chunk); break;
+			case 4:  inner_child_b<T,4>(buf,data+i,rrows,chunk); break;
+			default: inner_child_a(buf,data+i,rrows,rcols,chunk);
+			}
+			op_para->zip(chunk*rcols,buf,(Pt<T>)*r2+i*off*rcols);
+			op_fold->zip(chunk*rcols,buf2,buf);
+		}
+		out->send(chunk*rcols,buf2);
+		n-=chunk*rrows;
+		data+=chunk*rrows;
+	}
+} GRID_FINISH {
+	r2=0;
+} GRID_END
+
+GRID_INPUT(GridInner,1,r) {} GRID_END
+
+\def void initialize (Grid *r) {
+	rb_call_super(argc,argv);
+	this->op_para = op_mul;
+	this->op_fold = op_add;
+	this->seed = new Grid(new Dim(),int32_e,true);
+	this->r    = r ? r : new Grid(new Dim(),int32_e,true);
+}
+
+\def void _0_op   (Numop *op ) { this->op_para=op; }
+\def void _0_fold (Numop *op ) { this->op_fold=op; }
+\def void _0_seed (Grid *seed) { this->seed=seed; }
+\classinfo { IEVAL(rself,"install '#inner',2,1"); }
+\end class GridInner
+
+/* **************************************************************** */
+/*{ Dim[*As]<T>,Dim[*Bs]<T> -> Dim[*As,*Bs]<T> }*/
+\class GridOuter < GridObject
+struct GridOuter : GridObject {
+	\attr Numop *op;
+	PtrGrid r;
+	\decl void initialize (Numop *op, Grid *r=0);
+	\grin 0
+	\grin 1
+};
+
+GRID_INLET(GridOuter,0) {
+	SAME_TYPE(in,r);
+	P<Dim> a = in->dim;
+	P<Dim> b = r->dim;
+	int n = a->n+b->n;
+	STACK_ARRAY(int32,v,n);
+	COPY(v,a->v,a->n);
+	COPY(v+a->n,b->v,b->n);
+	out=new GridOutlet(this,0,new Dim(n,v),in->nt);
+} GRID_FLOW {
+	int b_prod = r->dim->prod();
+	if (b_prod > 4) {
+		STACK_ARRAY(T,buf,b_prod);
+		while (n) {
+			for (int j=0; j<b_prod; j++) buf[j] = *data;
+			op->zip(b_prod,buf,(Pt<T>)*r);
+			out->send(b_prod,buf);
+			data++; n--;
+		}
+		return;
+	}
+	n*=b_prod;
+	Pt<T> buf = ARRAY_NEW(T,n);
+	STACK_ARRAY(T,buf2,b_prod*64);
+	for (int i=0; i<64; i++) COPY(buf2+i*b_prod,(Pt<T>)*r,b_prod);
+	switch (b_prod) {
+	#define Z buf[k++]=data[i]
+	case 1:	for (int i=0,k=0; k<n; i++) {Z;} break;
+	case 2: for (int i=0,k=0; k<n; i++) {Z;Z;} break;
+	case 3:	for (int i=0,k=0; k<n; i++) {Z;Z;Z;} break;
+	case 4:	for (int i=0,k=0; k<n; i++) {Z;Z;Z;Z;} break;
+	default:for (int i=0,k=0; k<n; i++) for (int j=0; j<b_prod; j++, k++) Z;
+	}
+	#undef Z
+	int ch=64*b_prod;
+	int nn=(n/ch)*ch;
+	for (int j=0; j<nn; j+=ch) op->zip(ch,buf+j,buf2);
+	op->zip(n-nn,buf+nn,buf2);
+	out->give(n,buf);
+} GRID_END
+
+GRID_INPUT(GridOuter,1,r) {} GRID_END
+
+\def void initialize (Numop *op, Grid *r) {
+	rb_call_super(argc,argv);
+	this->op = op;
+	this->r = r ? r : new Grid(new Dim(),int32_e,true);
+}
+
+\classinfo { IEVAL(rself,"install '#outer',2,1"); }
+\end class GridOuter
+
+//****************************************************************
+//{ Dim[]<T>,Dim[]<T>,Dim[]<T> -> Dim[A]<T> } or
+//{ Dim[B]<T>,Dim[B]<T>,Dim[B]<T> -> Dim[*As,B]<T> }
+\class GridFor < GridObject
+struct GridFor : GridObject {
+	\attr PtrGrid from;
+	\attr PtrGrid to;
+	\attr PtrGrid step;
+	GridFor () {
+		from.constrain(expect_max_one_dim);
+		to  .constrain(expect_max_one_dim);
+		step.constrain(expect_max_one_dim);
+	}
+	\decl void initialize (Grid *from, Grid *to, Grid *step);
+	\decl void _0_set (Grid *r=0);
+	\decl void _0_bang ();
+	\grin 0 int
+	\grin 1 int
+	\grin 2 int
+	template <class T> void trigger (T bogus);
+};
+
+\def void initialize (Grid *from, Grid *to, Grid *step) {
+	rb_call_super(argc,argv);
+	this->from=from;
+	this->to  =to;
+	this->step=step;
+}
+
+template <class T>
+void GridFor::trigger (T bogus) {
+	int n = from->dim->prod();
+	int32 nn[n+1];
+	STACK_ARRAY(T,x,64*n);
+	Pt<T> fromb = (Pt<T>)*from;
+	Pt<T>   tob = (Pt<T>)*to  ;
+	Pt<T> stepb = (Pt<T>)*step;
+	STACK_ARRAY(T,to2,n);
+	
+	for (int i=step->dim->prod()-1; i>=0; i--)
+		if (!stepb[i]) RAISE("step must not contain zeroes");
+	for (int i=0; i<n; i++) {
+		nn[i] = (tob[i] - fromb[i] + stepb[i] - cmp(stepb[i],(T)0)) / stepb[i];
+		if (nn[i]<0) nn[i]=0;
+		to2[i] = fromb[i]+stepb[i]*nn[i];
+	}
+	P<Dim> d;
+	if (from->dim->n==0) { d = new Dim(*nn); }
+	else { nn[n]=n;        d = new Dim(n+1,nn); }
+	int total = d->prod();
+	out=new GridOutlet(this,0,d,from->nt);
+	if (total==0) return;
+	int k=0;
+	for(int d=0;;d++) {
+		// here d is the dim# to reset; d=n for none
+		for(;d<n;d++) x[k+d]=fromb[d];
+		k+=n;
+		if (k==64*n) {out->send(k,x); k=0; COPY(x,x+63*n,n);}
+		else {                             COPY(x+k,x+k-n,n);}
+		d--;
+		// here d is the dim# to increment
+		for(;;d--) {
+			if (d<0) goto end;
+			x[k+d]+=stepb[d];
+			if (x[k+d]!=to2[d]) break;
+		}
+	}
+	end: if (k) out->send(k,x);
+}
+
+\def void _0_bang () {
+	SAME_TYPE(from,to);
+	SAME_TYPE(from,step);
+	if (!from->dim->equal(to->dim) || !to->dim->equal(step->dim))
+		RAISE("dimension mismatch");
+#define FOO(T) trigger((T)0);
+	TYPESWITCH_NOFLOAT(from->nt,FOO,);
+#undef FOO
+}
+
+\def void _0_set (Grid *r) { from=new Grid(argv[0]); }
+GRID_INPUT(GridFor,2,step) {} GRID_END
+GRID_INPUT(GridFor,1,to) {} GRID_END
+GRID_INPUT(GridFor,0,from) {_0_bang(0,0);} GRID_END
+\classinfo { IEVAL(rself,"install '#for',3,1"); }
+\end class GridFor
+
+//****************************************************************
+\class GridFinished < GridObject
+struct GridFinished : GridObject {
+	\grin 0
+};
+GRID_INLET(GridFinished,0) {
+	in->set_mode(0);
+} GRID_FINISH {
+	Ruby a[] = { INT2NUM(0), bsym._bang };
+	send_out(COUNT(a),a);
+} GRID_END
+\classinfo { IEVAL(rself,"install '#finished',1,1"); }
+\end class GridFinished
+
+\class GridDim < GridObject
+struct GridDim : GridObject {
+	\grin 0
+};
+GRID_INLET(GridDim,0) {
+	GridOutlet out(this,0,new Dim(in->dim->n));
+	out.send(in->dim->n,Pt<int32>(in->dim->v,in->dim->n));
+	in->set_mode(0);
+} GRID_END
+\classinfo { IEVAL(rself,"install '#dim',1,1"); }
+\end class GridDim
+
+\class GridType < GridObject
+struct GridType : GridObject {
+	\grin 0
+};
+GRID_INLET(GridType,0) {
+	Ruby a[] = { INT2NUM(0), SYM(symbol), number_type_table[in->nt].sym };
+	send_out(COUNT(a),a);
+	in->set_mode(0);
+} GRID_END
+\classinfo { IEVAL(rself,"install '#type',1,1"); }
+\end class GridType
+
+//****************************************************************
+//{ Dim[*As]<T>,Dim[B] -> Dim[*Cs]<T> }
+\class GridRedim < GridObject
+struct GridRedim : GridObject {
+	\attr P<Dim> dim;
+	PtrGrid dim_grid;
+	PtrGrid temp; // temp->dim is not of the same shape as dim
+	GridRedim() { dim_grid.constrain(expect_dim_dim_list); }
+	~GridRedim() {}
+	\decl void initialize (Grid *d);
+	\grin 0
+	\grin 1 int32
+};
+
+GRID_INLET(GridRedim,0) {
+	int a = in->dim->prod(), b = dim->prod();
+	if (a<b) temp=new Grid(new Dim(a),in->nt);
+	out=new GridOutlet(this,0,dim,in->nt);
+} GRID_FLOW {
+	int i = in->dex;
+	if (!temp) {
+		int b = dim->prod();
+		int n2 = min(n,b-i);
+		if (n2>0) out->send(n2,data);
+		// discard other values if any
+	} else {
+		int a = in->dim->prod();
+		int n2 = min(n,a-i);
+		COPY((Pt<T>)*temp+i,data,n2);
+		if (n2>0) out->send(n2,data);
+	}
+} GRID_FINISH {
+	if (!!temp) {
+		int a = in->dim->prod(), b = dim->prod();
+		if (a) {
+			for (int i=a; i<b; i+=a) out->send(min(a,b-i),(Pt<T>)*temp);
+		} else {
+			STACK_ARRAY(T,foo,1);
+			foo[0]=0;
+			for (int i=0; i<b; i++) out->send(1,foo);
+		}
+	}
+	temp=0;
+} GRID_END
+
+GRID_INPUT(GridRedim,1,dim_grid) { dim = dim_grid->to_dim(); } GRID_END
+
+\def void initialize (Grid *d) {
+	rb_call_super(argc,argv);
+	dim_grid=d;
+	dim = dim_grid->to_dim();
+}
+
+\classinfo { IEVAL(rself,"install '#redim',2,1"); }
+\end class GridRedim
+
+//****************************************************************
+\class GridJoin < GridObject
+struct GridJoin : GridObject {
+	\attr int which_dim;
+	PtrGrid r;
+	\grin 0
+	\grin 1
+	\decl void initialize (int which_dim=-1, Grid *r=0);
+};
+
+GRID_INLET(GridJoin,0) {
+	NOTEMPTY(r);
+	SAME_TYPE(in,r);
+	P<Dim> d = in->dim;
+	if (d->n != r->dim->n) RAISE("wrong number of dimensions");
+	int w = which_dim;
+	if (w<0) w+=d->n;
+	if (w<0 || w>=d->n)
+		RAISE("can't join on dim number %d on %d-dimensional grids",
+			which_dim,d->n);
+	STACK_ARRAY(int32,v,d->n);
+	for (int i=0; i<d->n; i++) {
+		v[i] = d->get(i);
+		if (i==w) {
+			v[i]+=r->dim->v[i];
+		} else {
+			if (v[i]!=r->dim->v[i]) RAISE("dimensions mismatch: dim #%i, left is %d, right is %d",i,v[i],r->dim->v[i]);
+		}
+	}
+	out=new GridOutlet(this,0,new Dim(d->n,v),in->nt);
+	if (d->prod(w)) in->set_factor(d->prod(w));
+} GRID_FLOW {
+	int w = which_dim;
+	if (w<0) w+=in->dim->n;
+	int a = in->factor();
+	int b = r->dim->prod(w);
+	Pt<T> data2 = (Pt<T>)*r + in->dex*b/a;
+	if (a==3 && b==1) {
+		int m = n+n*b/a;
+		STACK_ARRAY(T,data3,m);
+		Pt<T> data4 = data3;
+		while (n) {
+			SCOPY(data4,data,3); SCOPY(data4+3,data2,1);
+			n-=3; data+=3; data2+=1; data4+=4;
+		}
+		out->send(m,data3);
+	} else if (a+b<=16) {
+		int m = n+n*b/a;
+		STACK_ARRAY(T,data3,m);
+		int i=0;
+		while (n) {
+			COPY(data3+i,data,a); data+=a; i+=a; n-=a;
+			COPY(data3+i,data2,b); data2+=b; i+=b;
+		}
+		out->send(m,data3);
+	} else {
+		while (n) {
+			out->send(a,data);
+			out->send(b,data2);
+			data+=a; data2+=b; n-=a;
+		}
+	}
+} GRID_FINISH {
+	if (in->dim->prod()==0) out->send(r->dim->prod(),(Pt<T>)*r);
+} GRID_END
+
+GRID_INPUT(GridJoin,1,r) {} GRID_END
+
+\def void initialize (int which_dim, Grid *r) {
+	rb_call_super(argc,argv);
+	this->which_dim = which_dim;
+	if (r) this->r=r;
+}
+
+\classinfo { IEVAL(rself,"install '@join',2,1"); }
+\end class GridJoin
+
+//****************************************************************
+\class GridGrade < GridObject
+struct GridGrade : GridObject {
+	\grin 0
+};
+
+template <class T> struct GradeFunction {
+	static int comparator (const void *a, const void *b) {
+		return **(T**)a - **(T**)b;}};
+#define FOO(S) \
+template <> struct GradeFunction<S> { \
+	static int comparator (const void *a, const void *b) { \
+		S x = **(S**)a - **(S**)b; \
+		return x<0 ? -1 : x>0;}};
+FOO(int64)
+FOO(float32)
+FOO(float64)
+#undef FOO
+
+GRID_INLET(GridGrade,0) {
+	out=new GridOutlet(this,0,in->dim,in->nt);
+	in->set_factor(in->dim->get(in->dim->n-1));
+} GRID_FLOW {
+	int m = in->factor();
+	STACK_ARRAY(T*,foo,m);
+	STACK_ARRAY(T,bar,m);
+	for (; n; n-=m,data+=m) {
+		for (int i=0; i<m; i++) foo[i] = &data[i];
+		qsort(foo,m,sizeof(T),GradeFunction<T>::comparator);
+		for (int i=0; i<m; i++) bar[i] = foo[i]-(T *)data;
+		out->send(m,bar);
+	}
+} GRID_END
+
+\classinfo { IEVAL(rself,"install '#grade',1,1"); }
+\end class GridGrade
+
+//****************************************************************
+//\class GridMedian < GridObject
+//****************************************************************
+
+\class GridTranspose < GridObject
+struct GridTranspose : GridObject {
+	\attr int dim1;
+	\attr int dim2;
+	int d1,d2,na,nb,nc,nd; // temporaries
+	\decl void initialize (int dim1=0, int dim2=1);
+	\decl void _1_float (int dim1);
+	\decl void _2_float (int dim2);
+	\grin 0
+};
+
+\def void _1_float (int dim1) { this->dim1=dim1; }
+\def void _2_float (int dim2) { this->dim2=dim2; }
+
+GRID_INLET(GridTranspose,0) {
+	STACK_ARRAY(int32,v,in->dim->n);
+	COPY(v,in->dim->v,in->dim->n);
+	d1=dim1; d2=dim2;
+	if (d1<0) d1+=in->dim->n;
+	if (d2<0) d2+=in->dim->n;
+	if (d1>=in->dim->n || d2>=in->dim->n || d1<0 || d2<0)
+		RAISE("would swap dimensions %d and %d but this grid has only %d dimensions",
+			dim1,dim2,in->dim->n);
+	memswap(v+d1,v+d2,1);
+	if (d1==d2) {
+		out=new GridOutlet(this,0,new Dim(in->dim->n,v), in->nt);
+	} else {
+		nd = in->dim->prod(1+max(d1,d2));
+		nc = in->dim->v[max(d1,d2)];
+		nb = in->dim->prod(1+min(d1,d2))/nc/nd;
+		na = in->dim->v[min(d1,d2)];
+		out=new GridOutlet(this,0,new Dim(in->dim->n,v), in->nt);
+		in->set_factor(na*nb*nc*nd);
+	}
+	// Turns a Grid[*,na,*nb,nc,*nd] into a Grid[*,nc,*nb,na,*nd].
+} GRID_FLOW {
+	STACK_ARRAY(T,res,na*nb*nc*nd);
+	if (dim1==dim2) { out->send(n,data); return; }
+	for (; n; n-=na*nb*nc*nd, data+=na*nb*nc*nd) {
+		for (int a=0; a<na; a++)
+			for (int b=0; b<nb; b++)
+				for (int c=0; c<nc; c++)
+					COPY(res +((c*nb+b)*na+a)*nd,
+					     data+((a*nb+b)*nc+c)*nd,nd);
+		out->send(na*nb*nc*nd,res);
+	}
+} GRID_END
+
+\def void initialize (int dim1=0, int dim2=1) {
+	rb_call_super(argc,argv);
+	this->dim1 = dim1;
+	this->dim2 = dim2;
+}
+
+\classinfo { IEVAL(rself,"install '#transpose',3,1"); }
+\end class GridTranspose
+
+//****************************************************************
+\class GridReverse < GridObject
+struct GridReverse : GridObject {
+	\attr int dim1; // dimension to act upon
+	int d; // temporaries
+	\decl void initialize (int dim1=0);
+	\decl void _1_float (int dim1);
+	\grin 0
+};
+
+\def void _1_float (int dim1) { this->dim1=dim1; }
+
+GRID_INLET(GridReverse,0) {
+	d=dim1;
+	if (d<0) d+=in->dim->n;
+	if (d>=in->dim->n || d<0)
+		RAISE("would reverse dimension %d but this grid has only %d dimensions",
+			dim1,in->dim->n);
+	out=new GridOutlet(this,0,new Dim(in->dim->n,in->dim->v), in->nt);
+	in->set_factor(in->dim->prod(d));
+} GRID_FLOW {
+	int f1=in->factor(), f2=in->dim->prod(d+1);
+	while (n) {
+		int hf1=f1/2;
+		Pt<T> data2 = data+f1-f2;
+		for (int i=0; i<hf1; i+=f2) memswap(data+i,data2-i,f2);
+		out->send(f1,data);
+		data+=f1; n-=f1;
+	}
+} GRID_END
+
+\def void initialize (int dim1=0) {
+	rb_call_super(argc,argv);
+	this->dim1 = dim1;
+}
+
+\classinfo { IEVAL(rself,"install '#reverse',2,1"); }
+\end class GridReverse
+
+//****************************************************************
+\class GridCentroid2 < GridObject
+struct GridCentroid2 : GridObject {
+	\decl void initialize ();
+	\grin 0 int
+	int sumx,sumy,sum,y; // temporaries
+};
+
+GRID_INLET(GridCentroid2,0) {
+	if (in->dim->n != 3) RAISE("expecting 3 dims");
+	if (in->dim->v[2] != 1) RAISE("expecting 1 channel");
+	in->set_factor(in->dim->prod(1));
+	out=new GridOutlet(this,0,new Dim(2), in->nt);
+	sumx=0; sumy=0; sum=0; y=0;
+} GRID_FLOW {
+	int sx = in->dim->v[1];
+	while (n) {
+		for (int x=0; x<sx; x++) {
+			sumx+=x*data[x];
+			sumy+=y*data[x];
+			sum +=  data[x];
+		}
+		n-=sx;
+		data+=sx;
+		y++;
+	}
+} GRID_FINISH {
+	STACK_ARRAY(int32,blah,2);
+	blah[0] = sum ? sumy/sum : 0;
+	blah[1] = sum ? sumx/sum : 0;
+	out->send(2,blah);
+} GRID_END
+
+\def void initialize () {
+	rb_call_super(argc,argv);
+}
+
+\classinfo { IEVAL(rself,"install '#centroid2',1,1"); }
+\end class GridCentroid2
+
+//****************************************************************
+\class GridPerspective < GridObject
+struct GridPerspective : GridObject {
+	\attr int32 z;
+	\grin 0
+	\decl void initialize (int32 z=256);
+};
+
+GRID_INLET(GridPerspective,0) {
+	int n = in->dim->n;
+	STACK_ARRAY(int32,v,n);
+	COPY(v,in->dim->v,n);
+	v[n-1]--;
+	in->set_factor(in->dim->get(in->dim->n-1));
+	out=new GridOutlet(this,0,new Dim(n,v),in->nt);
+} GRID_FLOW {
+	int m = in->factor();
+	for (; n; n-=m,data+=m) {
+		op_mul->map(m-1,data,(T)z);
+		op_div->map(m-1,data,data[m-1]);
+		out->send(m-1,data);
+	}	
+} GRID_END
+
+\def void initialize (int32 z) {rb_call_super(argc,argv); this->z=z; }
+\classinfo { IEVAL(rself,"install '#perspective',1,1"); }
+\end class GridPerspective
+
+static Numop *OP(Ruby x) { return FIX2PTR(Numop,rb_hash_aref(op_dict,x)); }
+
+void startup_flow_objects () {
+	op_add = OP(SYM(+));
+	op_sub = OP(SYM(-));
+	op_mul = OP(SYM(*));
+	op_shl = OP(SYM(<<));
+	op_mod = OP(SYM(%));
+	op_and = OP(SYM(&));
+	op_div = OP(SYM(/));
+	op_put = OP(SYM(put));
+	\startall
+}
diff --git a/externals/gridflow/base/flow_objects.rb b/externals/gridflow/base/flow_objects.rb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6ea06c56
--- /dev/null
+++ b/externals/gridflow/base/flow_objects.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,1476 @@
+=begin
+	$Id: flow_objects.rb,v 1.1 2005-10-04 02:02:13 matju Exp $
+
+	GridFlow
+	Copyright (c) 2001,2002,2003,2004 by Mathieu Bouchard
+
+	This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+	modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
+	as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
+	of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+
+	See file ../COPYING for further informations on licensing terms.
+
+	This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+	but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+	MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+	GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+	You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+	along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+	Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
+=end
+
+module GridFlow
+
+#-------- fClasses for: control + misc
+
+# a dummy class that gives access to any stuff global to GridFlow.
+FObject.subclass("gridflow",1,1) {
+	def _0_profiler_reset
+		GridFlow.fobjects.each {|o,*| o.total_time = 0 }
+		GridFlow.profiler_reset2 if GridFlow.respond_to? :profiler_reset2
+	end
+	def _0_profiler_dump
+		ol = []
+		total=0
+		post "-"*32
+		post "microseconds percent pointer  constructor"
+		GridFlow.fobjects.each {|o,*| ol.push o }
+
+		# HACK: BitPacking is not a real fobject
+		# !@#$ is this still necessary?
+		ol.delete_if {|o| not o.respond_to? :total_time }
+
+		ol.sort! {|a,b| a.total_time <=> b.total_time }
+		ol.each {|o| total += o.total_time }
+		total=1 if total<1
+		total_us = 0
+		ol.each {|o|
+			ppm = o.total_time * 1000000 / total
+			us = (o.total_time*1E6/GridFlow.cpu_hertz).to_i
+			total_us += us
+			post "%12d %2d.%04d %08x %s", us,
+				ppm/10000, ppm%10000, o.object_id, o.args
+		}
+		post "-"*32
+		post "sum of accounted microseconds: #{total_us}"
+		if GridFlow.respond_to? :memcpy_calls then
+			post "memcpy calls: #{GridFlow.memcpy_calls} "+
+				"; bytes: #{GridFlow.memcpy_bytes}"+
+				"; time: #{GridFlow.memcpy_time}"
+		end
+		if GridFlow.respond_to? :malloc_calls then
+			post "malloc calls: #{GridFlow.malloc_calls} "+
+				"; bytes: #{GridFlow.malloc_bytes}"+
+				"; time: #{GridFlow.malloc_time}"
+		end
+		post "-"*32
+	end
+	def _0_formats
+		post "-"*32
+		GridFlow.fclasses.each {|k,v|
+			next if not /#in:/ =~ k
+			modes = case v.flags
+			when 2; "#out"
+			when 4; "#in"
+			when 6; "#in/#out"
+			end
+			post "%s %s: %s", modes, k, v.description
+			if v.respond_to? :info then
+				post "-> %s", v.info
+			end
+		}
+		post "-"*32
+	end
+	# security issue if patches shouldn't be allowed to do anything they want
+	def _0_eval(*l)
+		s = l.map{|x|x.to_i.chr}.join""
+		post "ruby: %s", s
+		post "returns: %s", eval(s).inspect
+	end
+	add_creator "@global"
+	GridFlow.bind "gridflow", "gridflow" rescue Exception
+}
+FObject.subclass("fps",1,1) {
+	def initialize(*options)
+		super
+		@history = []   # list of delays between incoming messages
+		@last = 0.0     # when was last time
+		@duration = 0.0 # how much delay since last summary
+		@period = 1     # minimum delay between summaries
+		@detailed = false
+		@mode = :real
+		options.each {|o|
+			case o
+			when :detailed; @detailed=true
+			when :real,:user,:system,:cpu; @mode=o
+			end
+		}
+		def @history.moment(n=1)
+			sum = 0
+			each {|x| sum += x**n }
+			sum/length
+		end
+	end
+	def method_missing(*a) end # ignore non-bangs
+	def _0_period x; @period=x end
+	def publish
+		@history.sort!
+		n=@history.length
+		fps = @history.length/@duration
+		if not @detailed then send_out 0, fps; return end
+		send_out 0, fps,
+			1000*@history.min,
+			500*(@history[n/2]+@history[(n-1)/2]),
+			1000*@history.max,
+			1000/fps,
+			1000*(@history.moment(2) - @history.moment(1)**2)**0.5
+	end
+	def _0_bang
+		t = case @mode
+		when :real; Time.new.to_f
+		when :user; Process.times.utime
+		when :system; Process.times.stime
+		when :cpu; GridFlow.rdtsc/GridFlow.cpu_hertz
+		end
+		@history.push t-@last
+		@duration += t-@last
+		@last = t
+		return if @duration<@period
+		fps = @history.length/@duration
+		publish if fps>0.001
+		@history.clear
+		@duration = 0
+	end
+}
+
+# to see what the messages look like when they get on the Ruby side.
+FObject.subclass("rubyprint",1,0) {
+	def initialize(*a)
+		super
+		@time = !!(a.length and a[0]==:time)
+	end
+
+	def method_missing(s,*a)
+		s=s.to_s
+		pre = if @time then sprintf "%10.6f  ", Time.new.to_f else "" end
+		case s
+		when /^_0_/; post "%s","#{pre}#{s[3..-1]}: #{a.inspect}"
+		else super
+		end
+	end
+}
+FObject.subclass("printargs",0,0) {
+	def initialize(*a) super; post a.inspect end
+}
+GridObject.subclass("#print",1,0) {
+	install_rgrid 0, true
+	attr_accessor :name
+	def initialize(name=nil)
+		super # don't forget super!!!
+		if name then @name = name.to_s+": " else @name="" end
+		@base=10; @format="d"; @trunc=70; @maxrows=50
+	end
+	def end_hook; end # other hijackability
+	def format
+		case @nt
+		when :float32; '%6.6f'
+		when :float64; '%14.14f'
+		else "%#{@columns}#{@format}" end
+	end
+	def _0_base(x)
+		@format = (case x
+		when 2; "b"
+		when 8; "o"
+		when 10; "d"
+		when 16; "x"
+		else raise "base #{x} not supported" end)
+		@base = x
+	end
+	def _0_trunc(x)
+		x=x.to_f
+		(0..240)===x or raise "out of range (not in 0..240 range)"
+		@trunc = x
+	end
+	def _0_maxrows(x) @maxrows = x.to_i end
+	def make_columns udata
+		min = udata.min
+		max = udata.max
+		@columns = "" # huh?
+		@columns = [
+			sprintf(format,min).length,
+			sprintf(format,max).length].max
+	end
+	def unpack data
+		ps = GridFlow.packstring_for_nt @nt
+		data.unpack ps
+	end
+	def _0_rgrid_begin
+		@dim = inlet_dim 0
+		@nt = inlet_nt 0
+		@data = ""
+	end
+	def _0_rgrid_flow(data) @data << data end
+	def _0_rgrid_end
+		head = "#{name}Dim[#{@dim.join','}]"
+		head << "(#{@nt})" if @nt!=:int32
+		head << ": "
+		if @dim.length > 3 then
+			post head+" (not printed)"
+		elsif @dim.length < 2 then
+			udata = unpack @data
+			make_columns udata
+			post trunc(head + dump(udata))
+		elsif @dim.length == 2 then
+			post head
+			udata = unpack @data
+			make_columns udata
+			sz = udata.length/@dim[0]
+			rown = 1
+			for row in 0...@dim[0] do
+				post trunc(dump(udata[sz*row,sz]))
+				rown += 1
+				(post "..."; break) if rown>@maxrows
+			end
+		elsif @dim.length == 3 then
+			post head
+			make_columns unpack(@data)
+			sz = @data.length/@dim[0]
+			sz2 = sz/@dim[1]
+			rown = 1
+			for row in 0...@dim[0]
+				column=0; str=""
+				for col in 0...@dim[1]
+					str << "(" << dump(unpack(@data[sz*row+sz2*col,sz2])) << ")"
+					break if str.length>@trunc
+				end
+				post trunc(str)
+				rown += 1
+				(post "..."; break) if rown>@maxrows
+			end
+		end
+		@data,@dim,@nt = nil
+		end_hook
+	end
+	def dump(udata,sep=" ")
+		f = format
+		udata.map{|x| sprintf f,x }.join sep
+	end
+	def trunc s
+		if s.length>@trunc then s[0...@trunc]+" [...]" else s end
+	end
+}
+GridPack =
+GridObject.subclass("#pack",1,1) {
+	install_rgrid 0
+	class<<self;attr_reader :ninlets;end
+	def initialize(n=nil,cast=:int32)
+		n||=self.class.ninlets
+		n>=16 and raise "too many inlets"
+		super
+		@data=[0]*n
+		@cast=cast
+		@ps  =GridFlow.packstring_for_nt cast
+	end
+	def initialize2
+		return if self.class.ninlets>1
+		add_inlets @data.length-1
+	end
+	def _0_cast(cast)
+		@ps   = GridFlow.packstring_for_nt cast
+		@cast = cast
+	end
+	def self.define_inlet i
+		module_eval "
+			def _#{i}_int   x; @data[#{i}]=x; _0_bang; end
+			def _#{i}_float x; @data[#{i}]=x; _0_bang; end
+		"
+	end
+	(0...15).each {|x| define_inlet x }
+	def _0_bang
+		send_out_grid_begin 0, [@data.length], @cast
+		send_out_grid_flow 0, @data.pack(@ps), @cast
+	end
+	self
+}
+
+# the install_rgrids in the following are hacks so that
+# outlets can work. (install_rgrid is supposed to be for receiving)
+# maybe GF-0.8 doesn't need that.
+GridPack.subclass("@two",  2,1) { install_rgrid 0 }
+GridPack.subclass("@three",3,1) { install_rgrid 0 }
+GridPack.subclass("@four", 4,1) { install_rgrid 0 }
+GridPack.subclass("@eight",8,1) { install_rgrid 0 }
+GridObject.subclass("#unpack",1,0) {
+  install_rgrid 0, true
+  def initialize(n)
+    @n=n
+    n>=10 and raise "too many outlets"
+    super
+  end
+  def initialize2; add_outlets @n end
+  def _0_rgrid_begin
+    inlet_dim(0)==[@n] or raise "expecting Dim[#{@n}], got Dim#{@dim}"
+    inlet_set_factor 0,@n
+  end
+  def _0_rgrid_flow data
+    @ps = GridFlow.packstring_for_nt inlet_nt(0)
+    duh = data.unpack(@ps)
+    i=duh.size-1
+    until i<0 do send_out i,duh[i]; i-=1 end
+  end
+  def _0_rgrid_end; end
+}
+
+GridObject.subclass("#export_symbol",1,1) {
+	install_rgrid 0
+	def _0_rgrid_begin; @data="" end
+	def _0_rgrid_flow data; @data << data; end
+	def _0_rgrid_end
+		send_out 0, :symbol, @data.unpack("I*").pack("c*").intern
+	end
+}
+GridObject.subclass("unix_time",1,3) {
+  install_rgrid 0
+  def _0_bang
+    t = Time.new
+    tt = t.to_s
+    send_out_grid_begin 0, [tt.length], :uint8
+    send_out_grid_flow 0, tt, :uint8
+    send_out 1, t.to_i
+    send_out 2, t.to_f-t.to_f.floor
+  end
+}
+### test with "shell xlogo &" -> [exec]
+FObject.subclass("exec",1,0) {
+        def _0_shell(*a) system(a.map!{|x| x.to_s }.join(" ")) end
+}
+FObject.subclass("renamefile",1,0) {
+        def initialize; end
+        def _0_list(a,b) File.rename(a.to_s,b.to_s) end
+}
+FObject.subclass("ls",1,1) {
+        def _0_symbol(s) send_out 0, :list, *Dir.new(s.to_s).map {|x| x.intern } end
+}
+
+#-------- fClasses for: math
+
+FPatcher.subclass("gfmessagebox",1,1) {
+  def initialize(*a) @a=a end
+  def _0_float(x)  send_out 0, *@a.map {|y| if y=="$1".intern then x else y end } end
+  def _0_symbol(x) send_out 0, *@a.map {|y| if y=="$1".intern then x else y end } end
+}
+
+FPatcher.subclass("@!",1,1) {
+  @fobjects = ["# +","#type","gfmessagebox list $1 #"]
+  @wires = [-1,0,1,0, 1,0,2,0, 2,0,0,1, -1,0,0,0, 0,0,-1,0]
+  def initialize(sym)
+	super
+	@fobjects[0].send_in 0, case sym
+		when :rand; "op rand"; when :sqrt; "op sqrt"
+		when :abs;  "op abs-"; when :sq;   "op sq-"
+		else raise "bork BORK bork" end
+  end
+}
+FPatcher.subclass("@fold",2,1) {
+  @fobjects = ["#fold +","gfmessagebox seed $1"]
+  @wires = [-1,0,0,0, -1,1,1,0, 1,0,0,1, 0,0,-1,0]
+  def initialize(op,seed=0) super; o=@fobjects[0]
+	o.send_in 0, :op, op; o.send_in 0, :seed, seed end
+}
+FPatcher.subclass("@scan",2,1) {
+  @fobjects = ["#scan +","gfmessagebox seed $1"]
+  @wires = [-1,0,0,0, -1,1,1,0, 1,0,0,1, 0,0,-1,0]
+  def initialize(op,seed=0) super; o=@fobjects[0]
+	o.send_in 0, :op, op; o.send_in 0, :seed, seed end
+}
+FPatcher.subclass("@inner",3,1) {
+  @fobjects = ["#inner","gfmessagebox seed $1"]
+  @wires = [-1,0,0,0, -1,1,1,0, 1,0,0,0, 0,0,-1,0, -1,2,0,1]
+  def initialize(op=:*,fold=:+,seed=0,r=0) super; o=@fobjects[0]
+	o.send_in 0, :op, op; o.send_in 0, :fold, fold
+	o.send_in 0, :seed, seed; o.send_in 1, r end
+}
+FPatcher.subclass("@convolve",2,1) {
+  @fobjects = ["#convolve"]
+  @wires = [-1,0,0,0, -1,2,0,1, 0,0,-1,0]
+  def initialize(op=:*,fold=:+,seed=0,r=0) super; o=@fobjects[0]
+	o.send_in 0, :op, op; o.send_in 0, :fold, fold
+	o.send_in 0, :seed, seed; o.send_in 1, r end
+}
+
+#-------- fClasses for: video
+
+FPatcher.subclass("@scale_to",2,1) {
+	@fobjects = [
+		"@for {0 0} {42 42} {1 1}","@ *","@ /",
+		"@store","#dim","@redim {2}","#finished",
+	]
+	@wires = []
+	for i in 1..3 do @wires.concat [i-1,0,i,0] end
+	@wires.concat [3,0,-1,0, 4,0,5,0, 5,0,1,1, 6,0,0,0,
+		-1,0,4,0, -1,0,3,1, -1,0,6,0, -1,1,0,1, -1,1,2,1]
+	def initialize(size)
+		(size.length==2 and Numeric===size[0] and Numeric===size[1]) or
+			raise "expecting {height width}"
+		super
+		send_in 1, size
+	end
+}
+
+#<vektor> told me to:
+# RGBtoYUV : @fobjects = ["#inner ( 3 3 # 66 -38 112 128 -74 -94 25 112 -18 )",
+#	"@ >> 8","@ + {16 128 128}"]
+# YUVtoRGB : @fobjects = ["@ - ( 16 128 128 )",
+#	"#inner ( 3 3 # 298 298 298 0 -100 516 409 -208 0 )","@ >> 8"]
+
+FPatcher.subclass("#rotate",2,1) {
+	@fobjects = ["@inner * + 0","@ >> 8"]
+	@wires = [-1,0,0,0, 0,0,1,0, 1,0,-1,0]
+	def update_rotator
+		rotator = (0...@axis[2]).map {|i|
+			(0...@axis[2]).map {|j|
+				if i==j then 256 else 0 end
+			}
+		}
+		th = @angle * Math::PI / 18000
+		scale = 1<<8
+		(0...2).each {|i|
+			(0...2).each {|j|
+				rotator[@axis[i]][@axis[j]] =
+					(scale*Math.cos(th+(j-i)*Math::PI/2)).to_i
+			}
+		}
+		@fobjects[0].send_in 2,
+			@axis[2], @axis[2], "#".intern, *rotator.flatten
+	end
+	def _0_axis(from,to,total)
+		total>=0 or raise "total-axis number incorrect"
+		from>=0 and from<total or raise "from-axis number incorrect"
+		to  >=0 and to  <total or raise   "to-axis number incorrect"
+		@axis = [from,to,total]
+		update_rotator
+	end
+	def initialize(rot=0,axis=[0,1,2])
+		super
+		@angle=0
+		_0_axis(*axis)
+		send_in 1, rot
+	end
+	def _1_int(angle) @angle = angle; update_rotator end
+	alias _1_float _1_int
+}
+
+FObject.subclass("foreach",1,1) {
+	def initialize() super end
+	def _0_list(*a)
+		a.each {|e|
+			if Symbol===e then
+				send_out 0,:symbol,e
+			else
+				send_out 0,e
+			end
+		}
+	end
+}
+FObject.subclass("listflatten",1,1) {
+	def initialize() super end
+	def _0_list(*a) send_out 0,:list,*a.flatten end
+}
+FObject.subclass("rubysprintf",2,1) {
+  def initialize(*format) _1_list(format) end
+  def _0_list(*a) send_out 0, :symbol, (sprintf @format, *a).intern end
+  alias _0_float _0_list
+  alias _0_symbol _0_list
+  def _1_list(*format) @format = format.join(" ") end
+  alias _1_symbol _1_list
+}
+
+#-------- fClasses for: jMax compatibility
+
+class JMaxUDPSend < FObject
+	def initialize(host,port)
+		super
+		@socket = UDPSocket.new
+		@host,@port = host.to_s,port.to_i
+	end
+	def encode(x)
+		case x
+		when Integer; "\x03" + [x].pack("N")
+		when Float; "\x04" + [x].pack("g")
+		when Symbol, String; "\x01" + x.to_s + "\x02"
+		end
+	end
+	def method_missing(sel,*args)
+		sel=sel.to_s.sub(/^_\d_/, "")
+		@socket.send encode(sel) +
+			args.map{|arg| encode(arg) }.join("") + "\x0b",
+			0, @host, @port
+	end
+	def delete; @socket.close end
+	install "jmax_udpsend", 1, 0
+end
+
+class JMaxUDPReceive < FObject
+	def initialize(port)
+		super
+		@socket = UDPSocket.new
+		@port = port.to_i
+		@socket.bind nil, @port
+		@clock = Clock.new self
+		@clock.delay 0
+	end
+	def decode s
+		n = s.length
+		i=0
+		m = []
+		case s[i]
+		when 3; i+=5; m << s[i-4,4].unpack("N")[0]
+		when 4; i+=5; m << s[i-4,4].unpack("g")[0]
+		when 1; i2=s.index("\x02",i); m << s[i+1..i2-1].intern; i=i2+1
+		when 11; break
+		else raise "unknown code in udp packet"
+		end while i<n
+		m
+	end
+	def call
+		ready_to_read = IO.select [@socket],[],[],0
+		return if not ready_to_read
+		data,sender = @socket.recvfrom 1024
+		return if not data
+		send_out 1, sender.map {|x| x=x.intern if String===x; x }
+		send_out 0, *(decode data)
+		@clock.delay 50
+	end
+	def delete; @clock.unset; @socket.close end
+	install "jmax_udpreceive", 0, 2
+end
+
+class JMax4UDPSend < FObject
+	def initialize(host,port)
+		super
+		@socket = UDPSocket.new
+		@host,@port = host.to_s,port.to_i
+		@symbols = {}
+	end
+	def encode(x)
+		case x
+		when Integer; "\x01" + [x].pack("N")
+		when Float; "\x02" + [x].pack("G")
+		when Symbol, String
+			x = x.to_s
+			y = x.intern
+			if not @symbols[y]
+				@symbols[y]=true
+				"\x04" + [y].pack("N") + x + "\0"
+			else
+				"\x03" + [y].pack("N")
+			end
+		end
+	end
+	def method_missing(sel,*args)
+		sel=sel.to_s.sub(/^_\d_/, "")
+		sel=(case sel; when "int","float"; ""; else encode(sel) end)
+		args=args.map{|arg| encode(arg) }.join("")
+		@socket.send(sel+args+"\x0f", 0, @host, @port)
+	end
+	def delete; @socket.close end
+	install "jmax4_udpsend", 1, 0
+end
+
+class JMax4UDPReceive < FObject
+	def initialize(port)
+		super
+		@socket = UDPSocket.new
+		@port = port.to_i
+		@socket.bind nil, @port
+		@clock = Clock.new self
+		@clock.delay 0
+		@symbols = {}
+	end
+	def decode s
+		n = s.length
+		i=0
+		m = []
+		case s[i]
+		when 1; i+=5; m << s[i-4,4].unpack("N")[0]
+		when 2; i+=9; m << s[i-8,8].unpack("G")[0]
+		when 3
+			i+=5; sid = s[i-4,4].unpack("N")[0]
+			m << @symbols[sid]
+		when 4
+			i+=5; sid = s[i-4,4].unpack("N")[0]
+			i2=s.index("\x00",i)
+			@symbols[sid] = s[i..i2-1].intern
+			m << @symbols[sid]
+			i=i2+1
+		when 15; break
+		else post "unknown code %d in udp packet %s", s[i], s.inspect; return m
+		end while i<n
+		m
+	end
+	def call
+		ready_to_read = IO.select [@socket],[],[],0
+		return if not ready_to_read
+		data,sender = @socket.recvfrom 1024
+		return if not data
+		send_out 1, sender.map {|x| x=x.intern if String===x; x }
+		send_out 0, *(decode data)
+		@clock.delay 50
+	end
+	def delete; @clock.unset; @socket.close end
+	install "jmax4_udpreceive", 0, 2
+end
+
+class PDNetSocket < FObject
+	def initialize(host,port,protocol=:udp,*options)
+		super
+		_1_connect(host,port,protocol)
+		@options = {}
+		options.each {|k|
+			k=k.intern if String===k
+			@options[k]=true
+		}
+	end
+	def _1_connect(host,port,protocol=:udp)
+		host = host.to_s
+		port = port.to_i
+		@host,@port,@protocol = host.to_s,port.to_i,protocol
+		case protocol
+		when :udp
+			@socket = UDPSocket.new
+			if host=="-" then
+				@socket.bind nil, port
+			end
+		when :tcp
+			if host=="-" then
+				@server = TCPServer.new("localhost",port)
+			else
+				@socket = TCPSocket.new(host,port)
+			end
+			
+		end
+		@clock = Clock.new self
+		@clock.delay 0
+		@data = ""
+	end
+	def encode(x)
+		x=x.to_i if @options[:nofloat] and Float===x
+		x.to_s
+	end
+	def method_missing(sel,*args)
+		sel=sel.to_s
+		sel.sub!(/^_\d_/, "") or return super
+		sel=(case sel; when "int","float"; ""; else encode(sel) end)
+		msg = [sel,*args.map{|arg| encode(arg) }].join(" ")
+		if @options[:nosemicolon] then msg << "\n" else msg << ";\n" end
+		post "encoding as: %s", msg.inspect if @options[:debug]
+		case @protocol
+		when :udp; @socket.send msg, 0, @host, @port
+		when :tcp; @socket.send msg, 0
+		end
+	end
+	def delete; @clock.unset; @socket.close end
+	def decode s
+		post "decoding from: %s", s.inspect if @options[:debug]
+		s.chomp!("\n")
+		s.chomp!("\r")
+		s.chomp!(";")
+		a=s.split(/[\s\0]+/)
+		a.shift if a[0]==""
+		a.map {|x|
+			case x
+			when /-?\d+$/; x.to_i
+			when /-?\d/; x.to_f
+			else x.intern
+			end
+		}
+	end
+	def call
+		ready_to_accept = IO.select [@server],[],[],0 if @server
+		if ready_to_accept
+			@socket.close if @socket
+			@socket = @server.accept
+		end
+		ready_to_read = IO.select [@socket],[],[],0 if @socket
+		return if not ready_to_read
+		case @protocol
+		when :udp
+			data,sender = @socket.recvfrom 1024
+			send_out 1, sender.map {|x| x=x.intern if String===x; x }
+			send_out 0, *(decode data)
+		when :tcp
+			@data << @socket.sysread(1024)
+			sender = @socket.peeraddr
+			loop do
+				n = /\n/ =~ @data
+				break if not n
+				send_out 1, sender.map {|x| x=x.intern if String===x; x }
+				send_out 0, *(decode @data.slice!(0..n))
+			end
+		end
+		@clock.delay 50
+	end
+	install "pd_netsocket", 2, 2
+end
+
+PDNetSocket.subclass("pd_netsend",1,0) {}
+PDNetSocket.subclass("pd_netreceive",0,2) {
+	def initialize(port) super("-",port) end
+}
+
+# bogus class for representing objects that have no recognized class.
+FObject.subclass("broken",0,0) {
+	def args; a=@args.dup; a[7,0] = " "+classname; a end
+}
+
+FObject.subclass("fork",1,2) {
+  def method_missing(sel,*args)
+    sel.to_s =~ /^_(\d)_(.*)$/ or super
+	send_out 1,$2.intern,*args
+	send_out 0,$2.intern,*args
+  end
+}
+FObject.subclass("shunt",2,0) {
+	def initialize(n=2,i=0) super; @n=n; @i=i end
+	def initialize2; add_outlets @n end
+	def method_missing(sel,*args)
+		sel.to_s =~ /^_(\d)_(.*)$/ or super
+		send_out @i,$2.intern,*args
+	end
+	def _1_int i; @i=i.to_i % @n end
+	alias :_1_float :_1_int
+	# hack: this is an alias.
+	class Demux < self; install "demux", 2, 0; end
+}
+
+#-------- fClasses for: jmax2pd
+
+	FObject.subclass("button",1,1) {
+		def method_missing(*) send_out 0 end
+	}
+	FObject.subclass("toggle",1,1) {
+		def _0_bang; @state ^= true; trigger end
+		def _0_int x; @state = x!=0; trigger end
+		def trigger; send_out 0, (if @state then 1 else 0 end) end
+	}
+	FObject.subclass("jpatcher",0,0) {
+		def initialize(*a) super; @subobjects={} end
+		attr_accessor :subobjects
+	}
+	FObject.subclass("jcomment",0,0) {}
+	FObject.subclass("loadbang",0,1) { def trigger; send_out 0 end }
+	FObject.subclass("messbox",1,1) {
+		def _0_bang; send_out 0, *@argv end
+		def clear; @argv=[]; end
+		def append(*argv) @argv<<argv; end
+	}
+
+#-------- fClasses for: list manipulation (jMax-compatible)
+
+	FObject.subclass("listmake",2,1) {
+		def initialize(*a) @a=a end
+		def _0_list(*a) @a=a; _0_bang end
+		def _1_list(*a) @a=a end
+		def _0_bang; send_out 0, :list, *@a end
+	}
+	FObject.subclass("listlength",1,1) {
+		def initialize() super end
+		def _0_list(*a) send_out 0, a.length end
+	}
+	FObject.subclass("listelement",2,1) {
+		def initialize(i=0) super; @i=i.to_i end
+		def _1_int(i) @i=i.to_i end; alias _1_float _1_int
+		def _0_list(*a)
+			e=a[@i]
+			if Symbol===e then
+				send_out 0, :symbol, e
+			else
+				send_out 0, e
+			end
+		end
+	}
+	FObject.subclass("listsublist",3,1) {
+		def initialize(i=0,n=1) super; @i,@n=i.to_i,n.to_i end
+		def _1_int(i) @i=i.to_i end; alias _1_float _1_int
+		def _2_int(n) @n=n.to_i end; alias _2_float _2_int
+		def _0_list(*a) send_out 0, :list, *a[@i,@n] end
+	}
+	FObject.subclass("listprepend",2,1) {
+		def initialize(*b) super; @b=b end
+		def _0_list(*a) a[0,0]=@b; send_out 0, :list, *a end
+		def _1_list(*b) @b=b end
+	}
+	FObject.subclass("listappend",2,1) {
+		def initialize(*b) super; @b=b end
+		def _0_list(*a) a[a.length,0]=@b; send_out 0, :list, *a end
+		def _1_list(*b) @b=b end
+	}
+	FObject.subclass("listreverse",1,1) {
+		def initialize() super end
+		def _0_list(*a) send_out 0,:list,*a.reverse end
+	}
+	FObject.subclass("messageprepend",2,1) {
+		def initialize(*b) super; @b=b end
+		def _0_(*a) a[0,0]=@b; send_out 0, *a end
+		def _1_list(*b) @b=b end
+		def method_missing(sym,*a)
+			(m = /(_\d_)(.*)/.match sym.to_s) or return super
+			_0_ m[2].intern, *a
+		end
+	}
+	FObject.subclass("messageappend",2,1) {
+		def initialize(*b) super; @b=b end
+		def _0_(*a) a[a.length,0]=@b; send_out 0, *a end
+		def _1_list(*b) @b=b end
+		def method_missing(sym,*a)
+			(m = /(_\d_)(.*)/.match sym.to_s) or return super
+			_0_ m[2].intern, *a
+		end
+	}
+
+# this was the original demo for the Ruby/jMax/PureData bridges
+# FObjects are Ruby Objects that are exported to the PureData system.
+# _0_bang means bang message on inlet 0
+# FObject#send_out sends a message through an outlet
+FObject.subclass("for",3,1) {
+	attr_accessor :start, :stop, :step
+	def cast(key,val)
+		val = Integer(val) if Float===val
+		raise ArgumentError, "#{key} isn't a number" unless Integer===val
+	end
+	def initialize(start,stop,step)
+		super
+		cast("start",start)
+		cast("stop",stop)
+		cast("step",step)
+		@start,@stop,@step = start,stop,step
+	end
+	def _0_bang
+		x = start
+		if step > 0
+			(send_out 0, x; x += step) while x < stop
+		elsif step < 0
+			(send_out 0, x; x += step) while x > stop
+		end
+	end
+	def _0_float(x) self.start=x; _0_bang end
+	alias _1_float stop=
+	alias _2_float stop=
+}
+FObject.subclass("oneshot",2,1) {
+	def initialize(state=true) @state=state!=0 end
+	def method_missing(sel,*a)
+		m = /^_0_(.*)$/.match(sel.to_s) or return super
+		send_out 0, m[1].intern, *a if @state
+		@state=false
+	end
+	def _1_int(state) @state=state!=0 end
+	alias _1_float _1_int
+	def _1_bang; @state=true end
+}
+FObject.subclass("inv+",2,1) {
+  def initialize(b=0) @b=b end; def _1_float(b) @b=b end
+  def _0_float(a) send_out 0, :float, @b-a end
+}
+FObject.subclass("inv*",2,1) {
+  def initialize(b=0) @b=b end; def _1_float(b) @b=b end
+  def _0_float(a) send_out 0, :float, @b/a end
+}  
+FObject.subclass("range",1,1) {
+  def initialize(*a) @a=a end
+  def initialize2
+    add_inlets  @a.length
+    add_outlets @a.length
+  end
+  def _0_float(x) i=0; i+=1 until @a[i]==nil or x<@a[i]; send_out i,x end
+  def method_missing(sel,*a)
+    m = /^(_\d+_)(.*)/.match(sel.to_s) or return super
+    m[2]=="float" or return super
+    @a[m[1].to_i-1] = a[0]
+    post "setting a[#{m[1].to_i-1}] = #{a[0]}"
+  end
+}
+
+#-------- fClasses for: GUI
+
+module Gooey # to be included in any FObject class
+	def initialize(*)
+		super
+		@selected=false
+		@bg  = "#ffffff" # white background
+		@bgb = "#000000" # black border
+		@bgs = "#0000ff" # blue border when selected
+		@fg  = "#000000" # black foreground
+		@rsym = "#{self.class}#{self.object_id}".intern # unique id for use in Tcl
+		@can = nil    # the canvas number
+		@canvas = nil # the canvas string
+		@y,@x = 0,0 # position on canvas
+		@sy,@sx = 16,16 # size on canvas
+		@font = "Courier -12"
+		@vis = nil
+	end
+	attr_reader :canvas
+	attr_reader :selected
+	def canvas=(can)
+		@can = can if Integer===can
+		@canvas = case can
+		  when String; can
+		  when Integer; ".x%x.c"%(4*can)
+		  else raise "huh?"
+		end
+	end
+	def initialize2(*) GridFlow.bind self, @rsym.to_s end
+	def pd_displace(can,x,y) self.canvas||=can; @x+=x; @y+=y; pd_show(can) end
+	def pd_activate(can,*) self.canvas||=can end
+	def quote(text) # for tcl (isn't completely right ?)
+		text=text.gsub(/[\{\}]/) {|x| "\\"+x }
+		"{#{text}}"
+	end
+	def pd_vis(can,vis)
+	self.canvas||=can; @vis=vis!=0; update end
+	def update; pd_show @can if @vis end
+	def pd_getrect(can)
+		self.canvas||=can
+		@x,@y = get_position(can)
+		# the extra one-pixel on each side was for #peephole only
+		# not sure what to do with this
+		[@x-1,@y-1,@x+@sx+1,@y+@sy+1]
+	end
+	def pd_click(can,x,y,shift,alt,dbl,doit) return 0 end
+	def outline; if selected then @bgs else "#000000" end end
+	def pd_select(can,sel)
+		self.canvas||=can
+		@selected=sel!=0
+		GridFlow.gui %{ #{canvas} itemconfigure #{@rsym} -outline #{outline} \n }
+	end
+	def pd_delete(can) end
+	def pd_show(can)
+		self.canvas||=can
+		@x,@y = get_position can if can
+	end
+	def highlight(color,ratio) # doesn't use self
+		c = /^#(..)(..)(..)/.match(color)[1..3].map {|x| x.hex }
+		c.map! {|x| [255,(x*ratio).to_i].min }
+		"#%02x%02x%02x" % c
+	end
+end
+
+class Display < FObject; include Gooey
+	attr_accessor :text
+	def initialize()
+		super
+		@sel = nil; @args = [] # contents of last received message
+		@text = "..."
+		@sy,@sx = 16,80 # default size of the widget
+		@bg,@bgs,@fg = "#6774A0","#00ff80","#ffff80"
+	end
+	def _0_set_size(sy,sx) @sy,@sx=sy,sx end
+	def atom_to_s a
+		case a
+		when Float; sprintf("%.5f",a).gsub(/\.?0+$/, "")
+		else a.to_s
+		end
+	end
+	def method_missing(sel,*args)
+		m = /^(_\d+_)(.*)/.match(sel.to_s) or return super
+		@sel,@args = m[2].intern,args
+		@text = case @sel
+			when nil; "..."
+			when :float; atom_to_s @args[0]
+			else @sel.to_s + ": " + @args.map{|a| atom_to_s a }.join(' ')
+			end
+		update
+	end
+	def pd_show(can)
+		super
+		return if not canvas or not @vis # can't show for now...
+		GridFlow.gui %{
+			set canvas #{canvas}
+			$canvas delete #{@rsym}TEXT
+			set y #{@y+2}
+			foreach line [split #{quote @text} \\n] {
+				$canvas create text #{@x+2} $y -fill #{@fg} -font #{quote @font}\
+					-text $line -anchor nw -tag #{@rsym}TEXT
+				set y [expr $y+14]
+			}
+			foreach {x1 y1 x2 y2} [$canvas bbox #{@rsym}TEXT] {}
+			set sx [expr $x2-$x1+1]
+			set sy [expr $y2-$y1+3]
+			$canvas delete #{@rsym}
+			$canvas create rectangle #{@x} #{@y} \
+				[expr #{@x}+$sx] [expr #{@y}+$sy] -fill #{@bg} \
+				-tags #{@rsym} -outline #{outline}
+			$canvas lower #{@rsym} #{@rsym}TEXT
+			pd \"#{@rsym} set_size $sy $sx;\n\";
+		}
+	end
+	def pd_delete(can)
+		if @vis
+			GridFlow.gui %{ #{canvas} delete #{@rsym} #{@rsym}TEXT \n}
+		end
+		super
+	end
+	def delete; super end
+	def _0_grid(*foo) # big hack!
+		# hijacking a [#print]
+		gp = FObject["#print"]
+		@text = ""
+		overlord = self
+		gp.instance_eval { @overlord = overlord }
+		def gp.post(fmt,*args) @overlord.text << sprintf(fmt,*args) << "\n" end
+		def gp.end_hook
+			@overlord.instance_eval{@text.chomp!}
+			@overlord.update
+		end
+		#gp.send_in 0, :trunc, 70
+		gp.send_in 0, :maxrows, 20
+		gp.send_in 0, :grid, *foo
+	end
+
+	install "display", 1, 1
+	gui_enable if GridFlow.bridge_name =~ /puredata/
+end
+
+class GridEdit < GridObject; include Gooey
+	def initialize(grid)
+		super
+		@store = GridStore.new
+		@store.connect 0,self,2
+		@fin = GridFinished.new
+		@fin.connect 0,self,3
+		@bg,@bgs,@fg = "#609068","#0080ff","#ff80ff"
+		@bghi = highlight(@bg,1.25) # "#80C891"   # highlighted @bg
+		#@bghihi = highlight(@bghi,1.5) # very highlighted @bg
+		@cellsy,@cellsx = 16,48
+		@i,@j = nil,nil # highlighted cell dex
+		send_in 0, grid
+	end
+	def _0_cell_size(sy,sx) @cellsy,@cellsx=sy,sx; update end
+	def _0_float(*a) @store.send_in 1,:float,*a; @store.send_in 0; update end
+	def _0_list (*a) @store.send_in 1, :list,*a; @store.send_in 0; update end
+	def _0_grid (*a) @store.send_in 1, :grid,*a;   @fin.send_in 0, :grid,*a end
+	def _3_bang; @store.send_in 0; update end
+	def edit_start(i,j)
+		edit_end if @i
+		@i,@j=i,j
+		GridFlow.gui %{
+			set canvas #{canvas}
+			$canvas itemconfigure #{@rsym}CELL_#{@i}_#{@j} -fill #{@bghi}
+		}
+	end
+	def edit_end
+		GridFlow.gui %{
+			set canvas #{canvas}
+			$canvas itemconfigure #{@rsym}CELL_#{@i}_#{@j} -fill #{@bg}
+		}
+		unfocus @can
+	end
+	def _2_rgrid_begin
+		@data = []
+		@dim = inlet_dim 2
+		@nt = inlet_nt 2
+		post "_2_rgrid_begin: dim=#{@dim.inspect} nt=#{@nt.inspect}"
+		send_out_grid_begin 0, @dim, @nt
+	end
+	def _2_rgrid_flow data
+		ps = GridFlow.packstring_for_nt @nt
+		@data[@data.length,0] = data.unpack(ps)		
+		post "_2_rgrid_flow: data=#{@data.inspect}"
+		send_out_grid_flow 0, data
+	end
+	def _2_rgrid_end
+		post "_2_rgrid_end"
+	end
+	def pd_click(can,x,y,shift,alt,dbl,doit)
+		post "pd_click: %s", [can,x,y,shift,alt,dbl,doit].inspect
+		return 0 if not doit!=0
+		i = (y-@y-1)/@cellsy
+		j = (x-@x-1)/@cellsx
+		post "%d,%d", i,j
+		ny = @dim[0] || 1
+		nx = @dim[1] || 1
+		if (0...ny)===i and (0...nx)===j then
+			focus @can,x,y
+			edit_start i,j
+		end
+		return 0
+	end
+	def pd_key(key)
+		post "pd_key: %s", [key].inspect
+		if key==0 then unfocus @can; return end
+	end
+	def pd_motion(dx,dy)
+		post "pd_motion: %s", [dx,dy].inspect
+		ny = @dim[0] || 1
+		nx = @dim[1] || 1
+		k = @i*nx+@j
+		post "@data[#{k}]=#{@data[k]} before"
+		@data[k]-=dy
+		@store.send_in 1, :put_at, [@i,@j]
+		@store.send_in 1, @data[k]
+		@store.send_in 0
+		post "@data[#{k}]=#{@data[k]} after"
+		update
+	end
+	def pd_show(can)
+		super
+		return if not can
+		ny = @dim[0] || 1
+		nx = @dim[1] || 1
+		@sy = 2+@cellsy*ny
+		@sx = 2+@cellsx*nx
+		g = %{
+			set canvas #{canvas}
+			$canvas delete #{@rsym} #{@rsym}CELL
+			$canvas create rectangle #{@x} #{@y} #{@x+@sx} #{@y+@sy} \
+				-fill #{@bg} -tags #{@rsym} -outline #{outline}
+		}
+		ny.times {|i|
+		  nx.times {|j|
+		    y1 = @y+1+i*@cellsy; y2 = y1+@cellsy
+		    x1 = @x+1+j*@cellsx; x2 = x1+@cellsx
+		    v = @data[i*nx+j]
+		    g << %{
+			$canvas create rectangle #{x1} #{y1} #{x2} #{y2} -fill #{@bg} \
+				-tags {#{@rsym}CELL #{@rsym}CELL_#{i}_#{j}} -outline #{outline}
+			$canvas create text #{x2-4} #{y1+2} -text "#{v}" -anchor ne -fill #ffffff \
+				-tags {#{@rsym}CELL_#{i}_#{j}_T}
+		    }
+		  }
+		}
+		GridFlow.gui g
+	end
+	install "#edit", 2, 1
+	install_rgrid 2, true
+	gui_enable if GridFlow.bridge_name =~ /puredata/
+end
+
+class Peephole < FPatcher; include Gooey
+	@fobjects = ["#dim","#export_list","#downscale_by 1 smoothly","#out","#scale_by 1",
+	proc{Demux.new(2)}]
+	@wires = [-1,0,0,0, 0,0,1,0, -1,0,5,0, 2,0,3,0, 4,0,3,0, 5,0,2,0, 5,1,4,0, 3,0,-1,0]
+	def initialize(sy=32,sx=32,*args)
+		super
+		@fobjects[1].connect 0,self,2
+		post "Peephole#initialize: #{sx} #{sy} #{args.inspect}"
+		@scale = 1
+		@down = false
+		@sy,@sx = sy,sx # size of the widget
+		@fy,@fx = 0,0   # size of last frame after downscale
+		@bg,@bgs = "#A07467","#00ff80"
+	end
+	def pd_show(can)
+		super
+		return if not can
+		if not @open
+			GridFlow.gui %{
+				pd \"#{@rsym} open [eval list [winfo id #{@canvas}]] 1;\n\";
+			}
+			@open=true
+		end
+		# round-trip to ensure this is done after the open
+		GridFlow.gui %{
+			pd \"#{@rsym} set_geometry #{@y} #{@x} #{@sy} #{@sx};\n\";
+		}
+		GridFlow.gui %{
+			set canvas #{canvas}
+			$canvas delete #{@rsym}
+			$canvas create rectangle #{@x} #{@y} #{@x+@sx} #{@y+@sy} \
+				-fill #{@bg} -tags #{@rsym} -outline #{outline}
+		}
+		set_geometry_for_real_now
+	end
+	def set_geometry_for_real_now
+		@fy,@fx=@sy,@sx if @fy<1 or @fx<1
+		@down = (@fx>@sx or @fy>@sx)
+		if @down then
+			@scale = [(@fy+@sy-1)/@sy,(@fx+@sx-1)/@sx].max
+			@scale=1 if @scale<1 # what???
+			@fobjects[2].send_in 1, @scale
+			sy2 = @fy/@scale
+			sx2 = @fx/@scale
+		else
+			@scale = [@sy/@fy,@sx/@fx].min
+			@fobjects[4].send_in 1, @scale
+			sy2 = @fy*@scale
+			sx2 = @fx*@scale
+		end
+		begin
+			@fobjects[5].send_in 1, (if @down then 0 else 1 end)
+			x2=@y+(@sy-sy2)/2
+			y2=@x+(@sx-sx2)/2
+			@fobjects[3].send_in 0, :set_geometry,
+				x2, y2, sy2, sx2
+		rescue StandardError => e
+			post "peeperr: %s", e.inspect
+		end
+		post "set_geometry_for_real_now (%d,%d) (%d,%d) (%d,%d) (%d,%d) (%d,%d)",
+			@x+1,@y+1,@sx,@sy,@fx,@fy,sx2,sy2,x2,y2
+	end
+	def _0_open(wid,use_subwindow)
+		post "%s", [wid,use_subwindow].inspect
+		@use_subwindow = use_subwindow==0 ? false : true
+		if @use_subwindow then
+			@fobjects[3].send_in 0, :open,:x11,:here,:embed_by_id,wid
+		end
+	end
+	def _0_set_geometry(y,x,sy,sx)
+		@sy,@sx = sy,sx
+		@y,@x = y,x
+		set_geometry_for_real_now
+	end
+	def _0_fall_thru(flag) # never worked ?
+		post "fall_thru: #{flag}"
+		@fobjects[3].send_in 0, :fall_thru, flag
+	end
+	# note: the numbering here is a FPatcher gimmick... -1,0 goes to _1_.
+	def _1_position(y,x,b)
+		s=@scale
+		if @down then y*=s;x*=s else y*=s;x*=s end
+		send_out 0,:position,y,x,b
+	end
+	def _2_list(sy,sx,chans)
+		@fy,@fx = sy,sx
+		set_geometry_for_real_now
+	end
+	def _0_paint()
+		post "paint()"
+		@fobjects[3].send_in 0, "draw"
+	end
+	def delete
+		post "deleting peephole"
+		GridFlow.gui %{ #{canvas} delete #{@rsym} \n}
+		@fobjects[3].send_in 0, :close
+		super
+	end
+	def method_missing(s,*a)
+		#post "%s: %s", s.to_s, a.inspect
+		super rescue NameError
+	end
+
+	install "#peephole", 1, 1
+	gui_enable if GridFlow.bridge_name =~ /puredata/
+	#GridFlow.addtomenu "#peephole" # was this IMPD-specific ?
+end
+
+#-------- fClasses for: Hardware
+
+if const_defined? :USB
+
+class<<USB
+	attr_reader :busses
+end
+
+class DelcomUSB < GridFlow::FObject
+	Vendor,Product=0x0FC5,0x1222
+	def self.find
+		r=[]
+		USB.busses.each {|dir,bus|
+			bus.each {|dev|
+				r<<dev if dev.idVendor==Vendor and dev.idProduct==Product
+			}
+		}
+		r
+	end
+	def initialize #(bus=nil,dev=nil)
+		r=DelcomUSB.find
+		raise "no such device" if r.length<1
+		raise "#{r.length} such devices (which one???)" if r.length>1
+		@usb=USB.new(r[0])
+		if_num=nil
+		r[0].config.each {|config|
+			config.interface.each {|interface|
+				if_num = interface.bInterfaceNumber
+			}
+		}
+		# post "Interface # %i\n", if_num
+		@usb.set_configuration 1
+		@usb.claim_interface if_num
+		@usb.set_altinterface 0 rescue ArgumentError
+	end
+	# libdelcom had this:
+        # uint8 recipient, deviceModel, major, minor, dataL, dataM;
+        # uint16 length; uint8[8] extension;
+	def _0_send_command(major,minor,dataL,dataM,extension="\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0")
+		raise "closed" if not @usb
+		raise "extension.length!=8" if extension.length!=8
+		@usb.control_msg(
+			0x000000c8, 0x00000012,
+			minor*0x100+major,
+			dataM*0x100+dataL,
+			extension, 5000)
+	end
+	def delete; @usb.close; end
+	install "delcomusb", 1, 1
+end
+
+# Klippeltronics
+FObject.subclass("multio",1,1) {
+	Vendor,Product=0xDEAD,0xBEEF
+	def self.find
+	  r=[]
+	  USB.busses.each {|dir,bus|
+	    bus.each {|dev|
+	      post "dir=%s, vendor=%x, product=%x",
+		      dir, dev.idVendor, dev.idProduct
+	      r<<dev if dev.idVendor==Vendor and dev.idProduct==Product
+	    }
+	  }
+	  r
+	end
+	def initialize
+		r=self.class.find
+		raise "no such device" if r.length<1
+		raise "#{r.length} such devices (which one???)" if r.length>1
+		$iobox=@usb=USB.new(r[0])
+		if_num=nil
+		r[0].config.each {|config|
+			config.interface.each {|interface|
+				#post "interface=%s", interface.to_s
+				if_num = interface.bInterfaceNumber
+			}
+		}
+		# post "Interface # %i\n", if_num
+		# @usb.set_configuration 0
+		@usb.claim_interface if_num
+		@usb.set_altinterface 0 rescue ArgumentError
+	end
+	#@usb.control_msg(0b10100001,0x01,0,0,"",1000)
+	#@usb.control_msg(0b10100001,0x01,0,1," ",0)
+	def delete; @usb.close; end
+}
+end # if const_defined? :USB
+
+# requires Ruby 1.8.0 because of bug in Ruby 1.6.x
+FObject.subclass("joystick_port",0,1) {
+  def initialize(port)
+    raise "sorry, requires Ruby 1.8" if RUBY_VERSION<"1.8"
+    @f = File.open(port.to_s,"r+")
+    @status = nil
+    @clock = Clock.new self
+    @clock.delay 0
+    @f.nonblock=true
+  end
+  def delete; @clock.unset; @f.close end
+  def call
+    loop{
+      begin
+        event = @f.read(8)
+      rescue Errno::EAGAIN
+	@clock.delay 0
+        return
+      end
+      return if not event
+      return if event.length<8
+      send_out 0, *event.unpack("IsCC")
+    }
+  end
+}
+
+# plotter control (HPGL)
+FObject.subclass("plotter_control",1,1) {
+  def puts(x)
+    x<<"\n"
+    x.each_byte {|b| send_out 0, b }
+    send_out 0
+  end
+  def _0_pu; puts "PU;" end
+  def _0_pd; puts "PD;" end
+  def _0_pa x,y; puts "PA#{x},#{y};" end
+  def _0_sp c; puts "SP#{c};"; end
+  def _0_ip(*v) puts "IP#{v.join','};" end
+  def _0_other(command,*v) puts "#{command.to_s.upcase}#{v.join','};" end
+  def _0_print(*text) puts "LB#{text.join(' ')}\003;" end
+  def _0_print_from_ascii(*codes)
+    _0_print codes.map{|code| code.chr }.join("")
+  end
+}
+
+(begin require "linux/ParallelPort"; true; rescue LoadError; false end) and
+FObject.subclass("parallel_port",1,3) {
+  def initialize(port,manually=0)
+    @f = File.open(port.to_s,"r+")
+    @f.extend Linux::ParallelPort
+    @status = nil
+    @flags = nil
+    @manually = manually!=0
+    @clock = (if @manually then nil else Clock.new self end)
+    @clock.delay 0 if @clock
+  end
+  def delete; @clock.unset unless @manually; @f.close end
+  def _0_int(x) @f.write x.to_i.chr; @f.flush end
+  alias _0_float _0_int
+  def call
+    flags = @f.port_flags
+    send_out 2, flags if @flags != flags
+    @flags = flags
+    status = @f.port_status
+    send_out 1, status if @status != status
+    @status = status
+    @clock.delay 20 if @clock
+  end
+  def _0_bang
+    @status = @flags = nil
+    call
+  end
+  # outlet 0 reserved (future use)
+}
+
+(begin require "linux/SoundMixer"; true; rescue LoadError; false end) and
+FObject.subclass("SoundMixer",1,1) {
+  # BUG? i may have the channels (left,right) backwards
+  def initialize(filename)
+    super
+    @file = File.open filename.to_s, 0
+    @file.extend Linux::SoundMixer
+    $sm = self
+  end
+  @@vars = Linux::SoundMixer.instance_methods.grep(/=/)
+  @@vars_h = {}
+  @@vars.each {|attr|
+    attr.chop!
+    eval %{ def _0_#{attr}(x) @file.#{attr} = x[0]*256+x[1] end }
+    @@vars_h[attr]=true
+  }
+  def _0_get(sel=nil)
+    if sel then
+      sels=sel.to_s
+      sel=sels.intern
+      raise if not @@vars_h.include? sel.to_s
+      begin
+        x = @file.send sel
+        send_out 0, sel, "(".intern, (x>>8)&255, x&255, ")".intern
+      rescue
+        send_out 0, sel, "(".intern, -1, -1, ")".intern
+      end
+    else
+      @@vars.each {|var| _0_get var }
+    end
+  end
+}
+
+# experimental
+FObject.subclass("rubyarray",2,1) {
+  def initialize() @a=[]; @i=0; end
+  def _0_float i; @i=i; send_out 0, *@a[@i]; end
+  def _1_list(*l) @a[@i]=l; end
+  def _0_save(filename,format=nil)
+    f=File.open(filename.to_s,"w")
+    if format then
+      @a.each {|x| f.puts(format.to_s%x) }
+    else
+      @a.each {|x| f.puts(x.join(",")) }
+    end
+    f.close
+  end
+  def _0_load(filename)
+    f=File.open(filename.to_s,"r")
+    @a.clear
+    f.each {|x| @a.push x.split(",").map {|y| Float(y) rescue y.intern }}
+    f.close
+  end
+}
+
+end # module GridFlow
diff --git a/externals/gridflow/base/flow_objects_for_image.c b/externals/gridflow/base/flow_objects_for_image.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2041c3e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/externals/gridflow/base/flow_objects_for_image.c
@@ -0,0 +1,618 @@
+/*
+	$Id: flow_objects_for_image.c,v 1.1 2005-10-04 02:02:13 matju Exp $
+
+	GridFlow
+	Copyright (c) 2001,2002,2003 by Mathieu Bouchard
+
+	This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+	modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
+	as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
+	of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+
+	See file ../COPYING for further informations on licensing terms.
+
+	This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+	but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+	MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+	GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+	You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+	along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+	Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
+*/
+
+#include <math.h>
+#include "grid.h.fcs"
+
+static void expect_picture (P<Dim> d) {
+	if (d->n!=3) RAISE("(height,width,chans) dimensions please");}
+static void expect_rgb_picture (P<Dim> d) {
+	expect_picture(d);
+	if (d->get(2)!=3) RAISE("(red,green,blue) channels please");}
+static void expect_rgba_picture (P<Dim> d) {
+	expect_picture(d);
+	if (d->get(2)!=4) RAISE("(red,green,blue,alpha) channels please");}
+static void expect_max_one_dim (P<Dim> d) {
+	if (d->n>1) { RAISE("expecting Dim[] or Dim[n], got %s",d->to_s()); }}
+
+//****************************************************************
+//{ Dim[A,B,*Cs]<T>,Dim[D,E]<T> -> Dim[A,B,*Cs]<T> }
+
+static void expect_convolution_matrix (P<Dim> d) {
+	if (d->n != 2) RAISE("only exactly two dimensions allowed for now (got %d)",
+		d->n);
+}
+
+// entry in a compiled convolution kernel
+struct PlanEntry { int y,x; bool neutral; };
+
+\class GridConvolve < GridObject
+struct GridConvolve : GridObject {
+	\attr Numop *op_para;
+	\attr Numop *op_fold;
+	\attr PtrGrid seed;
+	\attr PtrGrid b;
+	PtrGrid a;
+	int plann;
+	PlanEntry *plan; //Pt?
+	int margx,margy; // margins
+	GridConvolve () : plan(0) { b.constrain(expect_convolution_matrix); plan=0; }
+	\decl void initialize (Grid *r=0);
+	\decl void _0_op   (Numop *op);
+	\decl void _0_fold (Numop *op);
+	\decl void _0_seed (Grid *seed);
+	\grin 0
+	\grin 1
+	template <class T> void copy_row (Pt<T> buf, int sx, int y, int x);
+	template <class T> void make_plan (T bogus);
+	~GridConvolve () {if (plan) delete[] plan;}
+};
+
+template <class T> void GridConvolve::copy_row (Pt<T> buf, int sx, int y, int x) {
+	int day = a->dim->get(0), dax = a->dim->get(1), dac = a->dim->prod(2);
+	y=mod(y,day); x=mod(x,dax);
+	Pt<T> ap = (Pt<T>)*a + y*dax*dac;
+	while (sx) {
+		int sx1 = min(sx,dax-x);
+		COPY(buf,ap+x*dac,sx1*dac);
+		x=0;
+		buf += sx1*dac;
+		sx -= sx1;
+	}
+}
+
+static Numop *OP(Ruby x) {return FIX2PTR(Numop,rb_hash_aref(op_dict,x));}
+
+template <class T> void GridConvolve::make_plan (T bogus) {
+	P<Dim> da = a->dim, db = b->dim;
+	int dby = db->get(0);
+	int dbx = db->get(1);
+	if (plan) delete[] plan;
+	plan = new PlanEntry[dbx*dby];
+	int i=0;
+	for (int y=0; y<dby; y++) {
+		for (int x=0; x<dbx; x++) {
+			T rh = ((Pt<T>)*b)[y*dbx+x];
+			bool neutral = op_para->on(rh)->is_neutral(rh,at_right);
+			bool absorbent = op_para->on(rh)->is_absorbent(rh,at_right);
+			STACK_ARRAY(T,foo,1);
+			if (absorbent) {
+				foo[0] = 0;
+				op_para->map(1,foo,rh);
+				absorbent = op_fold->on(rh)->is_neutral(foo[0],at_right);
+			}
+			if (absorbent) continue;
+			plan[i].y = y;
+			plan[i].x = x;
+			plan[i].neutral = neutral;
+			i++;
+		}
+	}
+	plann = i;
+}
+
+GRID_INLET(GridConvolve,0) {
+	SAME_TYPE(in,b);
+	SAME_TYPE(in,seed);
+	P<Dim> da = in->dim, db = b->dim;
+	if (!db) RAISE("right inlet has no grid");
+	if (!seed) RAISE("seed missing");
+	if (db->n != 2) RAISE("right grid must have two dimensions");
+	if (da->n < 2) RAISE("left grid has less than two dimensions");
+	if (seed->dim->n != 0) RAISE("seed must be scalar");
+	if (da->get(0) < db->get(0)) RAISE("grid too small (y): %d < %d", da->get(0), db->get(0));
+	if (da->get(1) < db->get(1)) RAISE("grid too small (x): %d < %d", da->get(1), db->get(1));
+	margy = (db->get(0)-1)/2;
+	margx = (db->get(1)-1)/2;
+	a=new Grid(in->dim,in->nt);
+	out=new GridOutlet(this,0,da,in->nt);
+} GRID_FLOW {
+	COPY((Pt<T>)*a+in->dex, data, n);
+} GRID_FINISH {
+	Numop *op_put = OP(SYM(put));
+	make_plan((T)0);
+	int dbx = b->dim->get(1);
+	int day = a->dim->get(0);
+	int n = a->dim->prod(1);
+	int sx = a->dim->get(1)+dbx-1;
+	int n2 = sx*a->dim->prod(2);
+	STACK_ARRAY(T,buf,n);
+	STACK_ARRAY(T,buf2,n2);
+	T orh=0;
+	for (int iy=0; iy<day; iy++) {
+		op_put->map(n,buf,*(T *)*seed);
+		for (int i=0; i<plann; i++) {
+			int jy = plan[i].y;
+			int jx = plan[i].x;
+			T rh = ((Pt<T>)*b)[jy*dbx+jx];
+			if (i==0 || plan[i].y!=plan[i-1].y || orh!=rh) {
+				copy_row(buf2,sx,iy+jy-margy,-margx);
+				if (!plan[i].neutral) op_para->map(n2,buf2,rh);
+			}
+			op_fold->zip(n,buf,buf2+jx*a->dim->prod(2));
+			orh=rh;
+		}
+		out->send(n,buf);
+	}
+	a=0;
+} GRID_END
+
+GRID_INPUT(GridConvolve,1,b) {} GRID_END
+
+\def void _0_op   (Numop *op ) { this->op_para=op; }
+\def void _0_fold (Numop *op ) { this->op_fold=op; }
+\def void _0_seed (Grid *seed) { this->seed=seed; }
+
+\def void initialize (Grid *r) {
+	rb_call_super(argc,argv);
+	this->op_para = op_mul;
+	this->op_fold = op_add;
+	this->seed = new Grid(new Dim(),int32_e,true);
+	this->b= r ? r : new Grid(new Dim(1,1),int32_e,true);
+}
+
+\classinfo { IEVAL(rself,"install '#convolve',2,1"); }
+\end class GridConvolve
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------- */
+/* "#scale_by" does quick scaling of pictures by integer factors */
+/*{ Dim[A,B,3]<T> -> Dim[C,D,3]<T> }*/
+\class GridScaleBy < GridObject
+struct GridScaleBy : GridObject {
+	\attr PtrGrid scale; // integer scale factor
+	int scaley;
+	int scalex;
+	\decl void initialize (Grid *factor=0);
+	\grin 0
+	\grin 1
+	void prepare_scale_factor () {
+		scaley = ((Pt<int32>)*scale)[0];
+		scalex = ((Pt<int32>)*scale)[scale->dim->prod()==1 ? 0 : 1];
+		if (scaley<1) scaley=2;
+		if (scalex<1) scalex=2;
+	}
+};
+
+GRID_INLET(GridScaleBy,0) {
+	P<Dim> a = in->dim;
+	expect_picture(a);
+	out=new GridOutlet(this,0,new Dim(a->get(0)*scaley,a->get(1)*scalex,a->get(2)),in->nt);
+	in->set_factor(a->get(1)*a->get(2));
+} GRID_FLOW {
+	int rowsize = in->dim->prod(1);
+	STACK_ARRAY(T,buf,rowsize*scalex);
+	int chans = in->dim->get(2);
+	#define Z(z) buf[p+z]=data[i+z]
+	for (; n>0; data+=rowsize, n-=rowsize) {
+		int p=0;
+		#define LOOP(z) \
+			for (int i=0; i<rowsize; i+=z) \
+			for (int k=0; k<scalex; k++, p+=3)
+		switch (chans) {
+		case 3: LOOP(3) {Z(0);Z(1);Z(2);} break;
+		case 4: LOOP(4) {Z(0);Z(1);Z(2);Z(3);} break;
+		default: LOOP(chans) {for (int c=0; c<chans; c++) Z(c);}
+		}
+		#undef LOOP
+		for (int j=0; j<scaley; j++) out->send(rowsize*scalex,buf);
+	}
+	#undef Z
+} GRID_END
+
+static void expect_scale_factor (P<Dim> dim) {
+	if (dim->prod()!=1 && dim->prod()!=2)
+		RAISE("expecting only one or two numbers");
+}
+
+GRID_INPUT(GridScaleBy,1,scale) { prepare_scale_factor(); } GRID_END
+
+\def void initialize (Grid *factor) {
+	scale.constrain(expect_scale_factor);
+	rb_call_super(argc,argv);
+	scale=new Grid(INT2NUM(2));
+	if (factor) scale=factor;
+	prepare_scale_factor();
+}
+
+\classinfo { IEVAL(rself,"install '#scale_by',2,1"); }
+\end class GridScaleBy
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------
+//{ Dim[A,B,3]<T> -> Dim[C,D,3]<T> }
+\class GridDownscaleBy < GridObject
+struct GridDownscaleBy : GridObject {
+	\attr PtrGrid scale;
+	\attr bool smoothly;
+	int scaley;
+	int scalex;
+	PtrGrid temp;
+	\decl void initialize (Grid *factor=0, Symbol option=Qnil);
+	\grin 0
+	\grin 1
+	void prepare_scale_factor () {
+		scaley = ((Pt<int32>)*scale)[0];
+		scalex = ((Pt<int32>)*scale)[scale->dim->prod()==1 ? 0 : 1];
+		if (scaley<1) scaley=2;
+		if (scalex<1) scalex=2;
+	}
+};
+
+GRID_INLET(GridDownscaleBy,0) {
+
+	P<Dim> a = in->dim;
+	if (a->n!=3) RAISE("(height,width,chans) please");
+	out=new GridOutlet(this,0,new Dim(a->get(0)/scaley,a->get(1)/scalex,a->get(2)),in->nt);
+	in->set_factor(a->get(1)*a->get(2));
+	// i don't remember why two rows instead of just one.
+	temp=new Grid(new Dim(2,in->dim->get(1)/scalex,in->dim->get(2)),in->nt);
+} GRID_FLOW {
+	int rowsize = in->dim->prod(1);
+	int rowsize2 = temp->dim->prod(1);
+	Pt<T> buf = (Pt<T>)*temp; //!@#$ maybe should be something else than T ?
+	int xinc = in->dim->get(2)*scalex;
+	int y = in->dex / rowsize;
+	int chans=in->dim->get(2);
+	#define Z(z) buf[p+z]+=data[i+z]
+	if (smoothly) {
+		while (n>0) {
+			if (y%scaley==0) CLEAR(buf,rowsize2);
+			#define LOOP(z) \
+				for (int i=0,p=0; p<rowsize2; p+=z) \
+				for (int j=0; j<scalex; j++,i+=z)
+			switch (chans) {
+			case 1: LOOP(1) {Z(0);} break;
+			case 2: LOOP(2) {Z(0);Z(1);} break;
+			case 3: LOOP(3) {Z(0);Z(1);Z(2);} break;
+			case 4: LOOP(4) {Z(0);Z(1);Z(2);Z(3);} break;
+			default:LOOP(chans) {for (int k=0; k<chans; k++) Z(k);} break;
+			}
+			#undef LOOP
+			y++;
+			if (y%scaley==0 && out->dim) {
+				op_div->map(rowsize2,buf,(T)(scalex*scaley));
+				out->send(rowsize2,buf);
+				CLEAR(buf,rowsize2);
+			}
+			data+=rowsize;
+			n-=rowsize;
+		}
+	#undef Z
+	} else {
+	#define Z(z) buf[p+z]=data[i+z]
+		for (; n>0 && out->dim; data+=rowsize, n-=rowsize,y++) {
+			if (y%scaley!=0) continue;
+			#define LOOP(z) for (int i=0,p=0; p<rowsize2; i+=xinc, p+=z)
+			switch(in->dim->get(2)) {
+			case 1: LOOP(1) {Z(0);} break;
+			case 2: LOOP(2) {Z(0);Z(1);} break;
+			case 3: LOOP(3) {Z(0);Z(1);Z(2);} break;
+			case 4: LOOP(4) {Z(0);Z(1);Z(2);Z(3);} break;
+			default:LOOP(chans) {for (int k=0; k<chans; k++) Z(k);}break;
+			}
+			#undef LOOP
+			out->send(rowsize2,buf);
+		}
+	}
+	#undef Z
+} GRID_END
+
+GRID_INPUT(GridDownscaleBy,1,scale) { prepare_scale_factor(); } GRID_END
+
+\def void initialize (Grid *factor, Symbol option) {
+	scale.constrain(expect_scale_factor);
+	rb_call_super(argc,argv);
+	scale=new Grid(INT2NUM(2));
+	if (factor) scale=factor;
+	prepare_scale_factor();
+	smoothly = option==SYM(smoothly);
+}
+
+\classinfo { IEVAL(rself,"install '#downscale_by',2,1"); }
+\end class GridDownscaleBy
+
+//****************************************************************
+\class GridLayer < GridObject
+struct GridLayer : GridObject {
+	PtrGrid r;
+	GridLayer() { r.constrain(expect_rgb_picture); }
+	\grin 0 int
+	\grin 1 int
+};
+
+GRID_INLET(GridLayer,0) {
+	NOTEMPTY(r);
+	SAME_TYPE(in,r);
+	P<Dim> a = in->dim;
+	expect_rgba_picture(a);
+	if (a->get(1)!=r->dim->get(1)) RAISE("same width please");
+	if (a->get(0)!=r->dim->get(0)) RAISE("same height please");
+	in->set_factor(a->prod(2));
+	out=new GridOutlet(this,0,r->dim);
+} GRID_FLOW {
+	Pt<T> rr = ((Pt<T>)*r) + in->dex*3/4;
+	STACK_ARRAY(T,foo,n*3/4);
+#define COMPUTE_ALPHA(c,a) \
+	foo[j+c] = (data[i+c]*data[i+a] + rr[j+c]*(256-data[i+a])) >> 8
+	for (int i=0,j=0; i<n; i+=4,j+=3) {
+		COMPUTE_ALPHA(0,3);
+		COMPUTE_ALPHA(1,3);
+		COMPUTE_ALPHA(2,3);
+	}
+#undef COMPUTE_ALPHA
+	out->send(n*3/4,foo);
+} GRID_END
+
+GRID_INPUT(GridLayer,1,r) {} GRID_END
+
+\classinfo { IEVAL(rself,"install '#layer',2,1"); }
+\end class GridLayer
+
+// ****************************************************************
+// pad1,pad2 only are there for 32-byte alignment
+struct Line { int32 y1,x1,y2,x2,x,m,pad1,pad2; };
+
+static void expect_polygon (P<Dim> d) {
+	if (d->n!=2 || d->get(1)!=2) RAISE("expecting Dim[n,2] polygon");
+}
+
+\class DrawPolygon < GridObject
+struct DrawPolygon : GridObject {
+	\attr Numop *op;
+	\attr PtrGrid color;
+	\attr PtrGrid polygon;
+	PtrGrid color2;
+	PtrGrid lines;
+	int lines_start;
+	int lines_stop;
+	DrawPolygon() {
+		color.constrain(expect_max_one_dim);
+		polygon.constrain(expect_polygon);
+	}
+	\decl void initialize (Numop *op, Grid *color=0, Grid *polygon=0);
+	\grin 0
+	\grin 1
+	\grin 2 int32
+	void init_lines();
+
+};
+
+void DrawPolygon::init_lines () {
+	int nl = polygon->dim->get(0);
+	lines=new Grid(new Dim(nl,8), int32_e);
+	Pt<Line> ld = Pt<Line>((Line *)(int32 *)*lines,nl);
+	Pt<int32> pd = *polygon;
+	for (int i=0,j=0; i<nl; i++) {
+		ld[i].y1 = pd[j+0];
+		ld[i].x1 = pd[j+1];
+		j=(j+2)%(2*nl);
+		ld[i].y2 = pd[j+0];
+		ld[i].x2 = pd[j+1];
+		if (ld[i].y1>ld[i].y2) memswap(Pt<int32>(ld+i)+0,Pt<int32>(ld+i)+2,2);
+	}
+}
+
+static int order_by_starting_scanline (const void *a, const void *b) {
+	return ((Line *)a)->y1 - ((Line *)b)->y1;
+}
+
+static int order_by_column (const void *a, const void *b) {
+	return ((Line *)a)->x - ((Line *)b)->x;
+}
+
+GRID_INLET(DrawPolygon,0) {
+	NOTEMPTY(color);
+	NOTEMPTY(polygon);
+	NOTEMPTY(lines);
+	SAME_TYPE(in,color);
+	if (in->dim->n!=3) RAISE("expecting 3 dimensions");
+	if (in->dim->get(2)!=color->dim->get(0))
+		RAISE("image does not have same number of channels as stored color");
+	out=new GridOutlet(this,0,in->dim,in->nt);
+	lines_start = lines_stop = 0;
+	in->set_factor(in->dim->get(1)*in->dim->get(2));
+	int nl = polygon->dim->get(0);
+	qsort((int32 *)*lines,nl,sizeof(Line),order_by_starting_scanline);
+	int cn = color->dim->prod();
+	color2=new Grid(new Dim(cn*16), color->nt);
+	for (int i=0; i<16; i++) COPY((Pt<T>)*color2+cn*i,(Pt<T>)*color,cn);
+} GRID_FLOW {
+	int nl = polygon->dim->get(0);
+	Pt<Line> ld = Pt<Line>((Line *)(int32 *)*lines,nl);
+	int f = in->factor();
+	int y = in->dex/f;
+	int cn = color->dim->prod();
+	Pt<T> cd = (Pt<T>)*color2;
+	
+	while (n) {
+		while (lines_stop != nl && ld[lines_stop].y1<=y) lines_stop++;
+		for (int i=lines_start; i<lines_stop; i++) {
+			if (ld[i].y2<=y) {
+				memswap(ld+i,ld+lines_start,1);
+				lines_start++;
+			}
+		}
+		if (lines_start == lines_stop) {
+			out->send(f,data);
+		} else {
+			int32 xl = in->dim->get(1);
+			Pt<T> data2 = ARRAY_NEW(T,f);
+			COPY(data2,data,f);
+			for (int i=lines_start; i<lines_stop; i++) {
+				Line &l = ld[i];
+				l.x = l.x1 + (y-l.y1)*(l.x2-l.x1+1)/(l.y2-l.y1+1);
+			}
+			qsort(ld+lines_start,lines_stop-lines_start,
+				sizeof(Line),order_by_column);
+			for (int i=lines_start; i<lines_stop-1; i+=2) {
+				int xs = max(ld[i].x,(int32)0), xe = min(ld[i+1].x,xl);
+				if (xs>=xe) continue; /* !@#$ WHAT? */
+				while (xe-xs>=16) { op->zip(16*cn,data2+cn*xs,cd); xs+=16; }
+				op->zip((xe-xs)*cn,data2+cn*xs,cd);
+			}
+			out->give(f,data2);
+		}
+		n-=f;
+		data+=f;
+		y++;
+	}
+} GRID_END
+
+GRID_INPUT(DrawPolygon,1,color) {} GRID_END
+GRID_INPUT(DrawPolygon,2,polygon) {init_lines();} GRID_END
+
+\def void initialize (Numop *op, Grid *color, Grid *polygon) {
+	rb_call_super(argc,argv);
+	this->op = op;
+	if (color) this->color=color;
+	if (polygon) { this->polygon=polygon; init_lines(); }
+}
+
+\classinfo { IEVAL(rself,"install '#draw_polygon',3,1"); }
+\end class DrawPolygon
+
+//****************************************************************
+static void expect_position(P<Dim> d) {
+	if (d->n!=1) RAISE("position should have 1 dimension, not %d", d->n);
+	if (d->v[0]!=2) RAISE("position dim 0 should have 2 elements, not %d", d->v[0]);
+}
+
+\class DrawImage < GridObject
+struct DrawImage : GridObject {
+	\attr Numop *op;
+	\attr PtrGrid image;
+	\attr PtrGrid position;
+	\attr bool alpha;
+	\attr bool tile;
+	
+	DrawImage() : alpha(false), tile(false) {
+		position.constrain(expect_position);
+		image.constrain(expect_picture);
+	}
+
+	\decl void initialize (Numop *op, Grid *image=0, Grid *position=0);
+	\decl void _0_alpha (bool v=true);
+	\decl void _0_tile (bool v=true);
+	\grin 0
+	\grin 1
+	\grin 2 int32
+	// draw row # ry of right image in row buffer buf, starting at xs
+	// overflow on both sides has to be handled automatically by this method
+	template <class T> void draw_segment(Pt<T> obuf, Pt<T> ibuf, int ry, int x0);
+};
+
+#define COMPUTE_ALPHA(c,a) obuf[j+(c)] = ibuf[j+(c)] + (rbuf[a])*(obuf[j+(c)]-ibuf[j+(c)])/256;
+#define COMPUTE_ALPHA4(b) \
+	COMPUTE_ALPHA(b+0,b+3); \
+	COMPUTE_ALPHA(b+1,b+3); \
+	COMPUTE_ALPHA(b+2,b+3); \
+	obuf[b+3] = rbuf[b+3] + (255-rbuf[b+3])*(ibuf[j+b+3])/256;
+
+template <class T> void DrawImage::draw_segment(Pt<T> obuf, Pt<T> ibuf, int ry, int x0) {
+	if (ry<0 || ry>=image->dim->get(0)) return; // outside of image
+	int sx = in[0]->dim->get(1), rsx = image->dim->get(1);
+	int sc = in[0]->dim->get(2), rsc = image->dim->get(2);
+	Pt<T> rbuf = (Pt<T>)*image + ry*rsx*rsc;
+	if (x0>sx || x0<=-rsx) return; // outside of buffer
+	int n=rsx;
+	if (x0+n>sx) n=sx-x0;
+	if (x0<0) { rbuf-=rsc*x0; n+=x0; x0=0; }
+	if (alpha && rsc==4 && sc==3) { // RGB by RGBA //!@#$ optimise
+		int j=sc*x0;
+		for (; n; n--, rbuf+=4, j+=3) {
+			op->zip(sc,obuf+j,rbuf); COMPUTE_ALPHA(0,3); COMPUTE_ALPHA(1,3); COMPUTE_ALPHA(2,3);
+		}
+	} else if (alpha && rsc==4 && sc==4) { // RGBA by RGBA
+		op->zip(n*rsc,obuf+x0*rsc,rbuf);
+		int j=sc*x0;
+		for (; n>=4; n-=4, rbuf+=16, j+=16) {
+			COMPUTE_ALPHA4(0);COMPUTE_ALPHA4(4);
+			COMPUTE_ALPHA4(8);COMPUTE_ALPHA4(12);
+		}
+		for (; n; n--, rbuf+=4, j+=4) {
+			COMPUTE_ALPHA4(0);
+		}
+	} else { // RGB by RGB, etc
+		op->zip(n*rsc,obuf+sc*x0,rbuf);
+	}
+}
+
+GRID_INLET(DrawImage,0) {
+	NOTEMPTY(image);
+	NOTEMPTY(position);
+	SAME_TYPE(in,image);
+	if (in->dim->n!=3) RAISE("expecting 3 dimensions");
+	int lchan = in->dim->get(2);
+	int rchan = image->dim->get(2);
+	if (alpha && rchan!=4) {
+		RAISE("alpha mode works only with 4 channels in right_hand");
+	}
+	if (lchan != rchan-(alpha?1:0) && lchan != rchan) {
+		RAISE("right_hand has %d channels, alpha=%d, left_hand has %d, expecting %d or %d",
+			rchan, alpha?1:0, lchan, rchan-(alpha?1:0), rchan);
+	}
+	out=new GridOutlet(this,0,in->dim,in->nt);
+	in->set_factor(in->dim->get(1)*in->dim->get(2));
+} GRID_FLOW {
+	int f = in->factor();
+	int y = in->dex/f;
+	if (position->nt != int32_e) RAISE("position has to be int32");
+	int py = ((int32*)*position)[0], rsy = image->dim->v[0], sy=in->dim->get(0);
+	int px = ((int32*)*position)[1], rsx = image->dim->v[1], sx=in->dim->get(1);
+	for (; n; y++, n-=f, data+=f) {
+		int ty = div2(y-py,rsy);
+		if (tile || ty==0) {
+			Pt<T> data2 = ARRAY_NEW(T,f);
+			COPY(data2,data,f);
+			if (tile) {
+				for (int x=px-div2(px+rsx-1,rsx)*rsx; x<sx; x+=rsx) {
+					draw_segment(data2,data,mod(y-py,rsy),x);
+				}
+			} else {
+				draw_segment(data2,data,y-py,px);
+			}
+			out->give(f,data2);
+		} else {
+			out->send(f,data);
+		}
+	}
+} GRID_END
+
+GRID_INPUT(DrawImage,1,image) {} GRID_END
+GRID_INPUT(DrawImage,2,position) {} GRID_END
+\def void _0_alpha (bool v=true) { alpha = v; gfpost("ALPHA=%d",v); }
+\def void _0_tile (bool v=true) {   tile = v; }
+
+\def void initialize (Numop *op, Grid *image, Grid *position) {
+	rb_call_super(argc,argv);
+	this->op = op;
+	if (image) this->image=image;
+	if (position) this->position=position;
+	else this->position=new Grid(new Dim(2),int32_e,true);
+}
+
+\classinfo { IEVAL(rself,"install '#draw_image',3,1"); }
+\end class DrawImage
+
+void startup_flow_objects_for_image () {
+	\startall
+}
diff --git a/externals/gridflow/base/flow_objects_for_matrix.c b/externals/gridflow/base/flow_objects_for_matrix.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d245a10f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/externals/gridflow/base/flow_objects_for_matrix.c
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+/*
+	$Id: flow_objects_for_matrix.c,v 1.1 2005-10-04 02:02:13 matju Exp $
+
+	GridFlow
+	Copyright (c) 2001,2002,2003 by Mathieu Bouchard
+
+	This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+	modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
+	as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
+	of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+
+	See file ../COPYING for further informations on licensing terms.
+
+	This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+	but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+	MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+	GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+	You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+	along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+	Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
+*/
+
+#include <math.h>
+#include "grid.h.fcs"
+
+// produce an upper triangular matrix with ones on the diagonal
+// will also affect any additional columns using the same row-operations
+
+void expect_complete_matrix (P<Dim> d) {
+	if (d->n!=2) RAISE("bletch");
+	if (d->get(0)>d->get(1)) RAISE("argh");
+}
+
+\class GridMatrixSolve < GridObject
+struct GridMatrixSolve : GridObject {
+	Numop *op_sub;
+	Numop *op_mul;
+	Numop *op_div;
+	PtrGrid matrix;
+	GridMatrixSolve() {
+		matrix.constrain(expect_complete_matrix);
+	}
+	\decl void initialize ();
+	\grin 0 float
+};
+
+GRID_INPUT(GridMatrixSolve,0,matrix) {
+	int n = matrix->dim->get(0); // # rows
+	int m = matrix->dim->get(1); // # columns
+	Pt<T> mat = (Pt<T>)*matrix;
+	for (int j=0; j<n; j++) {
+		op_div->map(m,mat+j*m,mat[j*m+j]);
+		for (int i=j+1; i<n; i++) {
+			STACK_ARRAY(T,row,m);
+			COPY(row,mat+j,m);
+			op_mul->map(m,row,mat[i*m+j]);
+			op_sub->zip(m,mat+i*m,row);
+		}
+	}
+	GridOutlet out(this,0,matrix->dim);
+	out.send(n*m,mat);
+} GRID_END
+
+\def void initialize () {
+	rb_call_super(argc,argv);
+	this->op_sub = op_sub;
+	this->op_mul = op_mul;
+	this->op_div = op_div;
+}
+
+\classinfo { IEVAL(rself,"install '#matrix_solve',1,1"); }
+\end class
+
+void startup_flow_objects_for_matrix () {
+	\startall
+}
diff --git a/externals/gridflow/base/grid.c b/externals/gridflow/base/grid.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..877a460f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/externals/gridflow/base/grid.c
@@ -0,0 +1,604 @@
+/*
+	$Id: grid.c,v 1.1 2005-10-04 02:02:13 matju Exp $
+
+	GridFlow
+	Copyright (c) 2001,2002,2003,2004 by Mathieu Bouchard
+
+	This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+	modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
+	as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
+	of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+
+	See file ../COPYING for further informations on licensing terms.
+
+	This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+	but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+	MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+	GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+	You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+	along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+	Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
+*/
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+#include "grid.h.fcs"
+#include <ctype.h>
+
+/* copied from bridge/puredata.c (sorry: linkage issue) */
+struct Pointer : CObject { void *p; Pointer(void *_p) : p(_p) {}};
+Ruby Pointer_s_noo (void *ptr) {
+	return Data_Wrap_Struct(EVAL("GridFlow::Pointer"), 0, 0, new Pointer(ptr));}
+static void *Pointer_gut (Ruby rself) {DGS(Pointer); return self->p;}
+
+//#define TRACE fprintf(stderr,"%s %s [%s:%d]\n",INFO(parent),__PRETTY_FUNCTION__,__FILE__,__LINE__);assert(this);
+#define TRACE assert(this);
+
+#define CHECK_TYPE(d) \
+	if (NumberTypeE_type_of(d)!=this->nt) RAISE("%s(%s): " \
+		"type mismatch during transmission (got %s expecting %s)", \
+		INFO(parent), \
+		__PRETTY_FUNCTION__, \
+		number_type_table[NumberTypeE_type_of(d)].name, \
+		number_type_table[this->nt].name);
+
+#define CHECK_BUSY(s) \
+	if (!dim) RAISE("%s: " #s " not busy",INFO(parent));
+
+#define CHECK_ALIGN(d) \
+	{int bytes = number_type_table[nt].size/8; \
+	int align = ((long)(void*)d)%bytes; \
+	if (align) {L;gfpost("%s(%s): Alignment Warning: %p is not %d-aligned: %d", \
+		INFO(parent), __PRETTY_FUNCTION__, (void*)d,bytes,align);}}
+
+#define CHECK_ALIGN2(d,nt) \
+	{int bytes = number_type_table[nt].size/8; \
+	int align = ((long)(void*)d)%bytes; \
+	if (align) {L;gfpost("Alignment Warning: %p is not %d-aligned: %d", \
+		(void*)d,bytes,align);}}
+
+// **************** Grid ******************************************
+
+#define FOO(S) static inline void NUM(Ruby x, S &y) {y=convert(x,(int32*)0);}
+EACH_INT_TYPE(FOO)
+#undef FOO
+
+#define FOO(S) \
+static inline void NUM(Ruby x, S &y) { \
+	if (TYPE(x)==T_FLOAT) y = RFLOAT(x)->value; \
+	else if (INTEGER_P(x)) y = convert(x,(S*)0); \
+	else RAISE("expected Float (or at least Integer)");}
+EACH_FLOAT_TYPE(FOO)
+#undef FOO
+
+void Grid::init_from_ruby_list(int n, Ruby *a, NumberTypeE nt) {
+	Ruby delim = SYM(#);
+	for (int i=0; i<n; i++) {
+		if (a[i] == delim) {
+			STACK_ARRAY(int32,v,i);
+			if (i!=0 && TYPE(a[i-1])==T_SYMBOL) nt=NumberTypeE_find(a[--i]);
+			for (int j=0; j<i; j++) v[j] = convert(a[j],(int32*)0);
+			init(new Dim(i,v),nt);
+			CHECK_ALIGN2(this->data,nt);
+			if (a[i] != delim) i++;
+			i++; a+=i; n-=i;
+			goto fill;
+		}
+	}
+	if (n!=0 && TYPE(a[0])==T_SYMBOL) {
+		nt = NumberTypeE_find(a[0]);
+		a++, n--;
+	}
+	init(new Dim(n),nt);
+	CHECK_ALIGN2(this->data,nt);
+	fill:
+	int nn = dim->prod();
+	n = min(n,nn);
+#define FOO(type) { \
+	Pt<type> p = (Pt<type>)*this; \
+	if (n==0) CLEAR(p,nn); \
+	else { \
+		for (int i=0; i<n; i++) NUM(a[i],p[i]); \
+		for (int i=n; i<nn; i+=n) COPY(p+i,p,min(n,nn-i)); }}
+	TYPESWITCH(nt,FOO,)
+#undef FOO
+}
+
+void Grid::init_from_ruby(Ruby x) {
+	if (TYPE(x)==T_ARRAY) {
+		init_from_ruby_list(rb_ary_len(x),rb_ary_ptr(x));
+	} else if (INTEGER_P(x) || FLOAT_P(x)) {
+		init(new Dim(),int32_e);
+		CHECK_ALIGN2(this->data,nt);
+		((Pt<int32>)*this)[0] = INT(x);
+	} else {
+		rb_funcall(
+		EVAL("proc{|x| raise \"can't convert to grid: #{x.inspect}\"}"),
+		SI(call),1,x);
+	}
+}
+
+// **************** GridInlet *************************************
+
+// must be set before the end of GRID_BEGIN phase, and so cannot be changed
+// afterwards. This is to allow some optimisations. Anyway there is no good reason
+// why this would be changed afterwards.
+void GridInlet::set_factor(int factor) {
+	if(!dim) RAISE("huh?");
+	if(factor<=0) RAISE("%s: factor=%d should be >= 1",INFO(parent),factor);
+	if (dim->prod() && dim->prod() % factor)
+		RAISE("%s: set_factor: expecting divisor",INFO(parent));
+	if (factor > 1) {
+		buf=new Grid(new Dim(factor), nt);
+		bufi=0;
+	} else {
+		buf=0;
+	}
+}
+
+static Ruby GridInlet_begin_1(GridInlet *self) {
+#define FOO(T) self->gh->flow(self,-1,Pt<T>()); break;
+	TYPESWITCH(self->nt,FOO,)
+#undef FOO
+	return Qnil;
+}
+
+static Ruby GridInlet_begin_2(GridInlet *self) {
+	self->dim = 0; // hack
+	return (Ruby) 0;
+}
+
+bool GridInlet::supports_type(NumberTypeE nt) {
+#define FOO(T) return !! gh->flow_##T;
+	TYPESWITCH(nt,FOO,return false)
+#undef FOO
+}
+
+Ruby GridInlet::begin(int argc, Ruby *argv) {TRACE;
+	if (!argc) return PTR2FIX(this);
+	GridOutlet *back_out = (GridOutlet *) Pointer_gut(argv[0]);
+	nt = (NumberTypeE) INT(argv[1]);
+	argc-=2, argv+=2;
+	PROF(parent) {
+	if (dim) {
+		gfpost("%s: grid inlet conflict; aborting %s in favour of %s",
+			INFO(parent), INFO(sender), INFO(back_out->parent));
+		abort();
+	}
+	sender = back_out->parent;
+	if ((int)nt<0 || (int)nt>=(int)number_type_table_end)
+		RAISE("%s: inlet: unknown number type",INFO(parent));
+	if (!supports_type(nt))
+		RAISE("%s: number type %s not supported here",
+			INFO(parent), number_type_table[nt].name);
+	STACK_ARRAY(int32,v,argc);
+	for (int i=0; i<argc; i++) v[i] = NUM2INT(argv[i]);
+	P<Dim> dim = this->dim = new Dim(argc,v);
+	dex=0;
+	buf=0;
+	int r = rb_ensure(
+		(RMethod)GridInlet_begin_1,(Ruby)this,
+		(RMethod)GridInlet_begin_2,(Ruby)this);
+	if (!r) {abort(); goto hell;}
+	this->dim = dim;
+	back_out->callback(this);
+	hell:;} // PROF
+	return Qnil;
+}
+
+template <class T> void GridInlet::flow(int mode, int n, Pt<T> data) {TRACE;
+	CHECK_BUSY(inlet);
+	CHECK_TYPE(*data);
+	CHECK_ALIGN(data);
+	PROF(parent) {
+	if (this->mode==0) {dex += n; return;} // ignore data
+	if (n==0) return; // no data
+	switch(mode) {
+	case 4:{
+		int d = dex + bufi;
+		if (d+n > dim->prod()) {
+			gfpost("grid input overflow: %d of %d from [%s] to [%s]",
+				d+n, dim->prod(), INFO(sender), 0);
+			n = dim->prod() - d;
+			if (n<=0) return;
+		}
+		int bufn = factor();
+		if (buf && bufi) {
+			Pt<T> bufd = (Pt<T>)*buf;
+			int k = min(n,bufn-bufi);
+			COPY(bufd+bufi,data,k);
+			bufi+=k; data+=k; n-=k;
+			if (bufi==bufn) {
+				int newdex = dex+bufn;
+				if (this->mode==6) {
+					Pt<T> data2 = ARRAY_NEW(T,bufn);
+					COPY(data2,bufd,bufn);
+					CHECK_ALIGN(data2);
+					gh->flow(this,bufn,data2);
+				} else {
+					CHECK_ALIGN(bufd);
+					gh->flow(this,bufn,bufd);
+				}
+				dex = newdex;
+				bufi = 0;
+			}
+		}
+		int m = (n/bufn)*bufn;
+		if (m) {
+			int newdex = dex + m;
+			if (this->mode==6) {
+				Pt<T> data2 = ARRAY_NEW(T,m);
+				COPY(data2,data,m);
+				CHECK_ALIGN(data2);
+				gh->flow(this,m,data2);
+			} else {
+				gh->flow(this,m,data);
+			}
+			dex = newdex;
+		}
+		data += m;
+		n -= m;
+		if (buf && n>0) COPY((Pt<T>)*buf+bufi,data,n), bufi+=n;
+	}break;
+	case 6:{
+		assert(!buf);
+		int newdex = dex + n;
+		gh->flow(this,n,data);
+		if (this->mode==4) delete[] (T *)data;
+		dex = newdex;
+	}break;
+	case 0: break; // ignore data
+	default: RAISE("%s: unknown inlet mode",INFO(parent));
+	}} // PROF
+}
+
+void GridInlet::end() {TRACE;
+	assert(this);
+	if (!dim) RAISE("%s: inlet not busy",INFO(parent));
+	if (dim->prod() != dex) {
+		gfpost("incomplete grid: %d of %d from [%s] to [%s]",
+			dex, dim->prod(), INFO(sender), INFO(parent));
+	}
+	PROF(parent) {
+#define FOO(T) gh->flow(this,-2,Pt<T>());
+	TYPESWITCH(nt,FOO,)
+#undef FOO
+	} // PROF
+	dim=0;
+	buf=0;
+	dex=0;
+}
+
+template <class T> void GridInlet::from_grid2(Grid *g, T foo) {TRACE;
+	nt = g->nt;
+	dim = g->dim;
+	int n = g->dim->prod();
+	gh->flow(this,-1,Pt<T>());
+	if (n>0 && this->mode!=0) {
+		Pt<T> data = (Pt<T>)*g;
+		CHECK_ALIGN(data);
+		int size = g->dim->prod();
+		if (this->mode==6) {
+			Pt<T> d = data;
+			data = ARRAY_NEW(T,size);  // problem with int64,float64 here.
+			COPY(data,d,size);
+			CHECK_ALIGN(data);
+			gh->flow(this,n,data);
+		} else {
+			int ntsz = number_type_table[nt].size;
+			int m = GridOutlet::MAX_PACKET_SIZE/*/ntsz*//factor();
+			if (!m) m++;
+			m *= factor();
+			while (n) {
+				if (m>n) m=n;
+				CHECK_ALIGN(data);
+				gh->flow(this,m,data);
+				data+=m; n-=m; dex+=m;
+			}			
+		}
+	}
+	gh->flow(this,-2,Pt<T>());
+	//!@#$ add error handling.
+	// rescue; abort(); end ???
+	dim = 0;
+	dex = 0;
+}
+
+void GridInlet::from_grid(Grid *g) {TRACE;
+	if (!supports_type(g->nt))
+		RAISE("%s: number type %s not supported here",
+			INFO(parent), number_type_table[g->nt].name);
+#define FOO(T) from_grid2(g,(T)0);
+	TYPESWITCH(g->nt,FOO,)
+#undef FOO
+}
+
+/* **************** GridOutlet ************************************ */
+
+void GridOutlet::begin(int woutlet, P<Dim> dim, NumberTypeE nt) {TRACE;
+	int n = dim->count();
+	this->nt = nt;
+	this->dim = dim;
+	Ruby a[n+4];
+	a[0] = INT2NUM(woutlet);
+	a[1] = bsym._grid;
+	a[2] = Pointer_s_noo(this);
+	a[3] = INT2NUM(nt);
+	for(int i=0; i<n; i++) a[4+i] = INT2NUM(dim->get(i));
+	parent->send_out(COUNT(a),a);
+	frozen=true;
+	if (!dim->prod()) {end(); return;}
+	int32 lcm_factor = 1;
+	for (uint32 i=0; i<inlets.size(); i++) lcm_factor = lcm(lcm_factor,inlets[i]->factor());
+	if (nt != buf->nt) {
+		// biggest packet size divisible by lcm_factor
+		int32 v = (MAX_PACKET_SIZE/lcm_factor)*lcm_factor;
+		if (v==0) v=MAX_PACKET_SIZE; // factor too big. don't have a choice.
+		buf=new Grid(new Dim(v),nt);
+	}
+}
+
+// send modifies dex; send_direct doesn't
+template <class T>
+void GridOutlet::send_direct(int n, Pt<T> data) {TRACE;
+	assert(data); assert(frozen);
+	CHECK_BUSY(outlet); CHECK_TYPE(*data); CHECK_ALIGN(data);
+	for (; n>0; ) {
+		int pn = min(n,MAX_PACKET_SIZE);
+		for (uint32 i=0; i<inlets.size(); i++) inlets[i]->flow(4,pn,data);
+		data+=pn, n-=pn;
+	}
+}
+
+void GridOutlet::flush() {TRACE;
+	if (!bufi) return;
+#define FOO(T) send_direct(bufi,(Pt<T>)*buf);
+	TYPESWITCH(buf->nt,FOO,)
+#undef FOO
+	bufi = 0;
+}
+
+template <class T, class S>
+static void convert_number_type(int n, Pt<T> out, Pt<S> in) {
+	for (int i=0; i<n; i++) out[i]=(T)in[i];
+}
+
+//!@#$ buffering in outlet still is 8x faster...?
+//!@#$ should use BitPacking for conversion...?
+// send modifies dex; send_direct doesn't
+template <class T>
+void GridOutlet::send(int n, Pt<T> data) {TRACE;
+	assert(data); assert(frozen);
+	if (!n) return;
+	CHECK_BUSY(outlet); CHECK_ALIGN(data);
+	if (NumberTypeE_type_of(*data)!=nt) {
+		int bs = MAX_PACKET_SIZE;
+#define FOO(T) { \
+	STACK_ARRAY(T,data2,bs); \
+	for (;n>=bs;n-=bs,data+=bs) { \
+		convert_number_type(bs,data2,data); send(bs,data2);} \
+	convert_number_type(n,data2,data); \
+	send(n,data2); }
+		TYPESWITCH(nt,FOO,)
+#undef FOO
+	} else {
+		dex += n;
+		assert(dex <= dim->prod());
+		if (n > MIN_PACKET_SIZE || bufi + n > MAX_PACKET_SIZE) flush();
+		if (n > MIN_PACKET_SIZE) {
+			send_direct(n,data);
+		} else {
+			COPY((Pt<T>)*buf+bufi,data,n);
+			bufi += n;
+		}
+		if (dex==dim->prod()) end();
+	}
+}
+
+template <class T>
+void GridOutlet::give(int n, Pt<T> data) {TRACE;
+	assert(data); CHECK_BUSY(outlet); assert(frozen);
+	assert(dex+n <= dim->prod()); CHECK_ALIGN(data);
+	if (NumberTypeE_type_of(*data)!=nt) {
+		send(n,data);
+		delete[] (T *)data;
+		return;
+	}
+	if (inlets.size()==1 && inlets[0]->mode == 6) {
+		// this is the copyless buffer passing
+		flush();
+		inlets[0]->flow(6,n,data);
+		dex += n;
+	} else {
+		flush();
+		send_direct(n,data);
+		dex += n;
+		delete[] (T *)data;
+	}
+	if (dex==dim->prod()) end();
+}
+
+void GridOutlet::callback(GridInlet *in) {TRACE;
+	CHECK_BUSY(outlet); assert(!frozen);
+	int mode = in->mode;
+	assert(mode==6 || mode==4 || mode==0);
+	inlets.push_back(in);
+}
+
+\class GridObject < FObject
+
+//!@#$ does not handle types properly
+//!@#$ most possibly a big hack
+template <class T>
+void GridObject_r_flow(GridInlet *in, int n, Pt<T> data) {
+	GridObject *self = in->parent;
+	uint32 i;
+	for (i=0; i<self->in.size(); i++) if (in==self->in[i].p) break;
+	if (i==self->in.size()) RAISE("inlet not found?");
+	if (n==-1) {
+		rb_funcall(self->rself,SI(send_in),2,INT2NUM(i),SYM(rgrid_begin));
+	} else if (n>=0) {
+		Ruby buf = rb_str_new((char *)((uint8 *)data),n*sizeof(T));
+		rb_funcall(self->rself,SI(send_in),3,INT2NUM(i),SYM(rgrid_flow),buf);
+	} else {
+		rb_funcall(self->rself,SI(send_in),2,INT2NUM(i),SYM(rgrid_end));
+	}
+}
+
+\def Symbol inlet_nt (int inln) {
+	if (inln<0 || inln>=(int)in.size()) RAISE("bad inlet number");
+	P<GridInlet> inl = in[inln];
+	if (!inl) RAISE("no such inlet #%d",inln);
+	if (!inl->dim) return Qnil;
+	return number_type_table[inl->nt].sym;
+}
+
+\def Array inlet_dim (int inln) {
+	if (inln<0 || inln>=(int)in.size()) RAISE("bad inlet number");
+	P<GridInlet> inl = in[inln];
+	if (!inl) RAISE("no such inlet #%d",inln);
+	if (!inl->dim) return Qnil;
+	int n=inl->dim->count();
+	Ruby a = rb_ary_new2(n);
+	for(int i=0; i<n; i++) rb_ary_push(a,INT2NUM(inl->dim->v[i]));
+	return a;
+}
+
+\def void inlet_set_factor (int inln, int factor) {
+	if (inln<0 || inln>=(int)in.size()) RAISE("bad inlet number");
+	P<GridInlet> inl = in[inln];
+	if (!inl) RAISE("no such inlet #%d",inln);
+	if (!inl->dim) RAISE("inlet #%d not active",inln);
+	inl->set_factor(factor);
+}
+
+\def void send_out_grid_begin (int outlet, Array buf, NumberTypeE nt=int32_e) {
+	if (outlet<0) RAISE("bad outlet number");
+	int n = rb_ary_len(buf);
+	Ruby *p = rb_ary_ptr(buf);
+	STACK_ARRAY(int32,v,n);
+	for (int i=0; i<n; i++) v[i] = convert(p[i],(int32*)0);
+	out = new GridOutlet(this,outlet,new Dim(n,v),nt); // valgrind says leak?
+}
+
+template <class T>
+void send_out_grid_flow_2(P<GridOutlet> go, Ruby s, T bogus) {
+	int n = rb_str_len(s) / sizeof(T);
+	Pt<T> p = rb_str_pt(s,T);
+	go->send(n,p);
+}
+
+\def void send_out_grid_flow (int outlet, String buf, NumberTypeE nt=int32_e) {
+	if (outlet<0) RAISE("bad outlet number");
+#define FOO(T) send_out_grid_flow_2(out,argv[1],(T)0);
+	TYPESWITCH(nt,FOO,)
+#undef FOO
+}
+
+// install_rgrid(Integer inlet, Boolean multi_type? = true)
+static Ruby GridObject_s_install_rgrid(int argc, Ruby *argv, Ruby rself) {
+	if (argc<1 || argc>2) RAISE("er...");
+	IEVAL(rself,"@handlers||=[]");
+	Ruby handlers = rb_ivar_get(rself,SI(@handlers));
+	GridHandler *gh = new GridHandler;
+	bool mt = argc>1 ? argv[1]==Qtrue : 0; /* multi_type? */
+	if (mt) {
+#define FOO(S) gh->flow_##S = GridObject_r_flow;
+EACH_NUMBER_TYPE(FOO)
+#undef FOO
+	} else {
+#define FOO(S) gh->flow_##S = 0;
+EACH_NUMBER_TYPE(FOO)
+#undef FOO
+	}
+	gh->flow_int32 = GridObject_r_flow;
+	//IEVAL(rself,"self.class_eval { def _0_grid(*a) ___grid(0,*a) end }");
+	rb_funcall(handlers,SI([]=),2,INT2NUM(INT(argv[0])),PTR2FIX(gh));
+	return Qnil;
+}
+
+static Ruby GridObject_s_instance_methods(int argc, Ruby *argv, Ruby rself) {
+	static const char *names[] = {"grid","list","float"};
+	Ruby list = rb_class_instance_methods(argc,argv,rself);
+	Ruby handlers = rb_ivar_get(rself,SI(@handlers));
+	if (handlers==Qnil) return list;
+	for (int i=0; i<rb_ary_len(handlers); i++) {
+		Ruby ghp = rb_ary_ptr(handlers)[i];
+		if (ghp==Qnil) continue;
+		GridHandler *gh = FIX2PTR(GridHandler,ghp);
+		char buf[256];
+		for (int j=0; j<COUNT(names); j++) {
+			sprintf(buf,"_%d_%s",i,names[j]);
+			rb_ary_push(list,rb_str_new2(buf));
+		}
+	}
+	return list;
+}
+
+// this does auto-conversion of list/float to grid
+// this also (will) do grid inputs for ruby stuff.
+\def Ruby method_missing (...) {
+    {
+	if (argc<1) RAISE("not enough arguments");
+	if (!SYMBOL_P(argv[0])) RAISE("expected symbol");
+	const char *name = rb_sym_name(argv[0]);
+	char *endp;
+	if (*name++!='_') goto hell;
+	int i = strtol(name,&endp,10);
+	if (name==endp) goto hell;
+	if (*endp++!='_') goto hell;
+	if (strcmp(endp,"grid")==0) {
+		Ruby handlers = rb_ivar_get(rb_obj_class(rself),SI(@handlers));
+		if (TYPE(handlers)!=T_ARRAY) {
+			rb_p(handlers);
+			RAISE("gridhandler-list missing (maybe forgot install_rgrid ?)"
+			" while trying to receive on inlet %d",i);
+		}
+		if (i>=rb_ary_len(handlers)) RAISE("BORK");
+		GridHandler *gh = FIX2PTR(GridHandler, rb_ary_ptr(handlers)[i]);
+		if (in.size()<=(uint32)i) in.resize(i+1);
+		if (!in[i]) in[i]=new GridInlet((GridObject *)this,gh);
+		return in[i]->begin(argc-1,argv+1);
+	}
+	// we call the grid method recursively to ask it its GridInlet*
+	// don't do this before checking the missing method is exactly that =)
+	char foo[42];
+	sprintf(foo,"_%d_grid",i);
+	P<GridInlet> inl = FIX2PTR(GridInlet,rb_funcall(rself,rb_intern(foo),0));
+	if (strcmp(endp,"list" )==0) return inl->from_ruby_list(argc-1,argv+1), Qnil;
+	if (strcmp(endp,"float")==0) return inl->from_ruby     (argc-1,argv+1), Qnil;
+    }
+    hell: return rb_call_super(argc,argv);
+}
+
+\classinfo {
+	IEVAL(rself,"install 'GridObject',0,0");
+	// define in Ruby-metaclass
+	rb_define_singleton_method(rself,"instance_methods",(RMethod)GridObject_s_instance_methods,-1);
+	rb_define_singleton_method(rself,"install_rgrid",(RMethod)GridObject_s_install_rgrid,-1);
+	rb_enable_super(rb_singleton_class(rself),"instance_methods");
+}
+\end class GridObject
+
+Ruby cGridObject;
+
+void startup_grid () {
+	\startall
+	cGridObject = rb_const_get(mGridFlow,SI(GridObject));
+}
+
+// never call this. this is a hack to make some things work.
+// i'm trying to circumvent either a bug in the compiler or i don't have a clue. :-(
+void make_gimmick () {
+	GridOutlet foo(0,0,0);
+#define FOO(S) foo.give(0,Pt<S>());
+EACH_NUMBER_TYPE(FOO)
+#undef FOO
+}
+
diff --git a/externals/gridflow/base/grid.h b/externals/gridflow/base/grid.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4aaf2aa3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/externals/gridflow/base/grid.h
@@ -0,0 +1,1109 @@
+/*
+	$Id: grid.h,v 1.1 2005-10-04 02:02:13 matju Exp $
+
+	GridFlow
+	Copyright (c) 2001,2002,2003,2004 by Mathieu Bouchard
+
+	This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+	modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
+	as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
+	of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+
+	See file ../COPYING for further informations on licensing terms.
+
+	This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+	but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+	MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+	GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+	You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+	along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+	Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
+*/
+
+#ifndef __GF_GRID_H
+#define __GF_GRID_H
+
+// current version number as string literal
+#define GF_VERSION "0.8.0"
+#define GF_COMPILE_TIME __DATE__ ", " __TIME__
+
+#include <new>
+#include <vector>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <math.h>
+
+extern "C" {
+#include <ruby.h>
+#include <rubyio.h>
+#include <version.h>
+};
+
+#ifndef RUBY_H
+#error "Can't do anything without ruby.h"
+#endif
+
+#include "../config.h"
+
+#ifdef __WIN32__
+#define INT winINT
+#define random rand
+#undef send
+#undef close
+#define sigjmp_buf jmp_buf
+#define siglongjmp longjmp
+#endif
+
+#define BUG(s,args...) {fprintf(stderr,s "\nat: %s\n",args,__PRETTY_FUNCTION__); ::raise(11);}
+
+// !@#$ what am I going to do about this? should this be changed?
+// should I wrap all of the Ruby API for C++-style convenience?
+typedef VALUE Ruby;
+// typedef struct Ruby { VALUE x };
+
+#ifdef IS_BRIDGE
+#define RAISE(args...) rb_raise(rb_eArgError,args)
+#else
+#define RAISE(args...) rb_raise0(__FILE__,__LINE__,__PRETTY_FUNCTION__,rb_eArgError,args)
+#endif
+
+// avoid ruby warning
+#ifndef rb_enable_super
+#define rb_enable_super(a,b) \
+	if (RUBY_RELEASE_CODE < 20030716) rb_enable_super(a,b)
+#endif
+
+/* undocumented function from Ruby that is one thing we need to fix a very elusive bug
+that manifests itself when embedding ruby inside a plugin of another app. This exists
+for all versions of Ruby up to now, and I don't know when it gets fixed. */
+extern "C" void Init_stack(VALUE *addr);
+
+extern "C" {
+void rb_raise0(
+const char *file, int line, const char *func, VALUE exc, const char *fmt, ...)
+__attribute__ ((noreturn));
+};
+#define L fprintf(stderr,"%s:%d in %s\n",__FILE__,__LINE__,__PRETTY_FUNCTION__);
+#define SI(_sym_) (rb_intern(#_sym_))
+#define SYM(_sym_) (ID2SYM(SI(_sym_)))
+#define DGS(_class_) \
+	_class_ *self; \
+	Data_Get_Struct(rself,_class_,self); \
+	self->check_magic();
+
+// returns the size of a statically defined array
+// warning: does not work with STACK_ARRAY()
+#define COUNT(_array_) ((int)(sizeof(_array_) / sizeof((_array_)[0])))
+
+static inline long  rb_str_len(Ruby s) {return RSTRING(s)->len;}
+static inline char *rb_str_ptr(Ruby s) {return RSTRING(s)->ptr;}
+static inline long  rb_ary_len(Ruby s) {return  RARRAY(s)->len;}
+static inline Ruby *rb_ary_ptr(Ruby s) {return  RARRAY(s)->ptr;}
+static inline const char *rb_sym_name(Ruby sym) {return rb_id2name(SYM2ID(sym));}
+#define rb_str_pt(s,t) Pt<t>((t*)rb_str_ptr(s),rb_str_len(s))
+
+// shorthands
+#define IEVAL(_self_,s) rb_funcall(_self_,SI(instance_eval),1,rb_str_new2(s))
+#define EVAL(s) rb_eval_string(s)
+#define rassert(_p_) if (!(_p_)) RAISE(#_p_);
+
+// because of older versions of Ruby (1.6.?)
+#define rb_obj_class(o) rb_funcall((o),SI(class),0)
+
+#define WATCH(n,ar) { \
+	char foo[16*1024], *p=foo; \
+	p += sprintf(p,"%s: ",#ar); \
+	for (int q=0; q<n; q++) p += sprintf(p,"%lld ",(long long)ar[q]); \
+	gfpost("%s",foo); \
+}
+
+// we're gonna override assert, so load it first, to avoid conflicts
+#include <assert.h>
+
+#undef assert
+#define assert(_expr_) \
+	if (!(_expr_)) { \
+		fprintf(stderr, "%s:%d: assertion failed: %s is false\n", \
+			__FILE__, __LINE__, #_expr_); \
+		::abort(); }
+
+// disabling assertion checking?
+#ifndef HAVE_DEBUG
+#undef assert
+#define assert(_foo_)
+#endif
+
+#ifdef HAVE_TSC_PROFILING
+#define HAVE_PROFILING
+#endif
+
+#ifdef HAVE_PROFILING
+#define PROF(_self_) for (GFStackMarker gf_marker(_self_);gf_marker.once();)
+#else
+#define PROF(_self_)
+#endif // HAVE_PROFILING
+
+static inline Ruby PTR2FIX (const void *ptr) {
+	long p = (long)ptr;
+	if ((p&3)!=0) BUG("unaligned pointer: %08x\n",(long)(ptr));
+	return LONG2NUM(p>>2);
+}
+#define FIX2PTR(type,ruby) ((type *)(TO(long,ruby)<<2))
+
+//****************************************************************
+
+/* int32 was long before, now int, because of amd64 */
+typedef char  int8;     typedef unsigned char  uint8;
+typedef short int16;    typedef unsigned short uint16;
+typedef int   int32;    typedef unsigned int  uint32;
+typedef long long int64;typedef unsigned long long uint64;
+typedef float  float32;
+typedef double float64;
+
+// three-way comparison (T is assumed Comparable)
+template <class T> static inline T cmp(T a, T b) { return a<b ? -1 : a>b; }
+
+// a remainder function such that div2(a,b)*b+mod(a,b) = a and for which
+// mod(a,b) is in [0;b) or (b;0]. in contrast to C-language builtin a%b,
+// this one has uniform behaviour around zero.
+static inline int mod(int a, int b) {
+int c=a%b; c+=b&-(c&&(a<0)^(b<0)); return c;}
+
+// counterpart of mod(a,b), just like a/b and a%b are counterparts
+static inline int div2(int a, int b) {
+int c=a<0; return (a/b)-(c&&!!(a%b));}
+
+static inline int32   gf_abs(  int32 a) { return a>0?a:-a; }
+static inline int64   gf_abs(  int64 a) { return a>0?a:-a; }
+static inline float32 gf_abs(float32 a) { return fabs(a); }
+static inline float64 gf_abs(float64 a) { return fabs(a); }
+
+// integer powers in log(b) time. T is assumed Integer
+template <class T> static inline T ipow(T a, T b) {
+	for(T r=1;;) {if (b&1) r*=a; b>>=1; if (!b) return r; a*=a;}
+}	
+
+// kludge
+static inline float32 ipow(float32 a, float32 b) { return pow(a,b); }
+static inline float64 ipow(float64 a, float64 b) { return pow(a,b); }
+
+#undef min
+#undef max
+// minimum/maximum functions; T is assumed to be Comparable
+template <class T> static inline T min(T a, T b) { return a<b?a:b; }
+template <class T> static inline T max(T a, T b) { return a>b?a:b; }
+//template <class T> inline T min(T a, T b) { T c = (a-b)>>31; return (a&c)|(b&~c); }
+//template <class T> inline T max(T a, T b) { T c = (a-b)>>31; return (a&c)|(b&~c); }
+
+// greatest common divisor, by euclid's algorithm
+// this runs in log(a+b) number operations
+template <class T> static T gcd (T a, T b) {
+	while (b) {T c=mod(a,b); a=b; b=c;}
+	return a;
+}
+
+// greatest common divisor, the binary algorithm. haven't tried yet.
+template <class T> static T gcd2 (T a, T b) {
+	int s=0;
+	while ((a|b)&1==0) { a>>=1; b>>=1; s++; }
+	while (a) {
+		if (a&1==0) a>>=1;
+		else if (b&1==0) b>>=1;
+		else {T t=abs(a-b); if (a<b) b=t; else a=t;}
+	}
+	return b<<s;
+}
+
+// least common multiple; this runs in log(a+b) like gcd.
+template <class T> static inline T lcm (T a, T b) {return a*b/gcd(a,b);}
+
+// returns the position (0..31) of highest bit set in a word, or 0 if none.
+#define FOO(N) if ((x>>N)&(((typeof(x))1<<N)-1)) { x>>=N; i+=N; }
+static int highest_bit(uint8  x) {int i=0;                    FOO(4)FOO(2)FOO(1)return i;}
+static int highest_bit(uint16 x) {int i=0;              FOO(8)FOO(4)FOO(2)FOO(1)return i;}
+static int highest_bit(uint32 x) {int i=0;       FOO(16)FOO(8)FOO(4)FOO(2)FOO(1)return i;}
+static int highest_bit(uint64 x) {int i=0;FOO(32)FOO(16)FOO(8)FOO(4)FOO(2)FOO(1)return i;}
+#undef FOO
+// returns the position (0..31) of lowest bit set in a word, or 0 if none.
+template <class T> static int lowest_bit(T n) { return highest_bit((~n+1)&n); }
+
+static double drand() { return 1.0*rand()/(RAND_MAX+1.0); }
+
+// is little-endian
+static inline bool is_le() {int x=1; return ((char *)&x)[0];}
+
+#if defined(HAVE_PENTIUM)
+static inline uint64 rdtsc() {
+	uint64 x; __asm__ volatile (".byte 0x0f, 0x31":"=A"(x)); return x;
+}
+#elif defined(HAVE_PPC)
+static inline uint64 rdtsc() {
+#include <mach/mach.h>
+#include <mach/mach_time.h>
+/* see AbsoluteToNanoseconds(), Microseconds()
+http://www.simdtech.org/apps/group_public/email/altivec/msg01956.html
+and mach_absolute_time() and mach_timebase_info(&info),
+then ns=(time*info.numer)/info.denom;
+and the timebase_info is constant
+(double)mach_absolute_time*gTimeBaseToNS*/
+return 0;
+}
+#else
+static inline uint64 rdtsc() {return 0;}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef HAVE_LITE
+#define EACH_INT_TYPE(MACRO) MACRO(uint8) MACRO(int16) MACRO(int32)
+#define EACH_FLOAT_TYPE(MACRO)
+#else
+#define EACH_INT_TYPE(MACRO) MACRO(uint8) MACRO(int16) MACRO(int32) MACRO(int64)
+#define EACH_FLOAT_TYPE(MACRO) MACRO(float32) MACRO(float64)
+#endif
+#define EACH_NUMBER_TYPE(MACRO) EACH_INT_TYPE(MACRO) EACH_FLOAT_TYPE(MACRO)
+
+// note: loop unrolling macros assume N!=0
+// btw this may cause alignment problems when 8 does not divide N
+#define UNROLL_8(MACRO,N,PTR,ARGS...) \
+	int n__=(-N)&7; PTR-=n__; N+=n__; \
+	switch (n__) { start: \
+		case 0:MACRO(0); case 1:MACRO(1); case 2:MACRO(2); case 3:MACRO(3); \
+		case 4:MACRO(4); case 5:MACRO(5); case 6:MACRO(6); case 7:MACRO(7); \
+		PTR+=8; N-=8; ARGS; if (N) goto start; }
+#define UNROLL_4(MACRO,N,PTR,ARGS...) \
+	int n__=(-N)&3; PTR-=n__; N+=n__; \
+	switch (n__) { start: \
+		case 0:MACRO(0); case 1:MACRO(1); case 2:MACRO(2); case 3:MACRO(3); \
+		PTR+=4; N-=4; ARGS; if (N) goto start; }
+
+//****************************************************************
+// hook into pointer manipulation. will help find memory corruption bugs.
+
+template <class T> class Pt {
+typedef ptrdiff_t /* and not int nor long */ Z;
+public:
+	T *p;
+#ifdef HAVE_DEBUG
+	T *start;
+	Z n;
+	Pt() : p(0), start(0), n(0) {}
+	Pt(T *q, Z _n) : p(q), start(q), n(_n) {}
+	Pt(T *q, Z _n, T *_start) : p(q), start(_start), n(_n) {}
+#else
+	Pt() : p(0) {}
+	Pt(T *q, Z _n, T *_start=0) : p(q) {}
+#endif
+	T &operator *() { return *p; }
+	Pt operator+=(Z i) { p+=i; return *this; }
+	Pt operator-=(Z	i) { p-=i; return *this; }
+	Pt operator++(   ) { p++;  return *this; }
+	Pt operator--(   ) { p--;  return *this; }
+	Pt operator++(int) { Pt f(*this); ++*this; return f; }
+	Pt operator--(int) { Pt f(*this); --*this; return f; }
+	T &operator[](Z i) {
+#ifdef HAVE_DEBUG_HARDER
+		if (!(p+i>=start && p+i<start+n))
+			BUG("BUFFER OVERFLOW: 0x%08lx[%ld]=0x%08lx is not in 0x%08lx..0x%08lx",
+				(long)p, (long)i, (long)(p+i),(long)start,(long)(start+n));
+#endif
+		return p[i];
+	}
+
+	void will_use(int k) {
+#ifdef HAVE_DEBUG_HARDER
+		if (k==0) return;
+		T *q = p+k;
+		if (!(p>=start && p<start+n && q>=start && q<=start+n))
+			BUG("BUFFER OVERFLOW: 0x%08lx...0x%08lx is not all inside 0x%08lx...0x%08lx",
+				(long)p,(long)q,start,(long)(start+n));
+#endif
+	}
+
+	Z operator-(Pt x) { return p-x.p; }
+	operator bool   () { return (bool   )p; }
+	operator void  *() { return (void  *)p; }
+	operator int8  *() { return (int8  *)p; }
+
+/* how do i make typecast operators that are not also default conversions??? */
+/* this should be found so i can clean up the following: */
+#define FOO(S) operator S *() { return (S *)p; }
+EACH_NUMBER_TYPE(FOO)
+#undef FOO
+#ifdef HAVE_DEBUG
+#define FOO(S) operator Pt<S>() { return Pt<S>((S *)p,n*sizeof(T)/1,(S *)start); }
+EACH_NUMBER_TYPE(FOO)
+#undef FOO
+#else
+#define FOO(S) operator Pt<S>() { return Pt<S>((S *)p,0); }
+EACH_NUMBER_TYPE(FOO)
+#undef FOO
+#endif
+/* end 0.8 (TESTING) */
+	
+#ifdef HAVE_DEBUG
+	template <class U> Pt operator+(U x) { return Pt(p+x,n,start); }
+	template <class U> Pt operator-(U x) { return Pt(p-x,n,start); }
+#else
+	template <class U> Pt operator+(U x) { return Pt(p+x,0); }
+	template <class U> Pt operator-(U x) { return Pt(p-x,0); }
+#endif
+};
+
+//template <class T> class P : Pt<T> {};
+//a reference counting pointer class
+template <class T> class P {
+public:
+#define INCR if (p) p->refcount++;
+#define DECR if (p) {p->refcount--; if (!p->refcount) delete p;}
+	T *p;
+	P() : p(0) {}
+	P(T *_p)            { p = _p; INCR; }
+	P(const P<T> &_p) { p = _p.p; INCR; }
+	P<T> &operator =(T *  _p) { DECR; p=_p;   INCR; return *this; }
+	P<T> &operator =(P<T> _p) { DECR; p=_p.p; INCR; return *this; }
+	bool operator ==(P<T> _p) { return p == _p.p; }
+	bool operator !=(P<T> _p) { return p != _p.p; }
+	~P() { DECR; }
+	bool operator !(){ return  !p; }
+	operator bool()  { return !!p; }
+	T &operator *()  { return  *p; }
+	T *operator ->() { return   p; }
+//#undef INCR
+//#undef DECR
+};
+
+#ifndef IS_BRIDGE
+extern "C" void *gfmalloc(size_t n);
+extern "C" void gffree(void *p);
+inline void *::operator new   (size_t n) { return gfmalloc(n); }
+inline void *::operator new[] (size_t n) { return gfmalloc(n); }
+inline void  ::operator delete   (void *p) { gffree(p); }
+inline void  ::operator delete[] (void *p) { gffree(p); }
+#endif
+
+#define STACK_ARRAY(T,V,N) T V##_foo[N]; Pt<T> V(V##_foo,N);
+#define ARRAY_NEW(T,N) (Pt<T>((T *)new T[N],N))
+
+void gfmemcopy(uint8 *out, const uint8 *in, int n);
+template <class T> inline void COPY(Pt<T> dest, Pt<T> src, int n) {
+	src.will_use(n); dest.will_use(n);
+	gfmemcopy((uint8*)dest,(const uint8*)src,n*sizeof(T));
+}
+template <class T> inline void CLEAR(Pt<T> dest, int n) {
+	dest.will_use(n);
+	memset(dest,0,n*sizeof(T));
+}
+template <class T> static void memswap (Pt<T> a, Pt<T> b, int n) {
+	STACK_ARRAY(T,c,n); COPY(c,a,n); COPY(a,b,n); COPY(b,c,n);
+}
+
+//****************************************************************
+// my own little Ruby <-> C++ layer
+
+struct Arg { Ruby a; };
+struct ArgList { int n; Pt<Arg> v; };
+static inline bool INTEGER_P(Ruby x) {return FIXNUM_P(x)||TYPE(x)==T_BIGNUM;}
+static inline bool FLOAT_P(Ruby x)   {return TYPE(x)==T_FLOAT;}
+#define INT(x) TO(int32,x)
+#define TO(t,x) convert(x,(t*)0)
+
+// not using NUM2INT because Ruby can convert Symbol to int
+// (by compatibility with Ruby 1.4)
+static inline int32 convert(Ruby x, int32 *foo) {
+	if (INTEGER_P(x)) return NUM2INT(x);
+	if (FLOAT_P(x)) return NUM2INT(rb_funcall(x,SI(round),0));
+	RAISE("expected Integer or Float (got %s)",
+		rb_str_ptr(rb_funcall(x,SI(inspect),0)));
+}
+static int16 convert(Ruby x, int16 *foo) {
+	int v = INT(x);
+	if (v<-0x8000 || v>=0x8000) RAISE("value %d is out of range",v);
+	return v;}
+static uint16 convert(Ruby x, uint16 *foo) {
+	int v = INT(x);
+	if (v<0 || v>=0x10000) RAISE("value %d is out of range",v);
+	return v;}
+static bool  convert(Ruby x, bool  *foo) {
+	if (x==Qtrue) return true;
+	if (x==Qfalse) return false;
+	switch (TYPE(x)) {
+		case T_FIXNUM: case T_BIGNUM: case T_FLOAT: return !!INT(x);
+		default: RAISE("can't convert to bool");
+	}
+}
+
+static uint64 convert(Ruby val, uint64 *foo) {
+	if (FIXNUM_P(val)) return (uint64)FIX2LONG(val);
+	if (TYPE(val)!=T_BIGNUM) RAISE("type error");
+	uint64 v = (uint64)NUM2UINT(rb_funcall(val,SI(>>),1,INT2FIX(32))) << 32;
+	return v + NUM2UINT(rb_funcall(val,SI(&),1,UINT2NUM(0xffffffff)));}
+static int64 convert(Ruby val, int64 *foo) {
+	if (FIXNUM_P(val)) return (int64)FIX2LONG(val);
+	if (TYPE(val)!=T_BIGNUM) RAISE("type error");
+	int64 v = (int64)NUM2INT(rb_funcall(val,SI(>>),1,INT2FIX(32))) << 32;
+	return v + NUM2UINT(rb_funcall(val,SI(&),1,UINT2NUM(0xffffffff)));}
+
+static Ruby gf_ull2num(uint64 val) {
+    return rb_funcall(
+	rb_funcall(UINT2NUM((uint32)(val>>32)),SI(<<),1,INT2FIX(32)),
+	SI(+),1,UINT2NUM((uint32)val));}
+static Ruby gf_ll2num(int64 val) {
+    return rb_funcall(
+	rb_funcall(INT2NUM((int32)(val>>32)),SI(<<),1,INT2FIX(32)),
+	SI(+),1,UINT2NUM((uint32)val));}
+
+static  long  convert(Ruby x,   long *foo) {
+	return sizeof(long)==sizeof(int32) ?
+		convert(x,(int32 *)0) :
+		convert(x,(int64 *)0);
+}
+static float64 convert(Ruby x, float64 *foo) {
+	if (INTEGER_P(x)) return INT(x);
+	if (TYPE(x)!=T_FLOAT) RAISE("not a Float");
+	return ((RFloat*)x)->value;}
+static float32 convert(Ruby x, float32 *foo) {
+	return (float32) convert(x,(float64 *)0);}
+typedef Ruby Symbol, Array, String, Integer;
+static Ruby convert(Ruby x, Ruby *bogus) { return x; }
+typedef Ruby (*RMethod)(...); /* !@#$ fishy */
+
+#define BUILTIN_SYMBOLS(MACRO) \
+	MACRO(_grid,"grid") MACRO(_bang,"bang") MACRO(_float,"float") \
+	MACRO(_list,"list") MACRO(_sharp,"#") \
+	MACRO(iv_outlets,"@outlets") \
+	MACRO(iv_ninlets,"@ninlets") \
+	MACRO(iv_noutlets,"@noutlets")
+extern struct BuiltinSymbols {
+#define FOO(_sym_,_str_) Ruby _sym_;
+BUILTIN_SYMBOLS(FOO)
+#undef FOO
+} bsym;
+
+//****************************************************************
+// CObject is the base class for C++ classes that get exported to Ruby.
+// BTW: It's quite convenient to have virtual-methods in the base class
+// because otherwise the vtable* isn't at the beginning of the object
+// and that's pretty confusing to a lot of people, especially when simple
+// casting causes a pointer to change its value.
+struct CObject {
+#define OBJECT_MAGIC 1618033989
+	int32 magic;
+	int32 refcount;
+	Ruby rself; // point to Ruby peer
+	CObject() : magic(OBJECT_MAGIC), refcount(0), rself(0) {}
+	void check_magic () {
+		if (magic != OBJECT_MAGIC) {
+			fprintf(stderr,"Object memory corruption! (ask the debugger)\n");
+			for (int i=-2; i<=2; i++)
+				fprintf(stderr,"this[%d]=0x%08x\n",i,((int*)this)[i]);
+			raise(11);
+		}
+	}
+	virtual ~CObject() { magic = 0xDEADBEEF; }
+	virtual void mark() {} // not used for now
+};
+void CObject_free (void *);
+
+// you shouldn't use MethodDecl directly (used by source_filter.rb)
+struct MethodDecl { const char *selector; RMethod method; };
+void define_many_methods(Ruby rself, int n, MethodDecl *methods);
+
+extern Ruby mGridFlow, cFObject, cGridObject, cFormat;
+
+//****************************************************************
+// a Dim is a list of dimensions that describe the shape of a grid
+\class Dim < CObject
+struct Dim : CObject {
+	static const int MAX_DIMENSIONS=16; // maximum number of dimensions in a grid
+	int n;
+	Pt<int32> v; // safe pointer
+	int32 v2[MAX_DIMENSIONS]; // real stuff
+	void check(); // test invariants
+	Dim(int n, Pt<int32> v) {
+		this->v = Pt<int32>(v2,MAX_DIMENSIONS);
+		this->n = n;
+		COPY(this->v,v,n); check();
+	}
+	Dim(int n, int32* v) {
+		this->v = Pt<int32>(v2,MAX_DIMENSIONS);
+		this->n = n;
+		COPY(this->v,Pt<int32>(v,n),n); check();
+	}
+	Dim()                 {v=Pt<int32>(v2,MAX_DIMENSIONS); n=0;                     check();}
+	Dim(int a)            {v=Pt<int32>(v2,MAX_DIMENSIONS); n=1;v[0]=a;              check();}
+	Dim(int a,int b)      {v=Pt<int32>(v2,MAX_DIMENSIONS); n=2;v[0]=a;v[1]=b;       check();}
+	Dim(int a,int b,int c){v=Pt<int32>(v2,MAX_DIMENSIONS); n=3;v[0]=a;v[1]=b;v[2]=c;check();}
+	int count() {return n;}
+	int get(int i) { return v[i]; }
+	int32 prod(int start=0, int end=-1) {
+		if (end<0) end+=n;
+		int32 tot=1;
+		for (int i=start; i<=end; i++) tot *= v[i];
+		return tot;
+	}
+	char *to_s();
+	bool equal(P<Dim> o) {
+		if (n!=o->n) return false;
+		for (int i=0; i<n; i++) if (v[i]!=o->v[i]) return false;
+		return true;
+	}
+};
+\end class Dim
+
+//****************************************************************
+//BitPacking objects encapsulate optimised loops of conversion
+struct BitPacking;
+// those are the types of the optimised loops of conversion 
+// inputs are const
+struct Packer {
+#define FOO(S) void (*as_##S)(BitPacking *self, int n, Pt<S> in,   Pt<uint8> out);
+EACH_INT_TYPE(FOO)
+#undef FOO
+};
+struct Unpacker {
+#define FOO(S) void (*as_##S)(BitPacking *self, int n, Pt<uint8> in, Pt<S> out);
+EACH_INT_TYPE(FOO)
+#undef FOO
+};
+
+\class BitPacking < CObject
+struct BitPacking : CObject {
+	Packer *packer;
+	Unpacker *unpacker;
+	unsigned int endian; // 0=big, 1=little, 2=same, 3=different
+	int bytes;
+	int size;
+	uint32 mask[4];
+	BitPacking(){::abort();} // don't call, but don't remove. sorry.
+	BitPacking(int endian, int bytes, int size, uint32 *mask,
+		Packer *packer=0, Unpacker *unpacker=0);
+	bool is_le();
+	bool eq(BitPacking *o);
+	\decl void initialize(Ruby foo1, Ruby foo2, Ruby foo3);
+	\decl String pack2(String ins, String outs=Qnil);
+	\decl String unpack2(String ins, String outs=Qnil);
+	\decl String to_s();
+// main entrances to Packers/Unpackers
+	template <class T> void pack(  int n, Pt<T> in, Pt<uint8> out);
+	template <class T> void unpack(int n, Pt<uint8> in, Pt<T> out);
+};
+\end class
+
+int high_bit(uint32 n);
+int  low_bit(uint32 n);
+void swap32 (int n, Pt<uint32> data);
+void swap16 (int n, Pt<uint16> data);
+
+#define NT_UNSIGNED (1<<0)
+#define NT_FLOAT    (1<<1)
+#define NT_UNIMPL   (1<<2)
+#define NUMBER_TYPE_LIMITS(T,a,b,c) \
+	inline T nt_smallest(T *bogus) {return a;} \
+	inline T nt_greatest(T *bogus) {return b;} \
+	inline T nt_all_ones(T *bogus) {return c;}
+
+NUMBER_TYPE_LIMITS(  uint8,0,255,255)
+NUMBER_TYPE_LIMITS(  int16,-0x8000,0x7fff,-1)
+NUMBER_TYPE_LIMITS(  int32,-0x80000000,0x7fffffff,-1)
+NUMBER_TYPE_LIMITS(  int64,-0x8000000000000000LL,0x7fffffffffffffffLL,-1)
+NUMBER_TYPE_LIMITS(float32,-HUGE_VAL,+HUGE_VAL,(RAISE("all_ones"),0))
+NUMBER_TYPE_LIMITS(float64,-HUGE_VAL,+HUGE_VAL,(RAISE("all_ones"),0))
+
+#ifdef HAVE_LITE
+#define NT_NOTLITE NT_UNIMPL
+#define NONLITE(x...)
+#else
+#define NT_NOTLITE 0
+#define NONLITE(x...) x
+#endif
+#define NUMBER_TYPES(MACRO) \
+	MACRO(  uint8, 8,NT_UNSIGNED, "u8,b")          MACRO( int8, 8,NT_UNIMPL, "i8") \
+	MACRO( uint16,16,NT_UNSIGNED|NT_UNIMPL, "u16") MACRO(int16,16,0, "i16,s") \
+	MACRO( uint32,32,NT_UNSIGNED|NT_UNIMPL, "u32") MACRO(int32,32,0, "i32,i") \
+	MACRO( uint64,64,NT_UNSIGNED|NT_UNIMPL, "u64") MACRO(int64,64,NT_NOTLITE, "i64,l") \
+	MACRO(float32,32,NT_NOTLITE|NT_FLOAT, "f32,f") \
+	MACRO(float64,64,NT_NOTLITE|NT_FLOAT, "f64,d")
+
+enum NumberTypeE {
+#define FOO(_sym_,args...) _sym_##_e,
+NUMBER_TYPES(FOO)
+#undef FOO
+	number_type_table_end
+};
+
+#define FOO(_type_) \
+inline NumberTypeE NumberTypeE_type_of(_type_ &x) { \
+	return _type_##_e; }
+EACH_NUMBER_TYPE(FOO)
+#undef FOO
+
+\class NumberType < CObject
+struct NumberType : CObject {
+	Ruby /*Symbol*/ sym;
+	const char *name;
+	int size;
+	int flags;
+	const char *aliases;
+	NumberTypeE index;
+	NumberType(const char *name_, int size_, int flags_, const char *aliases_) :
+		name(name_), size(size_), flags(flags_), aliases(aliases_) {}
+	\decl Symbol sym_m();
+	\decl int size_m();
+	\decl int flags_m();
+	\decl int index_m();
+};
+\end class
+
+NumberTypeE NumberTypeE_find (Ruby sym);
+
+#define TYPESWITCH(T,C,E) switch (T) { \
+  case uint8_e:   C(uint8) break;         case int16_e: C(int16) break; \
+  case int32_e:   C(int32) break; NONLITE(case int64_e: C(int64) break; \
+  case float32_e: C(float32) break; case float64_e: C(float64) break;) \
+  default: E; RAISE("type '%s' not available here",number_type_table[T].sym);}
+#define TYPESWITCH_NOFLOAT(T,C,E) switch (T) { \
+  case uint8_e: C(uint8) break; case int16_e: C(int16) break; \
+  case int32_e: C(int32) break;   NONLITE(case int64_e: C(int64) break;)\
+  default: E; RAISE("type '%s' not available here",number_type_table[T].sym);}
+
+// Numop objects encapsulate optimised loops of simple operations
+
+enum LeftRight { at_left, at_right };
+
+template <class T>
+struct NumopOn : CObject {
+	// Function Vectorisations
+	typedef void (*Map )(        int n, T *as, T  b ); Map  op_map;
+	typedef void (*Zip )(        int n, T *as, T *bs); Zip  op_zip;
+	typedef void (*Fold)(int an, int n, T *as, T *bs); Fold op_fold;
+	typedef void (*Scan)(int an, int n, T *as, T *bs); Scan op_scan;
+	// Algebraic Properties (those involving simply numeric types)
+	typedef bool (*AlgebraicCheck)(T x, LeftRight side);
+	// neutral: right: forall y {f(x,y)=x}; left: forall x {f(x,y)=y};
+	// absorbent: right: exists a forall y {f(x,y)=a}; ...
+	AlgebraicCheck is_neutral, is_absorbent;
+	NumopOn(Map m, Zip z, Fold f, Scan s, AlgebraicCheck n, AlgebraicCheck a) :
+		op_map(m), op_zip(z), op_fold(f), op_scan(s),
+		is_neutral(n), is_absorbent(a) {}
+	NumopOn() {}
+	NumopOn(const NumopOn &z) {
+		op_map  = z.op_map;  op_zip  = z.op_zip;
+		op_fold = z.op_fold; op_scan = z.op_scan;
+		is_neutral = z.is_neutral; is_absorbent = z.is_absorbent; }
+};
+
+// semigroup property: associativity: f(a,f(b,c))=f(f(a,b),c)
+#define OP_ASSOC (1<<0)
+// abelian property: commutativity: f(a,b)=f(b,a)
+#define OP_COMM  (1<<1)
+
+\class Numop < CObject
+struct Numop : CObject {
+	Ruby /*Symbol*/ sym;
+	const char *name;
+	int flags;
+//private:
+#define FOO(T) \
+	NumopOn<T> on_##T; \
+	NumopOn<T> *on(T &foo) { \
+		if (!on_##T.op_map) \
+			RAISE("operator %s does not support type "#T,rb_sym_name(sym)); \
+		return &on_##T;}
+EACH_NUMBER_TYPE(FOO)
+#undef FOO
+//public:
+	template <class T> inline void map(int n, Pt<T> as, T b) {
+		as.will_use(n);
+		on(*as)->op_map(n,(T *)as,b);}
+	template <class T> inline void zip(int n, Pt<T> as, Pt<T> bs) {
+		as.will_use(n);
+		bs.will_use(n);
+		on(*as)->op_zip(n,(T *)as,(T *)bs);}
+	template <class T> inline void fold(int an, int n, Pt<T> as, Pt<T> bs) {
+		as.will_use(an);
+		bs.will_use(an*n);
+		typename NumopOn<T>::Fold f = on(*as)->op_fold;
+		if (!f) RAISE("operator %s does not support fold",rb_sym_name(sym));
+		f(an,n,(T *)as,(T *)bs);}
+	template <class T> inline void scan(int an, int n, Pt<T> as, Pt<T> bs) {
+		as.will_use(an);
+		bs.will_use(an*n);
+		typename NumopOn<T>::Scan f = on(*as)->op_scan;
+		if (!f) RAISE("operator %s does not support scan",rb_sym_name(sym));
+		f(an,n,(T *)as,(T *)bs);}
+
+	\decl void map_m  (NumberTypeE nt, int n, String as, String b);
+	\decl void zip_m  (NumberTypeE nt, int n, String as, String bs);
+	\decl void fold_m (NumberTypeE nt, int an, int n, String as, String bs);
+	\decl void scan_m (NumberTypeE nt, int an, int n, String as, String bs);
+
+	Numop(Ruby /*Symbol*/ sym_, const char *name_,
+#define FOO(T) NumopOn<T> op_##T, 
+EACH_NUMBER_TYPE(FOO)
+#undef FOO
+	int flags_) : sym(sym_), name(name_), flags(flags_) {
+#define FOO(T) on_##T = op_##T;
+EACH_NUMBER_TYPE(FOO)
+#undef FOO
+	}
+};
+\end class
+
+extern NumberType number_type_table[];
+extern Ruby number_type_dict; // GridFlow.@number_type_dict={}
+extern Ruby op_dict; // GridFlow.@op_dict={}
+
+static inline NumberTypeE convert(Ruby x, NumberTypeE *bogus) {
+	return NumberTypeE_find(x);
+}
+
+#ifndef IS_BRIDGE
+static Numop *convert(Ruby x, Numop **bogus) {
+	Ruby s = rb_hash_aref(rb_ivar_get(mGridFlow,SI(@op_dict)),x);
+	if (s==Qnil) RAISE("expected two-input-operator");
+	return FIX2PTR(Numop,s);
+}
+#endif
+
+// ****************************************************************
+\class Grid < CObject
+struct Grid : CObject {
+	P<Dim> dim;
+	NumberTypeE nt;
+	void *data;
+	void *rdata;
+	Grid(P<Dim> dim, NumberTypeE nt, bool clear=false) : dim(0), nt(int32_e), data(0) {
+		if (!dim) RAISE("hell");
+		init(dim,nt);
+		if (clear) {int size = bytes(); CLEAR(Pt<char>((char *)data,size),size);}
+	}
+	Grid(Ruby x) : dim(0), nt(int32_e), data(0) { init_from_ruby(x); }
+	Grid(int n, Ruby *a, NumberTypeE nt=int32_e) : dim(0), nt(int32_e), data(0) {
+		init_from_ruby_list(n,a,nt);
+	}
+	int32 bytes() { return dim->prod()*number_type_table[nt].size/8; }
+	P<Dim> to_dim () { return new Dim(dim->prod(),(Pt<int32>)*this); }
+#define FOO(type) \
+	operator type *() { return (type *)data; } \
+	operator Pt<type>() { return Pt<type>((type *)data,dim->prod()); }
+EACH_NUMBER_TYPE(FOO)
+#undef FOO
+	Grid *dup () {
+		Grid *foo=new Grid(dim,nt);
+		memcpy(foo->data,data,bytes());
+		return foo;
+	}
+	~Grid() {if (rdata) delete[] (uint8 *)rdata;}
+private:
+	void init(P<Dim> dim, NumberTypeE nt) {
+		this->dim = dim;
+		this->nt = nt;
+		rdata = dim ? new int64[1+(bytes()+7)/8] : 0;
+		int align = ((long)rdata) & 7;
+		data = (char *)rdata + ((8-align)&7);
+		//fprintf(stderr,"rdata=%p data=%p align=%d\n",rdata,data,align);
+	}
+	void init_from_ruby(Ruby x);
+	void init_from_ruby_list(int n, Ruby *a, NumberTypeE nt=int32_e);
+};
+\end class Grid
+
+static inline Grid *convert (Ruby r, Grid **bogus) {
+	return r ? new Grid(r) : 0;
+}
+
+// DimConstraint interface:
+// return if d is acceptable
+// else RAISE with proper descriptive message
+typedef void (*DimConstraint)(P<Dim> d);
+
+struct PtrGrid : public P<Grid> {
+	DimConstraint dc;
+	void constrain(DimConstraint dc_) { dc=dc_; }
+	P<Grid> next;
+	PtrGrid()                  : P<Grid>(), dc(0), next(0) {}
+	PtrGrid(const PtrGrid &_p) : P<Grid>(), dc(0), next(0) {dc=_p.dc; p=_p.p; INCR;}
+	PtrGrid &operator =(  Grid *_p) {if(dc&&p)dc(_p->dim); DECR; p=_p;   INCR; return *this;}
+	PtrGrid &operator =(P<Grid> _p) {if(dc&&p)dc(_p->dim); DECR; p=_p.p; INCR; return *this;}
+	PtrGrid &operator =(PtrGrid _p) {if(dc&&p)dc(_p->dim); DECR; p=_p.p; INCR; return *this;}
+};
+
+#ifndef IS_BRIDGE
+static inline P<Dim> convert(Ruby x, P<Dim> *foo) {
+	Grid *d = convert(x,(Grid **)0);
+	if (!d) RAISE("urgh");
+	if (d->dim->n!=1) RAISE("dimension list must have only one dimension itself");
+	return new Dim(d->dim->v[0],(int32 *)(d->data));
+}
+
+static inline PtrGrid convert(Ruby x, PtrGrid *foo) {
+	PtrGrid pg;
+	pg = convert(x,(Grid **)0);
+	return pg;
+}
+#endif
+
+//****************************************************************
+// GridInlet represents a grid-aware inlet
+
+// four-part macro for defining the behaviour of a gridinlet in a class
+// C:Class I:Inlet
+#define GRID_INLET(C,I) \
+	template <class T> void C::grinw_##I (GridInlet *in, int n, Pt<T> data) { \
+		((C*)(in->parent))->grin_##I(in,n,data); } \
+	template <class T> void  C::grin_##I (GridInlet *in, int n, Pt<T> data) { \
+	if (n==-1)
+#define GRID_ALLOC  else if (n==-3)
+#define GRID_FLOW   else if (n>=0)
+#define GRID_FINISH else if (n==-2)
+#define GRID_END }
+
+/* macro for defining a gridinlet's behaviour as just storage (no backstore) */
+// V is a PtrGrid instance-var
+#define GRID_INPUT(C,I,V) \
+GRID_INLET(C,I) { V=new Grid(in->dim,NumberTypeE_type_of(*data)); } \
+GRID_FLOW { COPY((Pt<T>)*(V)+in->dex, data, n); } GRID_FINISH
+
+// macro for defining a gridinlet's behaviour as just storage (with backstore)
+// V is a PtrGrid instance-var
+#define GRID_INPUT2(C,I,V) \
+	GRID_INLET(C,I) { \
+		if (is_busy_except(in)) { \
+			V.next = new Grid(in->dim,NumberTypeE_type_of(*data)); \
+		} else V=        new Grid(in->dim,NumberTypeE_type_of(*data)); \
+	} GRID_FLOW { \
+		COPY(((Pt<T>)*(V.next?V.next.p:&*V.p))+in->dex, data, n); \
+	} GRID_FINISH
+
+typedef struct GridInlet GridInlet;
+typedef struct GridHandler {
+#define FOO(T) \
+	void (*flow_##T)(GridInlet *in, int n, Pt<T> data); \
+	void flow(GridInlet *in, int n, Pt<T> data) const { \
+		assert(flow_##T); flow_##T(in,n,data); }
+EACH_NUMBER_TYPE(FOO)
+#undef FOO
+} GridHandler;
+
+typedef struct  GridObject GridObject;
+\class GridInlet < CObject
+struct GridInlet : CObject {
+	GridObject *parent;
+	const GridHandler *gh;
+	GridObject *sender;
+	P<Dim> dim;
+	NumberTypeE nt;
+	int dex;
+	PtrGrid buf;// factor-chunk buffer
+	int bufi;   // buffer index: how much of buf is filled
+	int mode; // 0=ignore; 4=ro; 6=rw
+
+	int allocfactor,allocmin,allocmax,allocn;
+	Pt<uint8> alloc;
+
+// methods
+	GridInlet(GridObject *parent_, const GridHandler *gh_) :
+		parent(parent_), gh(gh_), sender(0),
+		dim(0), nt(int32_e), dex(0), bufi(0), mode(4) {}
+	~GridInlet() {}
+	void set_factor(int factor);
+	void set_mode(int mode_) { mode=mode_; }
+	int32 factor() {return buf?buf->dim->prod():1;}
+	Ruby begin(int argc, Ruby *argv);
+
+	// n=-1 is begin, and n=-2 is _finish_. the name "end" is now used
+	// as an end-marker for inlet definitions... sorry for the confusion
+	// GF-0.8: n=-3 is alloc.
+	template <class T> void flow(int mode, int n, Pt<T> data);
+	void end(); // this one ought to be called finish().
+	void from_ruby_list(int argc, Ruby *argv, NumberTypeE nt=int32_e) {
+		Grid t(argc,argv,nt); from_grid(&t);
+	}
+	void from_ruby(int argc, Ruby *argv) {
+		Grid t(argv[0]); from_grid(&t);
+	}
+	void from_grid(Grid *g);
+	bool supports_type(NumberTypeE nt);
+private:
+	template <class T> void from_grid2(Grid *g, T foo);
+};
+\end class GridInlet
+
+//****************************************************************
+// for use by source_filter.rb ONLY (for \grin and \classinfo)
+
+// C is for class, I for inlet number
+// GRIN1 : int32 only
+// GRIN4 : all types
+// GRIN2 : integers only; no floats
+// GRINF : floats only; no integers
+#ifndef HAVE_LITE
+#define GRIN(TB,TS,TI,TL,TF,TD) {TB,TS,TI,TL,TF,TD}
+#else
+#define GRIN(TB,TS,TI,TL,TF,TD) {TB,TS,TI}
+#endif // HAVE_LITE
+
+#define GRIN1(C,I) GRIN(0,0,C::grinw_##I,0,0,0)
+#define GRIN4(C,I) GRIN(C::grinw_##I,C::grinw_##I,C::grinw_##I,C::grinw_##I,C::grinw_##I,C::grinw_##I)
+#define GRIN2(C,I) GRIN(C::grinw_##I,C::grinw_##I,C::grinw_##I,C::grinw_##I,0,0)
+#define GRINF(C,I) GRIN(0,0,0,0,C::grinw_##I,C::grinw_##I)
+
+struct FClass { // 0.7.8: removed all GridObject-specific stuff.
+	void *(*allocator)(); // returns a new C++ object
+	void (*startup)(Ruby rself); // initializer for the Ruby class
+	const char *name; // C++/Ruby name (not PD name)
+	int methodsn; MethodDecl *methods; // C++ -> Ruby methods
+};
+
+//****************************************************************
+// GridOutlet represents a grid-aware outlet
+\class GridOutlet < CObject
+struct GridOutlet : CObject {
+// number of (minimum,maximum) BYTES to send at once
+// starting with version 0.8, this is amount of BYTES, not amount of NUMBERS.
+	static const int MIN_PACKET_SIZE = 1<<8;
+	static const int MAX_PACKET_SIZE = 1<<12;
+// those are set only once
+	GridObject *parent; // not a P<> because of circular refs
+	P<Dim> dim; // dimensions of the grid being sent
+	NumberTypeE nt;
+	PtrGrid buf; // temporary buffer
+	bool frozen; // is the "begin" phase finished?
+	std::vector<GridInlet *> inlets; // which inlets are we connected to
+// those are updated during transmission
+	int dex;  // how many numbers were already sent in this connection
+	int bufi; // number of bytes used in the buffer
+// methods
+	GridOutlet(GridObject *parent_, int woutlet, P<Dim> dim_, NumberTypeE nt_=int32_e) :
+	parent(parent_), dim(dim_), nt(nt_), frozen(false), dex(0), bufi(0) {
+		int ntsz = number_type_table[nt].size;
+		buf=new Grid(new Dim(MAX_PACKET_SIZE/*/ntsz*/), nt);
+		begin(woutlet,dim,nt);
+	}
+	~GridOutlet() {}
+	void callback(GridInlet *in);
+
+	// send/send_direct: data belongs to caller, may be stack-allocated,
+	// receiver doesn't modify the data; in send(), there is buffering;
+	// in send_direct(), there is not. When switching from buffered to
+	// unbuffered mode, flush() must be called
+	template <class T> void send(int n, Pt<T> data);
+	void flush(); // goes with send();
+
+	// give: data must be dynamically allocated as a whole: the data
+	// will be deleted eventually, and should not be used by the caller
+	// beyond the call to give().
+	template <class T> void give(int n, Pt<T> data);
+
+	// third way to send (upcoming, in GF-0.8.??) is called "ask".
+	template <class T> void ask(int &n, Pt<T> &data, int factor, int min, int max);
+
+private:
+	void begin(int woutlet, P<Dim> dim, NumberTypeE nt=int32_e);
+	template <class T> void send_direct(int n, Pt<T> data);
+	void end() {
+		flush();
+		for (uint32 i=0; i<inlets.size(); i++) inlets[i]->end();
+		dim=0;
+	}
+};
+\end class GridOutlet
+
+//****************************************************************
+
+typedef struct BFObject BFObject; // Pd t_object or something
+
+// represents objects that have inlets/outlets
+\class FObject < CObject
+struct FObject : CObject {
+	BFObject *bself; // point to PD peer
+	uint64 total_time;
+	FObject() : bself(0), total_time(0) {}
+	const char *args() {
+		Ruby s=rb_funcall(rself,SI(args),0);
+		if (s==Qnil) return 0;
+		return rb_str_ptr(s);
+	}
+	\decl Ruby total_time_get();
+	\decl Ruby total_time_set(Ruby x);
+	\decl void send_in (...);
+	\decl void send_out (...);
+	\decl void delete_m ();
+};
+\end class FObject
+
+\class GridObject < FObject
+struct GridObject : FObject {
+	std::vector<P<GridInlet> >  in;
+	P<GridOutlet> out;
+	// Make sure you distinguish #close/#delete, and C++'s delete. The first
+	// two are quite equivalent and should never make an object "crashable".
+	// C++'s delete is called by Ruby's garbage collector or by PureData's delete.
+	GridObject() {}
+	~GridObject() {check_magic();}
+	bool is_busy_except(P<GridInlet> gin) {
+		for (uint32 i=0; i<in.size(); i++)
+			if (in[i] && in[i]!=gin && in[i]->dim) return true;
+		return false;
+	}
+	\decl Ruby method_missing(...);
+	\decl Array inlet_dim(int inln);
+	\decl Symbol inlet_nt(int inln);
+	\decl void inlet_set_factor(int inln, int factor);
+	\decl void send_out_grid_begin(int outlet, Array dim,  NumberTypeE nt=int32_e);
+	\decl void send_out_grid_flow (int outlet, String buf, NumberTypeE nt=int32_e);
+};
+\end class GridObject
+
+uint64 gf_timeofday();
+extern "C" void Init_gridflow ();
+void gfpost(const char *fmt, ...);
+extern Numop *op_add,*op_sub,*op_mul,*op_div,*op_mod,*op_shl,*op_and,*op_put;
+
+#define INFO(OBJ) rb_str_ptr(rb_funcall(OBJ->rself,SI(info),0))
+//#define INFO(OBJ) "(bleh)"
+#define NOTEMPTY(_a_) if (!(_a_)) RAISE("in [%s], '%s' is empty",INFO(this), #_a_);
+#define SAME_TYPE(_a_,_b_) \
+	if ((_a_)->nt != (_b_)->nt) RAISE("%s: same type please (%s has %s; %s has %s)", \
+		INFO(this), \
+		#_a_, number_type_table[(_a_)->nt].name, \
+		#_b_, number_type_table[(_b_)->nt].name);
+static void SAME_DIM(int n, P<Dim> a, int ai, P<Dim> b, int bi) {
+	if (ai+n > a->n) RAISE("left hand: not enough dimensions");
+	if (bi+n > b->n) RAISE("right hand: not enough dimensions");
+	for (int i=0; i<n; i++) {
+		if (a->v[ai+i] != b->v[bi+i]) {
+			RAISE("mismatch: left dim #%d is %d, right dim #%d is %d",
+				ai+i, a->v[ai+i],
+				bi+i, b->v[bi+i]);}}}
+
+// a stack for the profiler, etc.
+#define GF_STACK_MAX 256
+struct GFStack {
+	struct GFStackFrame {
+		FObject *o;
+		void *bp; // a pointer into system stack
+		uint64 time;
+	}; // sizeof() == 16 (in 32-bit mode)
+	GFStackFrame s[GF_STACK_MAX];
+	int n;
+	GFStack() { n = 0; }
+	void push (FObject *o) __attribute__((noinline));
+	void pop () __attribute__((noinline));
+};
+extern GFStack gf_stack;
+struct GFStackMarker {
+	int n;
+	bool flag;
+	GFStackMarker(FObject *o) { n = gf_stack.n; gf_stack.push(o); flag=true; }
+	~GFStackMarker() { while (gf_stack.n != n) gf_stack.pop(); }
+	bool once () {
+		if (flag) { flag=false; return true; } else return false;
+	}
+};
+
+typedef GridObject Format;
+
+#endif // __GF_GRID_H
diff --git a/externals/gridflow/base/main.c b/externals/gridflow/base/main.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5cdd92f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/externals/gridflow/base/main.c
@@ -0,0 +1,647 @@
+/*
+	$Id: main.c,v 1.1 2005-10-04 02:02:13 matju Exp $
+
+	GridFlow
+	Copyright (c) 2001,2002,2003,2004 by Mathieu Bouchard
+
+	This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+	modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
+	as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
+	of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+
+	See file ../COPYING for further informations on licensing terms.
+
+	This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+	but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+	MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+	GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+	You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+	along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+	Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
+*/
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+#include <time.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+
+#include "grid.h.fcs"
+#include "../config.h"
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+
+BuiltinSymbols bsym;
+GFStack gf_stack;
+Ruby mGridFlow;
+Ruby cFObject;
+
+extern "C"{
+void rb_raise0(
+const char *file, int line, const char *func, VALUE exc, const char *fmt, ...) {
+	va_list args;
+	char buf[BUFSIZ];
+	va_start(args,fmt);
+	vsnprintf(buf, BUFSIZ, fmt, args);
+	buf[BUFSIZ-1]=0;
+	va_end(args);
+	VALUE e = rb_exc_new2(exc, buf);
+	char buf2[BUFSIZ];
+	snprintf(buf2, BUFSIZ, "%s:%d:in `%s'", file, line, func);
+	buf2[BUFSIZ-1]=0;
+	VALUE ary = rb_funcall(e,SI(caller),0);
+	if (gf_stack.n) {
+		rb_funcall(ary,SI(unshift),2,rb_str_new2(buf2),
+			rb_str_new2(INFO(gf_stack.s[gf_stack.n-1].o)));
+	} else {
+		rb_funcall(ary,SI(unshift),1,rb_str_new2(buf2));
+	}
+	rb_funcall(e,SI(set_backtrace),1,ary);
+	rb_exc_raise(e);
+}};
+
+Ruby rb_ary_fetch(Ruby rself, int i) {
+	Ruby argv[] = { INT2NUM(i) };
+	return rb_ary_aref(COUNT(argv),argv,rself);
+}
+
+//----------------------------------------------------------------
+// CObject
+
+static void CObject_mark (void *z) {}
+void CObject_free (void *foo) {
+	CObject *self = (CObject *)foo;
+	self->check_magic();
+	if (!self->rself) {
+		fprintf(stderr,"attempt to free object that has no rself\n");
+		abort();
+	}
+	self->rself = 0; /* paranoia */
+	delete self;
+}
+
+//----------------------------------------------------------------
+// Dim
+
+void Dim::check() {
+	if (n>MAX_DIMENSIONS) RAISE("too many dimensions");
+	for (int i=0; i<n; i++) if (v[i]<0) RAISE("Dim: negative dimension");
+}
+
+// !@#$ big leak machine?
+// returns a string like "Dim[240,320,3]"
+char *Dim::to_s() {
+	// if you blow 256 chars it's your own fault
+	char buf[256];
+	char *s = buf;
+	s += sprintf(s,"Dim[");
+	for(int i=0; i<n; i++) s += sprintf(s,"%s%d", ","+!i, v[i]);
+	s += sprintf(s,"]");
+	return strdup(buf);
+}
+
+//----------------------------------------------------------------
+\class FObject < CObject
+
+static void FObject_prepare_message(int &argc, Ruby *&argv, Ruby &sym, FObject *foo=0) {
+	if (argc<1) {
+		sym = bsym._bang;
+	} else if (argc>1 && !SYMBOL_P(*argv)) {
+		sym = bsym._list;
+	} else if (INTEGER_P(*argv)||FLOAT_P(*argv)) {
+		sym = bsym._float;
+	} else if (SYMBOL_P(*argv)) {
+		sym = *argv;
+		argc--, argv++;
+	} else if (argc==1 && TYPE(*argv)==T_ARRAY) {
+		sym = bsym._list;
+		argc = rb_ary_len(*argv);
+		argv = rb_ary_ptr(*argv);
+	} else {
+		RAISE("%s received bad message: argc=%d; argv[0]=%s",foo?INFO(foo):"", argc,
+			argc ? rb_str_ptr(rb_inspect(argv[0])) : "");
+	}
+}
+
+struct Helper {
+	int argc;
+	Ruby *argv;
+	FObject *self;
+	Ruby rself;
+	int n; // stack level
+};
+
+static Ruby GridFlow_handle_braces(Ruby rself, Ruby argv);
+
+// inlet #-1 is reserved for SystemInlet messages
+// inlet #-2 is for inlet #0 messages that happen at start time
+static void send_in_2 (Helper *h) { PROF(h->self) {
+	int argc = h->argc;
+	Ruby *argv = h->argv;
+	if (h->argc<1) RAISE("not enough args");
+	int inlet = INT(argv[0]);
+	argc--, argv++;
+	Ruby foo;
+	if (argc==1 && TYPE(argv[0])==T_STRING /* && argv[0] =~ / / */) {
+		foo = rb_funcall(mGridFlow,SI(parse),1,argv[0]);
+		argc = rb_ary_len(foo);
+		argv = rb_ary_ptr(foo);
+	}
+	if (argc>1) {
+		foo = rb_ary_new4(argc,argv);
+		GridFlow_handle_braces(0,foo);
+		argc = rb_ary_len(foo);
+		argv = rb_ary_ptr(foo);
+	}
+	if (inlet==-2) {
+		Array init_messages = rb_ivar_get(h->rself,SI(@init_messages));
+		rb_ary_push(init_messages, rb_ary_new4(argc,argv));
+		inlet=0;
+	}
+	if (inlet<0 || inlet>9 /*|| inlet>real_inlet_max*/)
+		if (inlet!=-3 && inlet!=-1) RAISE("invalid inlet number: %d", inlet);
+	Ruby sym;
+	FObject_prepare_message(argc,argv,sym,h->self);
+//	if (rb_const_get(mGridFlow,SI(@verbose))==Qtrue) gfpost m.inspect
+	char buf[256];
+	if (inlet==-1) sprintf(buf,"_sys_%s",rb_sym_name(sym));
+	else           sprintf(buf,"_%d_%s",inlet,rb_sym_name(sym));
+	rb_funcall2(h->rself,rb_intern(buf),argc,argv);
+} /* PROF */ }
+
+static void send_in_3 (Helper *h) {
+	while (gf_stack.n > h->n) gf_stack.pop();
+}
+
+\def void send_in (...) {
+	Helper h = {argc,argv,this,rself,gf_stack.n};
+	rb_ensure(
+		(RMethod)send_in_2,(Ruby)&h,
+		(RMethod)send_in_3,(Ruby)&h);
+}
+
+\def void send_out (...) {
+	int n=0;
+	if (argc<1) RAISE("not enough args");
+	int outlet = INT(*argv);
+	if (outlet<0 || outlet>9 /*|| outlet>real_outlet_max*/)
+		RAISE("invalid outlet number: %d",outlet);
+	argc--, argv++;
+	Ruby sym;
+	FObject_prepare_message(argc,argv,sym,this);
+	Ruby noutlets2 = rb_ivar_get(rb_obj_class(rself),SYM2ID(SYM(@noutlets)));
+	if (TYPE(noutlets2)!=T_FIXNUM) {
+		IEVAL(rself,"STDERR.puts inspect");
+		RAISE("don't know how many outlets this has");
+	}
+	int noutlets = INT(noutlets2);
+	//if (outlet<0 || outlet>=noutlets) RAISE("outlet %d does not exist",outlet);
+	// was PROF(0) a hack because of exception-handling problems?
+	PROF(0) {
+	Ruby argv2[argc+2];
+	for (int i=0; i<argc; i++) argv2[2+i] = argv[i];
+	argv2[0] = INT2NUM(outlet);
+	argv2[1] = sym;
+	rb_funcall2(rself,SI(send_out2), argc+2, argv2);
+
+	Ruby ary = rb_ivar_defined(rself,SYM2ID(bsym.iv_outlets)) ?
+		rb_ivar_get(rself,SYM2ID(bsym.iv_outlets)) : Qnil;
+	if (ary==Qnil) goto end;
+	if (TYPE(ary)!=T_ARRAY) RAISE("send_out: expected array");
+	ary = rb_ary_fetch(ary,outlet);
+	if (ary==Qnil) goto end;
+	if (TYPE(ary)!=T_ARRAY) RAISE("send_out: expected array");
+	n = rb_ary_len(ary);
+
+	for (int i=0; i<n; i++) {
+		Ruby conn = rb_ary_fetch(ary,i);
+		Ruby rec = rb_ary_fetch(conn,0);
+		int inl = INT(rb_ary_fetch(conn,1));
+		argv2[0] = INT2NUM(inl);
+		rb_funcall2(rec,SI(send_in),argc+2,argv2);
+	}
+	} /* PROF */
+end:;
+}
+
+Ruby FObject_s_new(Ruby argc, Ruby *argv, Ruby qlass) {
+	Ruby allocator = rb_ivar_defined(qlass,SI(@allocator)) ?
+		rb_ivar_get(qlass,SI(@allocator)) : Qnil;
+	FObject *self;
+	if (allocator==Qnil) {
+		// this is a pure-ruby FObject/GridObject
+		// !@#$ GridObject is in FObject constructor (ugly)
+		self = new GridObject;
+	} else {
+		// this is a C++ FObject/GridObject
+		void*(*alloc)() = (void*(*)())FIX2PTR(void,allocator);
+		self = (FObject *)alloc();
+	}
+	self->check_magic();
+	Ruby keep = rb_ivar_get(mGridFlow, SI(@fobjects));
+	self->bself = 0;
+	Ruby rself = Data_Wrap_Struct(qlass, CObject_mark, CObject_free, self);
+	self->rself = rself;
+	rb_hash_aset(keep,rself,Qtrue); // prevent sweeping
+	rb_funcall2(rself,SI(initialize),argc,argv);
+	return rself;
+}
+
+Ruby FObject_s_install(Ruby rself, Ruby name, Ruby inlets2, Ruby outlets2) {
+	int inlets, outlets;
+	Ruby name2;
+	if (SYMBOL_P(name)) {
+		name2 = rb_funcall(name,SI(to_str),0);
+	} else if (TYPE(name) == T_STRING) {
+		name2 = rb_funcall(name,SI(dup),0);
+	} else {
+		RAISE("expect symbol or string");
+	}
+	inlets  =  INT(inlets2); if ( inlets<0 ||  inlets>9) RAISE("...");
+	outlets = INT(outlets2); if (outlets<0 || outlets>9) RAISE("...");
+	rb_ivar_set(rself,SI(@ninlets),INT2NUM(inlets));
+	rb_ivar_set(rself,SI(@noutlets),INT2NUM(outlets));
+	rb_ivar_set(rself,SI(@foreign_name),name2);
+	rb_hash_aset(rb_ivar_get(mGridFlow,SI(@fclasses)), name2, rself);
+	rb_funcall(rself, SI(install2), 1, name2);
+	return Qnil;
+}
+
+\def Ruby total_time_get () {return gf_ull2num(total_time);}
+
+\def Ruby total_time_set (Ruby x) {
+	if (argc<1) RAISE("muh");
+	total_time = TO(uint64,x);
+	return argv[0];
+}
+
+\def void delete_m () {
+	Ruby keep = rb_ivar_get(mGridFlow, SI(@fobjects));
+	rb_funcall(keep,SI(delete),1,rself);
+}
+
+\classinfo
+\end class FObject
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------- */
+/* C++<->Ruby bridge for classes/functions in base/number.c */
+
+static Ruby String_swap32_f (Ruby rself) {
+	int n = rb_str_len(rself)/4;
+	swap32(n,Pt<uint32>((uint32 *)rb_str_ptr(rself),n));
+	return rself;
+}
+
+static Ruby String_swap16_f (Ruby rself) {
+	int n = rb_str_len(rself)/2;
+	swap16(n,Pt<uint16>((uint16 *)rb_str_ptr(rself),n));
+	return rself;
+}
+
+NumberTypeE NumberTypeE_find (Ruby sym) {
+	if (TYPE(sym)!=T_SYMBOL) RAISE("expected symbol (not %s)",
+		rb_str_ptr(rb_inspect(rb_obj_class(sym))));
+	Ruby nt_dict = rb_ivar_get(mGridFlow,SI(@number_type_dict));
+	Ruby v = rb_hash_aref(nt_dict,sym);
+	if (v!=Qnil) return FIX2PTR(NumberType,v)->index;
+	RAISE("unknown number type \"%s\"", rb_sym_name(sym));
+}
+
+/* **************************************************************** */
+\class BitPacking < CObject
+
+\def void initialize(Ruby foo1, Ruby foo2, Ruby foo3) {}
+
+// !@#$ doesn't support number types
+\def String pack2 (String ins, String outs=Qnil) {
+	int n = rb_str_len(ins) / sizeof(int32) / size;
+	Pt<int32> in = Pt<int32>((int32 *)rb_str_ptr(ins),rb_str_len(ins));
+	int bytes2 = n*bytes;
+	Ruby out = outs!=Qnil ? rb_str_resize(outs,bytes2) : rb_str_new("",bytes2);
+	rb_str_modify(out);
+	pack(n,Pt<int32>(in,n),Pt<uint8>((uint8 *)rb_str_ptr(out),bytes2));
+	return out;
+}
+
+// !@#$ doesn't support number types
+\def String unpack2 (String ins, String outs=Qnil) {
+	int n = rb_str_len(argv[0]) / bytes;
+	Pt<uint8> in = Pt<uint8>((uint8 *)rb_str_ptr(ins),rb_str_len(ins));
+	int bytes2 = n*size*sizeof(int32);
+	Ruby out = outs!=Qnil ? rb_str_resize(outs,bytes2) : rb_str_new("",bytes2);
+	rb_str_modify(out);
+	unpack(n,Pt<uint8>((uint8 *)in,bytes2),Pt<int32>((int32 *)rb_str_ptr(out),n));
+	return out;
+}
+
+static Ruby BitPacking_s_new(Ruby argc, Ruby *argv, Ruby qlass) {
+	Ruby keep = rb_ivar_get(mGridFlow, rb_intern("@fobjects"));
+	if (argc!=3) RAISE("bad args");
+	if (TYPE(argv[2])!=T_ARRAY) RAISE("bad mask");
+	int endian = INT(argv[0]);
+	int bytes = INT(argv[1]);
+	Ruby *masks = rb_ary_ptr(argv[2]);
+	uint32 masks2[4];
+	int size = rb_ary_len(argv[2]);
+	if (size<1) RAISE("not enough masks");
+	if (size>4) RAISE("too many masks (%d)",size);
+	for (int i=0; i<size; i++) masks2[i] = NUM2UINT(masks[i]);
+	BitPacking *self = new BitPacking(endian,bytes,size,masks2);
+	Ruby rself = Data_Wrap_Struct(qlass, 0, CObject_free, self);
+	self->rself = rself;
+	rb_hash_aset(keep,rself,Qtrue); // prevent sweeping (leak) (!@#$ WHAT???)
+	rb_funcall2(rself,SI(initialize),argc,argv);
+	return rself;
+}
+
+\classinfo
+\end class BitPacking
+
+void gfpost(const char *fmt, ...) {
+	va_list args;
+	int length;
+	va_start(args,fmt);
+	const int n=256;
+	char post_s[n];
+	length = vsnprintf(post_s,n,fmt,args);
+	if (length<0 || length>=n) sprintf(post_s+n-6,"[...]"); /* safety */
+	va_end(args);
+	rb_funcall(mGridFlow,SI(gfpost2),2,rb_str_new2(fmt),rb_str_new2(post_s));
+}
+
+void define_many_methods(Ruby rself, int n, MethodDecl *methods) {
+	for (int i=0; i<n; i++) {
+		MethodDecl *md = &methods[i];
+		char *buf = strdup(md->selector);
+		if (strlen(buf)>2 && strcmp(buf+strlen(buf)-2,"_m")==0)
+			buf[strlen(buf)-2]=0;
+		rb_define_method(rself,buf,(RMethod)md->method,-1);
+		rb_enable_super(rself,buf);
+		free(buf);
+	}
+}
+
+static Ruby GridFlow_fclass_install(Ruby rself_, Ruby fc_, Ruby super) {
+	FClass *fc = FIX2PTR(FClass,fc_);
+	Ruby rself = super!=Qnil ?
+		rb_define_class_under(mGridFlow, fc->name, super) :
+		rb_funcall(mGridFlow,SI(const_get),1,rb_str_new2(fc->name));
+	define_many_methods(rself,fc->methodsn,fc->methods);
+	rb_ivar_set(rself,SI(@allocator),PTR2FIX((void*)(fc->allocator))); //#!@$??
+	if (fc->startup) fc->startup(rself);
+	return Qnil;
+}
+
+//----------------------------------------------------------------
+// GridFlow.class
+//\class GridFlow_s < patate
+
+typedef void (*Callback)(void*);
+static Ruby GridFlow_exec (Ruby rself, Ruby data, Ruby func) {
+	void *data2 = FIX2PTR(void,data);
+	Callback func2 = (Callback) FIX2PTR(void,func);
+	func2(data2);
+	return Qnil;
+}
+
+static Ruby GridFlow_get_id (Ruby rself, Ruby arg) {
+	fprintf(stderr,"%ld\n",arg);
+	return INT2NUM((int)arg);
+}
+
+Ruby GridFlow_rdtsc (Ruby rself) { return gf_ull2num(rdtsc()); }
+
+/* This code handles nested lists because PureData (0.38) doesn't do it */
+static Ruby GridFlow_handle_braces(Ruby rself, Ruby argv) {
+	int stack[16];
+	int stackn=0;
+	Ruby *av = rb_ary_ptr(argv);
+	int ac = rb_ary_len(argv);
+	int j=0;
+	for (int i=0; i<ac; ) {
+		int close=0;
+		if (SYMBOL_P(av[i])) {
+			const char *s = rb_sym_name(av[i]);
+			while (*s=='(' || *s=='{') {
+				if (stackn==16) RAISE("too many nested lists (>16)");
+				stack[stackn++]=j;
+				s++;
+			}
+			const char *se = s+strlen(s);
+			while (se[-1]==')' || se[-1]=='}') { se--; close++; }
+			if (s!=se) {
+				Ruby u = rb_str_new(s,se-s);
+				av[j++] = rb_funcall(rself,SI(FloatOrSymbol),1,u);
+			}
+		} else {
+			av[j++]=av[i];
+		}
+		i++;
+		while (close--) {
+			if (!stackn) RAISE("unbalanced '}' or ')'",av[i]);
+			Ruby a2 = rb_ary_new();
+			int j2 = stack[--stackn];
+			for (int k=j2; k<j; k++) rb_ary_push(a2,av[k]);
+			j=j2;
+			av[j++] = a2;
+		}
+	}
+	if (stackn) RAISE("unbalanced '{' or '(' (stackn=%d)",stackn);
+	RARRAY(argv)->len = j;
+	return rself;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static uint32 memcpy_calls = 0;
+static uint64 memcpy_bytes = 0;
+static uint64 memcpy_time  = 0;
+static uint32 malloc_calls = 0; /* only new not delete */
+static uint64 malloc_bytes = 0; /* only new not delete */
+static uint64 malloc_time  = 0; /* in cpu ticks */
+
+// don't touch.
+static void gfmemcopy32(int32 *as, int32 *bs, int n) {
+	int32 ba = bs-as;
+#define FOO(I) as[I] = (as+ba)[I];
+		UNROLL_8(FOO,n,as)
+#undef FOO
+
+}
+
+void gfmemcopy(uint8 *out, const uint8 *in, int n) {
+	uint64 t = rdtsc();
+	memcpy_calls++;
+	memcpy_bytes+=n;
+	for (; n>16; in+=16, out+=16, n-=16) {
+		((int32*)out)[0] = ((int32*)in)[0];
+		((int32*)out)[1] = ((int32*)in)[1];
+		((int32*)out)[2] = ((int32*)in)[2];
+		((int32*)out)[3] = ((int32*)in)[3];
+	}
+	for (; n>4; in+=4, out+=4, n-=4) { *(int32*)out = *(int32*)in; }
+	for (; n; in++, out++, n--) { *out = *in; }
+	t=rdtsc()-t;
+	memcpy_time+=t;
+}
+
+extern "C" {
+void *gfmalloc(size_t n) {
+	uint64 t = rdtsc();
+	void *p = malloc(n);
+	long align = (long)p & 7;
+	if (align) fprintf(stderr,"malloc alignment = %ld mod 8\n",align);
+	t=rdtsc()-t;
+	malloc_time+=t;
+	malloc_calls++;
+	malloc_bytes+=n;
+	return p;
+}
+void gffree(void *p) {
+	uint64 t = rdtsc();
+	free(p);
+	t=rdtsc()-t;
+	malloc_time+=t;
+}};
+
+Ruby GridFlow_memcpy_calls (Ruby rself) { return   LONG2NUM(memcpy_calls); }
+Ruby GridFlow_memcpy_bytes (Ruby rself) { return gf_ull2num(memcpy_bytes); }
+Ruby GridFlow_memcpy_time  (Ruby rself) { return gf_ull2num(memcpy_time); }
+Ruby GridFlow_malloc_calls (Ruby rself) { return   LONG2NUM(malloc_calls); }
+Ruby GridFlow_malloc_bytes (Ruby rself) { return gf_ull2num(malloc_bytes); }
+Ruby GridFlow_malloc_time  (Ruby rself) { return gf_ull2num(malloc_time); }
+
+Ruby GridFlow_profiler_reset2 (Ruby rself) {
+	memcpy_calls = memcpy_bytes = memcpy_time = 0;
+	malloc_calls = malloc_bytes = malloc_time = 0;
+	return Qnil;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+void startup_number();
+void startup_grid();
+void startup_flow_objects();
+void startup_flow_objects_for_image();
+void startup_flow_objects_for_matrix();
+
+Ruby cFormat;
+
+#define SDEF(_class_,_name_,_argc_) \
+	rb_define_singleton_method(c##_class_,#_name_,(RMethod)_class_##_s_##_name_,_argc_)
+#define SDEF2(_name1_,_name2_,_argc_) \
+	rb_define_singleton_method(mGridFlow,_name1_,(RMethod)_name2_,_argc_)
+
+STARTUP_LIST(void)
+
+// Ruby's entrypoint.
+void Init_gridflow () {
+#define FOO(_sym_,_name_) bsym._sym_ = ID2SYM(rb_intern(_name_));
+BUILTIN_SYMBOLS(FOO)
+#undef FOO
+	signal(11,SIG_DFL); // paranoia
+	mGridFlow = EVAL("module GridFlow; CObject = ::Object; "
+		"class<<self; attr_reader :bridge_name; end; "
+		"def post_string(s) STDERR.puts s end; "
+		"self end");
+	SDEF2("exec",GridFlow_exec,2);
+	SDEF2("get_id",GridFlow_get_id,1);
+	SDEF2("rdtsc",GridFlow_rdtsc,0);
+	SDEF2("profiler_reset2",GridFlow_profiler_reset2,0);
+	SDEF2("memcpy_calls",GridFlow_memcpy_calls,0);
+	SDEF2("memcpy_bytes",GridFlow_memcpy_bytes,0);
+	SDEF2("memcpy_time", GridFlow_memcpy_time,0);
+	SDEF2("malloc_calls",GridFlow_malloc_calls,0);
+	SDEF2("malloc_bytes",GridFlow_malloc_bytes,0);
+	SDEF2("malloc_time", GridFlow_malloc_time,0);
+	SDEF2("handle_braces!",GridFlow_handle_braces,1);
+	SDEF2("fclass_install",GridFlow_fclass_install,2);
+
+//#define FOO(A) fprintf(stderr,"sizeof("#A")=%d\n",sizeof(A));
+//FOO(Dim) FOO(BitPacking) FOO(GridHandler) FOO(GridInlet) FOO(GridOutlet) FOO(GridObject)
+//#undef FOO
+
+	rb_ivar_set(mGridFlow, SI(@fobjects), rb_hash_new());
+	rb_ivar_set(mGridFlow, SI(@fclasses), rb_hash_new());
+	rb_ivar_set(mGridFlow, SI(@bsym), PTR2FIX(&bsym));
+	rb_define_const(mGridFlow, "GF_VERSION", rb_str_new2(GF_VERSION));
+	rb_define_const(mGridFlow, "GF_COMPILE_TIME", rb_str_new2(GF_COMPILE_TIME));
+
+	cFObject = rb_define_class_under(mGridFlow, "FObject", rb_cObject);
+	EVAL(
+\ruby
+	module GridFlow
+		class FObject
+		def send_out2(*) end
+		def self.install2(*) end
+		def self.add_creator(name)
+			name=name.to_str.dup
+			GridFlow.fclasses[name]=self
+			GridFlow.add_creator_2 name end
+		end
+	end
+\end ruby
+);
+	define_many_methods(cFObject,COUNT(FObject_methods),FObject_methods);
+	SDEF(FObject, install, 3);
+	SDEF(FObject, new, -1);
+	ID gbi = SI(gf_bridge_init);
+	if (rb_respond_to(rb_cData,gbi)) rb_funcall(rb_cData,gbi,0);
+	Ruby cBitPacking =
+		rb_define_class_under(mGridFlow, "BitPacking", rb_cObject);
+	define_many_methods(cBitPacking,
+		ciBitPacking.methodsn,
+		ciBitPacking.methods);
+	SDEF(BitPacking,new,-1);
+	rb_define_method(rb_cString, "swap32!", (RMethod)String_swap32_f, 0);
+	rb_define_method(rb_cString, "swap16!", (RMethod)String_swap16_f, 0);
+
+	startup_number();
+	startup_grid();
+	startup_flow_objects();
+	startup_flow_objects_for_image();
+	startup_flow_objects_for_matrix();
+	if (!EVAL("begin require 'gridflow/base/main.rb'; true\n"
+		"rescue Exception => e; "
+		"STDERR.puts \"can't load: #{$!}\n"
+		"backtrace: #{$!.backtrace.join\"\n\"}\n"
+		"$: = #{$:.inspect}\"\n; false end")) return;
+	cFormat = EVAL("GridFlow::Format");
+	STARTUP_LIST()
+	EVAL("h=GridFlow.fclasses; h['#io:window'] = h['#io:quartz']||h['#io:x11']||h['#io:sdl']");
+	EVAL("GridFlow.load_user_config");
+	signal(11,SIG_DFL); // paranoia
+}
+
+void GFStack::push (FObject *o) {
+	void *bp = &o; // really. just finding our position on the stack.
+	if (n>=GF_STACK_MAX)
+		RAISE("stack overflow (maximum %d FObject activations at once)", GF_STACK_MAX);
+	uint64 t = rdtsc();
+	if (n) s[n-1].time = t - s[n-1].time;
+	s[n].o = o;
+	s[n].bp = bp;
+	s[n].time = t;
+	n++;
+}
+
+void GFStack::pop () {
+	uint64 t = rdtsc();
+	if (!n) RAISE("stack underflow (WHAT?)");
+	n--;
+	if (s[n].o) s[n].o->total_time += t - s[n].time;
+	if (n) s[n-1].time = t - s[n-1].time;
+}
+
+uint64 gf_timeofday () {
+	timeval t;
+	gettimeofday(&t,0);
+	return t.tv_sec*1000000+t.tv_usec;
+}
diff --git a/externals/gridflow/base/main.rb b/externals/gridflow/base/main.rb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..82976fb6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/externals/gridflow/base/main.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,369 @@
+=begin
+	$Id: main.rb,v 1.1 2005-10-04 02:02:13 matju Exp $
+
+	GridFlow
+	Copyright (c) 2001,2002 by Mathieu Bouchard
+
+	This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+	modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
+	as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
+	of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+
+	See file ../COPYING for further informations on licensing terms.
+
+	This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+	but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+	MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+	GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+	You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+	along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+	Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
+=end
+
+# ENV["RUBY_VERBOSE_GC"]="yes"
+
+# this file gets loaded by main.c upon startup
+# module GridFlow is supposed to be created by main.c
+# this includes GridFlow.post_string(s)
+
+# because Ruby1.6 has no #object_id and Ruby1.8 warns on #id
+unless Object.instance_methods(true).include? "object_id"
+	class Object; alias object_id id end
+end
+
+# in case of bug in Ruby ("Error: Success")
+module Errno; class E000 < StandardError; end; end
+
+#$post_log = File.open "/tmp/gridflow.log", "w"
+$post_log = nil
+
+class Array
+	def split(elem)
+		r=[]
+		j=0
+		for i in 0...length
+			(r<<self[j,i-j]; j=i+1) if self[i]==elem
+		end
+		r<<self[j,length-j]
+	end
+end
+
+module GridFlow #------------------
+
+def self.post(s,*a)
+	post_string(sprintf("%s"+s,post_header,*a))
+	($post_log << sprintf(s,*a); $post_log.flush) if $post_log
+end
+
+class<<self
+	attr_accessor :data_path
+	attr_accessor :post_header
+	attr_accessor :verbose
+	attr_reader :fobjects
+	attr_reader :fclasses
+	attr_reader :cpu_hertz
+	attr_reader :subprocesses
+	attr_reader :bridge_name
+	alias gfpost post
+end
+
+@subprocesses={}
+@verbose=false
+@data_path=[]
+if GridFlow.respond_to? :config then
+  @data_path << GridFlow.config["PUREDATA_PATH"]+"/extra/gridflow/images"
+end
+
+def self.hunt_zombies
+	#STDERR.puts "GridFlow.hunt_zombies"
+	# the $$ value is bogus
+	begin
+		died = []
+		subprocesses.each {|x,v|
+			Process.waitpid2(x,Process::WNOHANG) and died<<x
+		}
+	rescue Errno::ECHILD
+	end
+	#STDERR.puts died.inspect
+	died.each {|x| subprocesses.delete x }
+end
+
+def self.packstring_for_nt(nt)
+	case nt
+	when :u, :u8,  :uint8; "C*"
+	when :s, :i16, :int16; "s*"
+	when :i, :i32, :int32; "l*"
+	when :f, :f32, :float32; "f*"
+	when :d, :f64, :float64; "d*"
+	else raise "no decoder for #{nt.inspect}"
+	end
+end
+
+self.post_header = "[gf] "
+
+def self.gfpost2(fmt,s); post("%s",s) end
+
+if GridFlow.bridge_name then
+  post "This is GridFlow #{GridFlow::GF_VERSION} within Ruby version #{RUBY_VERSION}"
+  post "base/main.c was compiled on #{GridFlow::GF_COMPILE_TIME}"
+  post "Please use at least 1.6.6 if you plan to use sockets" if RUBY_VERSION<"1.6.6"
+end
+
+if not GridFlow.bridge_name then
+  require "gridflow/bridge/placebo"
+end
+
+Brace1 = "{".intern
+Brace2 = "}".intern
+Paren1 = "(".intern
+Paren2 = ")".intern
+
+def self.parse(m)
+	m = m.gsub(/(\{|\})/," \\1 ").split(/\s+/)
+	m.map! {|x| case x
+		when Integer, Symbol; x
+		when /^[+\-]?[0-9]+$/; x.to_i
+		when String; x.intern
+		end
+	}
+	m
+end
+
+def self.stringify_list(argv)
+	argv.map {|x| stringify x }.join(" ")
+end
+
+def self.stringify(arg)
+	case arg
+	when Integer, Float, Symbol; arg.to_s
+	when Array; "{#{stringify_list arg}}"
+	end
+end
+
+::Object.module_eval do def FloatOrSymbol(x) Float(x) rescue x.intern end end
+
+# adding some functionality to that:
+class FObject
+	@broken_ok = false
+	@do_loadbangs = true
+	class<<self
+		# global
+		attr_accessor :broken_ok
+		# per-class
+		attr_reader :ninlets
+		attr_reader :noutlets
+		attr_accessor :do_loadbangs
+		attr_accessor :comment
+		def foreign_name; @foreign_name if defined? @foreign_name end
+	end
+	def post(*a) GridFlow.post(*a) end
+	def self.subclass(*args,&b)
+		qlass = Class.new self
+		qlass.install(*args)
+		qlass.module_eval(&b)
+	end
+	alias :total_time :total_time_get
+	alias :total_time= :total_time_set
+	attr_writer :args # String
+	attr_accessor :argv # Array
+	attr_reader :outlets
+	attr_accessor :parent_patcher
+	attr_accessor :properties
+	attr_accessor :classname
+	def initialize2; end
+	def args
+		if defined? @args
+			@args
+		else
+			"[#{self.class} ...]"
+		end
+	end
+	alias info args
+	def connect outlet, object, inlet
+		@outlets ||= []
+		@outlets[outlet] ||= []
+		@outlets[outlet].push [object, inlet]
+	end
+	def self.name_lookup sym
+		qlasses = GridFlow.fclasses
+		qlass = qlasses[sym.to_s]
+		if not qlass
+			return qlasses['broken'] if @broken_ok
+			raise "object class '#{sym}' not found"
+		end
+		qlass
+	end
+	def self.[](*m)
+		o=nil
+		if m.length==1 and m[0] =~ / /
+			o="[#{m[0]}]"
+			m=GridFlow.parse(m[0]) 
+		else
+			o=m.inspect
+		end
+		GridFlow.handle_braces!(m)
+		ms = m.split ','.intern
+		m = ms.shift
+		qlass = m.shift
+		qlassname = qlass.to_s
+		qlass = name_lookup qlass.to_s unless Class===qlass
+		r = qlass.new(*m)
+		r.classname = qlassname
+		GridFlow.post "%s",r.args if GridFlow.verbose
+		for x in ms do r.send_in(-2, *x) end if FObject.do_loadbangs
+		r
+	end
+	def inspect
+		if args then "#<#{self.class} #{args}>" else super end
+	end
+	def initialize(*argv)
+		s = GridFlow.stringify_list argv
+		@argv = argv
+		@args = "["
+		@args << (self.class.foreign_name || self.to_s)
+		@args << " " if s.length>0
+		@args << s << "]"
+		@parent_patcher = nil
+		@properties = {}
+		@init_messages = []
+	end
+end
+
+class FPatcher < FObject
+	class << self
+		attr_reader :fobjects
+		attr_reader :wires
+	end
+	def initialize(*)
+		super
+		fobjects = self.class.fobjects
+		wires = self.class.wires
+		@fobjects = fobjects.map {|x| if String===x then FObject[x] else x.call end }
+		@inlets = []
+		@ninlets = self.class.ninlets or raise "oops"
+		i=0
+		@fobjects << self
+		while i<wires.length do
+			a,b,c,d = wires[i,4]
+			if a==-1 then
+				a=self
+				@inlets[b]||=[]
+				@inlets[b] << [@fobjects[c],d]
+			else
+				if c==-1 then
+					@fobjects[a].connect b,self,d+@ninlets
+				else
+					@fobjects[a].connect b,@fobjects[c],d
+				end
+			end
+			i+=4
+		end
+	end
+	def method_missing(sym,*args)
+		sym=sym.to_s
+		if sym =~ /^_(\d)_(.*)/ then
+			inl = Integer $1
+			sym = $2.intern
+			if inl<@ninlets then
+			raise "#{inspect} has not @inlets[#{inl}]" if not @inlets[inl]
+				for x in @inlets[inl] do
+				 x[0].send_in x[1],sym,*args end
+			else
+				send_out(inl-@ninlets,sym,*args)
+			end
+		else super end
+	end
+end
+
+def GridFlow.estimate_cpu_clock
+	u0,t0=GridFlow.rdtsc,Time.new.to_f; sleep 0.01
+	u1,t1=GridFlow.rdtsc,Time.new.to_f; (u1-u0)/(t1-t0)
+end
+
+begin
+	@cpu_hertz = (0...3).map {
+		GridFlow.estimate_cpu_clock
+	}.sort[1] # median of three tries
+rescue
+	GridFlow.post $!
+end
+
+def GridFlow.find_file s
+	s=s.to_s
+	if s==File.basename(s) then
+		dir = GridFlow.data_path.find {|x| File.exist? "#{x}/#{s}" }
+		if dir then "#{dir}/#{s}" else s end
+	elsif GridFlow.respond_to? :find_file_2
+		GridFlow.find_file_2 s
+	else
+		s
+	end
+end
+
+def GridFlow.macerr(i)
+  begin
+    f=File.open("/System/Library/Frameworks/CoreServices.framework/"+
+      "Versions/A/Frameworks/CarbonCore.framework/Versions/A/Headers/"+
+      "MacErrors.h")
+    while f.gets
+      m = /^\s*(\w+)\s*=\s*(-\d+),\s*\/\*\s*(.*)\s*\*\/$/.match $_
+      next if not m
+      if m[2].to_i == i then return "#{m[2]}: \"#{m[3]}\"" end
+    end
+    return "no error message available for this error number"
+  rescue FileError
+    return "Can't find Apple's precious copyrighted list of error messages on this system."
+  ensure
+    f.close if f	
+  end
+end
+
+end # module GridFlow
+
+class IO
+  def nonblock= flag
+    bit = Fcntl::O_NONBLOCK
+    state = fcntl(Fcntl::F_GETFL, 0)
+    fcntl(Fcntl::F_SETFL, (state & ~bit) |
+      (if flag; bit else 0 end))
+  end
+end
+
+def protect
+  yield
+rescue Exception => e
+  STDERR.puts "#{e.class}: #{e}"
+  STDERR.puts e.backtrace
+end
+
+def GridFlow.load_user_config
+	require "gridflow/bridge/puredata.rb" if GridFlow.bridge_name == "puredata"
+	user_config_file = ENV["HOME"] + "/.gridflow_startup"
+	begin
+		load user_config_file if File.exist? user_config_file
+	rescue Exception => e
+		GridFlow.post "#{e.class}: #{e}:\n" + e.backtrace.join("\n")
+		GridFlow.post "while loading ~/.gridflow_startup"
+	end
+end
+
+require "gridflow/base/flow_objects.rb"
+require "gridflow/format/main.rb"
+
+%w(
+  # #for #finished #type #dim #transpose #perspective #store #outer
+  #grade #redim #import #export #export_list #cast
+  #scale_by #downscale_by #draw_polygon #draw_image #layer
+  #print #pack #export_symbol #rotate
+  #in #out
+).each {|k|
+	GridFlow::FObject.name_lookup(k).add_creator k.gsub(/#/,"@")
+}
+
+END {
+	GridFlow.fobjects.each {|k,v| k.delete if k.respond_to? :delete }
+	GridFlow.fobjects.clear
+	GC.start
+}
+
diff --git a/externals/gridflow/base/number.c b/externals/gridflow/base/number.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c483cf0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/externals/gridflow/base/number.c
@@ -0,0 +1,365 @@
+/*
+	$Id: number.c,v 1.1 2005-10-04 02:02:13 matju Exp $
+
+	GridFlow
+	Copyright (c) 2001,2002,2003,2004 by Mathieu Bouchard
+
+	This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+	modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
+	as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
+	of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+
+	See file ../COPYING for further informations on licensing terms.
+
+	This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+	but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+	MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+	GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+	You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+	along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+	Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
+*/
+
+#include "grid.h.fcs"
+#include <math.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+
+#ifdef PASS1
+NumberType number_type_table[] = {
+#define FOO(_sym_,_size_,_flags_,args...) NumberType( #_sym_, _size_, _flags_, args ),
+NUMBER_TYPES(FOO)
+#undef FOO
+};
+const long number_type_table_n = COUNT(number_type_table);
+#endif
+
+// those are bogus class-templates in the sense that you don't create
+// objects from those, you just call static functions. The same kind
+// of pattern is present in STL to overcome some limitations of C++.
+
+template <class T> class Op {
+public:
+	// I call abort() on those because I can't say they're purevirtual.
+	static T f(T a, T b) {abort();}
+	static bool is_neutral(T x, LeftRight side)   {assert(!"Op::is_neutral called?");}
+	static bool is_absorbent(T x, LeftRight side) {assert(!"Op::is_absorbent called?");}
+};
+
+template <class O> class OpLoops {
+public:
+	template <class T> static void op_map (int n, T *as, T b) {
+		if (!n) return;
+#define FOO(I) as[I]=O::f(as[I],b);
+	UNROLL_8(FOO,n,as)
+#undef FOO
+	}
+	template <class T> static void op_zip (int n, T *as, T *bs) {
+		if (!n) return;
+		int ba=bs-as; // really!
+#define FOO(I) as[I]=O::f(as[I],as[ba+I]);
+	UNROLL_8(FOO,n,as)
+#undef FOO
+	}
+	// disabled
+	template <class T> static void op_zip2 (int n, T *as, T *bs, T *cs) {
+		if (!n) return;
+		int ba=bs-as, ca=cs-as;
+#define FOO(I) as[ca+I]=O::f(as[I],as[ba+I]);
+	UNROLL_8(FOO,n,as)
+#undef FOO
+	}
+#define W(i) as[i]=O::f(as[i],bs[i]);
+#define Z(i,j) as[i]=O::f(O::f(O::f(O::f(as[i],bs[i]),bs[i+j]),bs[i+j+j]),bs[i+j+j+j]);
+	template <class T> static void op_fold (int an, int n, T *as, T *bs) {
+		switch (an) {
+		case 1: for (; (n&3)!=0; bs++, n--) W(0);
+			for (; n; bs+=4, n-=4) { Z(0,1); } break;
+		case 2: for (; (n&3)!=0; bs+=2, n--) { W(0); W(1); }
+			for (; n; bs+=8, n-=4) { Z(0,2); Z(1,2); } break;
+		case 3: for (; (n&3)!=0; bs+=3, n--) { W(0); W(1); W(2); }
+			for (; n; bs+=12, n-=4) { Z(0,3); Z(1,3); Z(2,3); } break;
+		case 4: for (; (n&3)!=0; bs+=4, n--) { W(0); W(1); W(2); W(3); }
+			for (; n; bs+=16, n-=4) { Z(0,4); Z(1,4); Z(2,4); Z(3,4); } break;
+		default:for (; n--; ) {
+				int i=0;
+				for (; i<(an&-4); i+=4, bs+=4) {
+					as[i+0]=O::f(as[i+0],bs[0]);
+					as[i+1]=O::f(as[i+1],bs[1]);
+					as[i+2]=O::f(as[i+2],bs[2]);
+					as[i+3]=O::f(as[i+3],bs[3]);
+				}
+				for (; i<an; i++, bs++) as[i] = O::f(as[i],*bs);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	template <class T> static void op_scan (int an, int n, T *as, T *bs) {
+		for (; n--; as=bs-an) {
+			for (int i=0; i<an; i++, as++, bs++) *bs=O::f(*as,*bs);
+		}
+	}
+};
+
+template <class T>
+static void quick_mod_map (int n, T *as, T b) {
+	if (!b) return;
+#define FOO(I) as[I]=mod(as[I],b);
+	UNROLL_8(FOO,n,as)
+#undef FOO
+}
+
+template <class T> static void quick_ign_map (int n, T *as, T b) {}
+template <class T> static void quick_ign_zip (int n, T *as, T *bs) {}
+template <class T> static void quick_put_map (int n, T *as, T b) {
+#define FOO(I) as[I]=b;
+	UNROLL_8(FOO,n,as)
+#undef FOO
+}
+
+#ifdef PASS1
+void quick_put_map (int n, int16 *as, int16 b) {
+	if (n&1!=0 && (long)as&4!=0) { *as++=b; n--; }
+	quick_put_map (n>>1, (int32 *)as, (int32)(b<<16)+b);
+	if (n&1!=0) *as++=b;
+}
+void quick_put_map (int n, uint8 *as, uint8 b) {
+	while (n&3!=0 && (long)as&4!=0) { *as++=b; n--; }
+	int32 c=(b<<8)+b; c+=c<<16;
+	quick_put_map (n>>2, (int32 *)as, c);
+	while (n&3!=0) *as++=b;
+}
+#endif
+template <class T> static void quick_put_zip (int n, T *as, T *bs) {
+	gfmemcopy((uint8 *)as, (uint8 *)bs, n*sizeof(T));
+}
+
+// classic two-input operator
+#define DEF_OP(op,expr,neutral,absorbent) \
+	template <class T> class Y##op : Op<T> { public: \
+		inline static T f(T a, T b) { return expr; } \
+		inline static bool is_neutral  (T x, LeftRight side) { return neutral; } \
+		inline static bool is_absorbent(T x, LeftRight side) { return absorbent; } };
+#define DEF_OPFT(op,expr,neutral,absorbent,T) \
+	template <> class Y##op<T> : Op<T> { public: \
+		inline static T f(T a, T b) { return expr; } \
+		inline static bool is_neutral  (T x, LeftRight side) { return neutral; } \
+		inline static bool is_absorbent(T x, LeftRight side) { return absorbent; } }; \
+// this macro is for operators that have different code for the float version
+#define DEF_OPF(op,expr,expr2,neutral,absorbent) \
+	DEF_OP( op,expr,      neutral,absorbent) \
+	DEF_OPFT(op,expr2,neutral,absorbent,float32) \
+	DEF_OPFT(op,expr2,neutral,absorbent,float64)
+
+#define DECL_OPON(base,op,T) NumopOn<T>( \
+	&base<Y##op<T> >::op_map, &base<Y##op<T> >::op_zip, \
+	&base<Y##op<T> >::op_fold, &base<Y##op<T> >::op_scan, \
+	&Y##op<T>::is_neutral, &Y##op<T>::is_absorbent)
+#define DECL_OPON_NOFOLD(base,op,T) NumopOn<T>( \
+	&base<Y##op<T> >::op_map, &base<Y##op<T> >::op_zip, 0,0, \
+	&Y##op<T>::is_neutral, &Y##op<T>::is_absorbent)
+#define DECL_OP(op,sym,flags) Numop(0, sym, \
+	DECL_OPON(OpLoops,op,uint8), DECL_OPON(OpLoops,op,int16), \
+	DECL_OPON(OpLoops,op,int32) NONLITE(, DECL_OPON(OpLoops,op,int64), \
+	DECL_OPON(OpLoops,op,float32), DECL_OPON(OpLoops,op,float64)), flags)
+#define DECL_OP_NOFLOAT(op,sym,flags) Numop(0, sym, \
+	DECL_OPON(OpLoops,op,uint8), DECL_OPON(OpLoops,op,int16), \
+	DECL_OPON(OpLoops,op,int32) NONLITE(, DECL_OPON(OpLoops,op,int64), \
+	NumopOn<float32>(0,0,0,0,0,0), NumopOn<float64>(0,0,0,0,0,0)), flags)
+#define DECL_OP_NOFOLD(op,sym,flags) Numop(0, sym, \
+	DECL_OPON_NOFOLD(OpLoops,op,uint8), DECL_OPON_NOFOLD(OpLoops,op,int16), \
+	DECL_OPON_NOFOLD(OpLoops,op,int32) NONLITE(, DECL_OPON_NOFOLD(OpLoops,op,int64), \
+	DECL_OPON_NOFOLD(OpLoops,op,float32), DECL_OPON_NOFOLD(OpLoops,op,float64)), flags)
+
+template <class T> static inline T gf_floor (T a) {
+	return (T) floor((double)a); }
+template <class T> static inline T gf_trunc (T a) {
+	return (T) floor(abs((double)a)) * (a<0?-1:1); }
+
+/*
+uint8 clipadd(uint8 a, uint8 b) { int32 c=a+b; return c<0?0:c>255?255:c; }
+int16 clipadd(int16 a, int16 b) { int32 c=a+b; return c<-0x8000?-0x8000:c>0x7fff?0x7fff:c; }
+int32 clipadd(int32 a, int32 b) { int64 c=a+b; return c<-0x80000000?-0x80000000:c>0x7fffffff?0x7fffffff:c; }
+int64 clipadd(int64 a, int64 b) { int64 c=(a>>1)+(b>>1)+(a&b&1);
+	return c<(nt_smallest(0LL)/2?nt_smallest(0LL):c>nt_greatest(0LL)/2?nt_greatest(0LL):a+b; }
+uint8 clipsub(uint8 a, uint8 b) { int32 c=a-b; return c<0?0:c>255?255:c; }
+int16 clipsub(int16 a, int16 b) { int32 c=a-b; return c<-0x8000?-0x8000:c>0x7fff?0x7fff:c; }
+int32 clipsub(int32 a, int32 b) { int64 c=a-b; return c<-0x80000000?-0x80000000:c>0x7fffffff?0x7fffffff:c; }
+int64 clipsub(int64 a, int64 b) { int64 c=(a>>1)-(b>>1); //???
+	return c<(nt_smallest(0LL)/2?nt_smallest(0LL):c>nt_greatest(0LL)/2?nt_greatest(0LL):a-b; }
+*/
+
+#ifdef PASS1
+DEF_OP(ignore, a, side==at_right, side==at_left)
+DEF_OP(put, b, side==at_left, side==at_right)
+DEF_OP(add, a+b, x==0, false)
+DEF_OP(sub, a-b, side==at_right && x==0, false)
+DEF_OP(bus, b-a, side==at_left  && x==0, false)
+DEF_OP(mul, a*b, x==1, x==0)
+DEF_OP(mulshr8, ((int32)a*(int32)b)>>8, (int64)x==256, x==0) //!@#$ bug with int64
+DEF_OP(div, b==0 ? 0 : a/b, side==at_right && x==1, false)
+DEF_OP(div2, b==0 ? 0 : div2(a,b), side==at_right && x==1, false)
+DEF_OP(vid, a==0 ? 0 : b/a, side==at_left && x==1, false)
+DEF_OP(vid2, a==0 ? 0 : div2(b,a), side==at_left && x==1, false)
+DEF_OPF(mod, b==0 ? 0 : mod(a,b), b==0 ? 0 : a-b*gf_floor(a/b),
+	false, side==at_left && x==0 || side==at_right && x==1)
+DEF_OPF(dom, a==0 ? 0 : mod(b,a), a==0 ? 0 : b-a*gf_floor(b/a),
+	false, side==at_left && x==0 || side==at_right && x==1)
+//DEF_OPF(rem, b==0 ? 0 : a%b, b==0 ? 0 : a-b*gf_trunc(a/b))
+//DEF_OPF(mer, a==0 ? 0 : b%a, a==0 ? 0 : b-a*gf_trunc(b/a))
+DEF_OP(rem, b==0?0:a%b, false, side==at_left&&x==0 || side==at_right&&x==1)
+DEF_OP(mer, a==0?0:b%a, false, side==at_left&&x==0 || side==at_right&&x==1)
+#endif
+#ifdef PASS2
+DEF_OP(gcd, gcd(a,b), x==0, x==1)
+DEF_OP(gcd2, gcd2(a,b), x==0, x==1) // should test those and pick one of the two
+DEF_OP(lcm, a==0 || b==0 ? 0 : lcm(a,b), x==1, x==0)
+DEF_OPF(or , a|b, (float32)((int32)a | (int32)b), x==0, x==nt_all_ones(&x))
+DEF_OPF(xor, a^b, (float32)((int32)a ^ (int32)b), x==0, false)
+DEF_OPF(and, a&b, (float32)((int32)a & (int32)b), x==nt_all_ones(&x), x==0)
+DEF_OPF(shl, a<<b, a*pow(2.0,+b), side==at_right && x==0, false)
+DEF_OPF(shr, a>>b, a*pow(2.0,-b), side==at_right && x==0, false)
+DEF_OP(sc_and, a ? b : a, side==at_left && x!=0, side==at_left && x==0)
+DEF_OP(sc_or,  a ? a : b, side==at_left && x==0, side==at_left && x!=0)
+DEF_OP(min, min(a,b), x==nt_greatest(&x), x==nt_smallest(&x))
+DEF_OP(max, max(a,b), x==nt_smallest(&x), x==nt_greatest(&x))
+#endif
+#ifdef PASS3
+DEF_OP(cmp, cmp(a,b), false, false)
+DEF_OP(eq,  a == b, false, false)
+DEF_OP(ne,  a != b, false, false)
+DEF_OP(gt,  a >  b, false, side==at_left&&x==nt_smallest(&x)||side==at_right&&x==nt_greatest(&x))
+DEF_OP(le,  a <= b, false, side==at_left&&x==nt_smallest(&x)||side==at_right&&x==nt_greatest(&x))
+DEF_OP(lt,  a <  b, false, side==at_left&&x==nt_greatest(&x)||side==at_right&&x==nt_smallest(&x))
+DEF_OP(ge,  a >= b, false, side==at_left&&x==nt_greatest(&x)||side==at_right&&x==nt_smallest(&x))
+DEF_OP(sin, (T)(b * sin(a * (M_PI / 18000))), false, false) // "LN=9000+36000n RA=0 LA=..."
+DEF_OP(cos, (T)(b * cos(a * (M_PI / 18000))), false, false) // "LN=36000n RA=0 LA=..."
+DEF_OP(atan, (T)(atan2(a,b) * (18000 / M_PI)), false, false) // "LA=0"
+DEF_OP(tanh, (T)(b * tanh(a * (M_PI / 18000))), false, x==0)
+DEF_OP(gamma, b<=0 ? 0 : (T)(0+floor(pow(a/256.0,256.0/b)*256.0)), false, false) // "RN=256"
+DEF_OP(pow, ipow(a,b), false, false) // "RN=1"
+DEF_OP(log, (T)(a==0 ? 0 : b * log(gf_abs(a))), false, false) // "RA=0"
+// 0.7.8
+//DEF_OPF(clipadd, clipadd(a,b), a+b, x==0, false)
+//DEF_OPF(clipsub, clipsub(a,b), a-b, side==at_right && x==0, false)
+DEF_OP(abssub,  gf_abs(a-b), false, false)
+DEF_OP(sqsub, (a-b)*(a-b), false, false)
+DEF_OP(avg, (a+b)/2, false, false)
+DEF_OP(hypot, (T)(0+floor(sqrt(a*a+b*b))), false, false)
+DEF_OP(sqrt, (T)(0+floor(sqrt(a))), false, false)
+DEF_OP(rand, a==0 ? 0 : random()%(int32)a, false, false)
+//DEF_OP(erf,"erf*", 0)
+#endif
+
+extern Numop      op_table1[], op_table2[], op_table3[];
+extern const long op_table1_n, op_table2_n, op_table3_n;
+
+#ifdef PASS1
+Numop op_table1[] = {
+	DECL_OP(ignore, "ignore", OP_ASSOC),
+	DECL_OP(put, "put", OP_ASSOC),
+	DECL_OP(add, "+", OP_ASSOC|OP_COMM), // "LINV=sub"
+	DECL_OP(sub, "-", 0),
+	DECL_OP(bus, "inv+", 0),
+	DECL_OP(mul, "*", OP_ASSOC|OP_COMM),
+	DECL_OP_NOFLOAT(mulshr8, "*>>8", OP_ASSOC|OP_COMM),
+	DECL_OP(div, "/", 0),
+	DECL_OP_NOFLOAT(div2, "div", 0),
+	DECL_OP(vid, "inv*", 0),
+	DECL_OP_NOFLOAT(vid2, "swapdiv", 0),
+	DECL_OP_NOFLOAT(mod, "%", 0),
+	DECL_OP_NOFLOAT(dom, "swap%", 0),
+	DECL_OP_NOFLOAT(rem, "rem", 0),
+	DECL_OP_NOFLOAT(mer, "swaprem", 0),
+};
+const long op_table1_n = COUNT(op_table1);
+#endif
+#ifdef PASS2
+Numop op_table2[] = {
+	DECL_OP_NOFLOAT(gcd, "gcd", OP_ASSOC|OP_COMM),
+	DECL_OP_NOFLOAT(gcd2, "gcd2", OP_ASSOC|OP_COMM),
+	DECL_OP_NOFLOAT(lcm, "lcm", OP_ASSOC|OP_COMM),
+	DECL_OP(or , "|", OP_ASSOC|OP_COMM),
+	DECL_OP(xor, "^", OP_ASSOC|OP_COMM),
+	DECL_OP(and, "&", OP_ASSOC|OP_COMM),
+	DECL_OP_NOFOLD(shl, "<<", 0),
+	DECL_OP_NOFOLD(shr, ">>", 0),
+	DECL_OP_NOFOLD(sc_and,"&&", 0),
+	DECL_OP_NOFOLD(sc_or, "||", 0),
+	DECL_OP(min, "min", OP_ASSOC|OP_COMM),
+	DECL_OP(max, "max", OP_ASSOC|OP_COMM),
+};
+const long op_table2_n = COUNT(op_table2);
+#endif
+#ifdef PASS3
+Numop op_table3[] = {
+	DECL_OP_NOFOLD(eq,  "==", OP_COMM),
+	DECL_OP_NOFOLD(ne,  "!=", OP_COMM),
+	DECL_OP_NOFOLD(gt,  ">", 0),
+	DECL_OP_NOFOLD(le,  "<=", 0),
+	DECL_OP_NOFOLD(lt,  "<", 0),
+	DECL_OP_NOFOLD(ge,  ">=", 0),
+	DECL_OP_NOFOLD(cmp, "cmp", 0),
+	DECL_OP_NOFOLD(sin, "sin*", 0),
+	DECL_OP_NOFOLD(cos, "cos*", 0),
+	DECL_OP_NOFOLD(atan, "atan", 0),
+	DECL_OP_NOFOLD(tanh, "tanh*", 0),
+	DECL_OP_NOFOLD(gamma, "gamma", 0),
+	DECL_OP_NOFOLD(pow, "**", 0),
+	DECL_OP_NOFOLD(log, "log*", 0),
+// 0.7.8
+//	DECL_OP(clipadd,"clip+", OP_ASSOC|OP_COMM),
+//	DECL_OP(clipsub,"clip-", 0),
+	DECL_OP_NOFOLD(abssub,"abs-", OP_COMM),
+	DECL_OP_NOFOLD(sqsub,"sq-", OP_COMM),
+	DECL_OP_NOFOLD(avg,"avg", OP_COMM),
+	DECL_OP_NOFOLD(hypot,"hypot", OP_COMM),
+	DECL_OP_NOFOLD(sqrt,"sqrt", 0),
+	DECL_OP_NOFOLD(rand,"rand", 0),
+	//DECL_OP_NOFOLD(erf,"erf*", 0),
+};
+const long op_table3_n = COUNT(op_table3);
+#endif
+
+// D=dictionary, A=table, A##_n=table count.
+#define INIT_TABLE(D,A) { D=IEVAL(mGridFlow,"@"#D" ||= {}"); \
+	for(int i=0; i<A##_n; i++) { \
+		A[i].sym = ID2SYM(rb_intern(A[i].name)); \
+		rb_hash_aset(D,A[i].sym,PTR2FIX((A+i)));}}
+
+#ifdef PASS1
+Ruby op_dict = Qnil;
+Ruby number_type_dict = Qnil;
+void startup_number () {
+	INIT_TABLE(op_dict,op_table1)
+	INIT_TABLE(op_dict,op_table2)
+	INIT_TABLE(op_dict,op_table3)
+	INIT_TABLE(number_type_dict,number_type_table)
+
+	for (int i=0; i<COUNT(number_type_table); i++) {
+		number_type_table[i].index = (NumberTypeE) i;
+		char a[64];
+		strcpy(a,number_type_table[i].aliases);
+		char *b = strchr(a,',');
+		if (b) {
+			*b=0;
+			rb_hash_aset(number_type_dict, ID2SYM(rb_intern(b+1)),
+				PTR2FIX(&number_type_table[i]));
+		}
+		rb_hash_aset(number_type_dict, ID2SYM(rb_intern(a)),
+				PTR2FIX(&number_type_table[i]));
+	}
+// S:name; M:mode; F:replacement function;
+#define OVERRIDE_INT(S,M,F) { \
+	Numop *foo = FIX2PTR(Numop,rb_hash_aref(op_dict,SYM(S))); \
+	foo->on_uint8.op_##M=F; \
+	foo->on_int16.op_##M=F; \
+	foo->on_int32.op_##M=F; }
+	OVERRIDE_INT(ignore,map,quick_ign_map);
+	OVERRIDE_INT(ignore,zip,quick_ign_zip);
+	//OVERRIDE_INT(put,map,quick_put_map);
+	//OVERRIDE_INT(put,zip,quick_put_zip);
+	//OVERRIDE_INT(%,map,quick_mod_map); // !@#$ does that make an improvement at all?
+}
+#endif
diff --git a/externals/gridflow/base/source_filter.rb b/externals/gridflow/base/source_filter.rb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..59e24867
--- /dev/null
+++ b/externals/gridflow/base/source_filter.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,274 @@
+$keywords = %w(class decl def end grdecl)
+$stack = []
+$classes = []
+
+ClassDecl = Struct.new(:name,:supername,:methods,:grins,:attrs,:info)
+MethodDecl = Struct.new(:rettype,:selector,:arglist,:minargs,:maxargs,:where)
+Arg = Struct.new(:type,:name,:default)
+
+class MethodDecl
+	def ==(o)
+		return false unless rettype==o.rettype &&
+		maxargs==o.maxargs # && minargs==o.minargs 
+		arglist.each_index{|i| arglist[i] == o.arglist[i] or return false }
+		return true
+	end
+end
+
+class Arg
+	def ==(o)
+		type==o.type && name==o.name # && default==o.default
+	end
+end
+
+In = File.open ARGV[0], "r"
+Out = File.open ARGV[1], "w"
+
+def handle_class(line)
+	raise "already in class #{where}" if $stack[-1] and ClassDecl===$stack[-1]
+	#STDERR.puts "class: #{line}"
+	/^(\w+)(?:\s*<\s*(\w+))?$/.match line or raise "syntax error #{where}"
+	q=ClassDecl.new($1,$2,{},{},{},false)
+	$stack << q
+	$classes << q
+	Out.puts ""
+end
+
+def parse_methoddecl(line,term)
+	/^(\w+)\s+(\w+)\s*\(([^\)]*)\)\s*#{term}/.match line or
+		raise "syntax error #{where} #{line}"
+	rettype,selector,arglist = $1,$2,$3
+	arglist,minargs,maxargs = parse_arglist arglist
+	MethodDecl.new(rettype,selector,arglist,minargs,maxargs,where)
+end
+
+def parse_arglist(arglist)
+	arglist = arglist.split(/,/)
+	maxargs = arglist.length
+	args = arglist.map {|arg|
+		if /^\s*\.\.\.\s*$/.match arg then maxargs=-1; next end
+		/^\s*([\w\s\*<>]+)\s*\b(\w+)\s*(?:\=(.*))?/.match arg or
+			raise "syntax error in \"#{arg}\" #{where}"
+		type,name,default=$1,$2,$3
+		Arg.new(type.sub(/\s+$/,""),name,default)
+	}.compact
+	minargs = args.length
+	minargs-=1 while minargs>0 and args[minargs-1].default
+	[args,minargs,maxargs]
+end
+
+def unparse_arglist(arglist,with_default=true)
+	arglist.map {|arg|
+		x="#{arg.type} #{arg.name} "
+		x<<'='<<arg.default if with_default and arg.default
+		x
+	}.join(", ")
+end
+
+def where
+  "[#{ARGV[0]}:#{$linenumber}]"
+end
+
+def handle_attr(line)
+	type = line.gsub(%r"//.*$","").gsub(%r"/\*.*\*/","").gsub(%r";?\s*$","")
+	name = type.slice!(/\w+$/)
+	raise "missing \\class #{where}" if
+		not $stack[-1] or not ClassDecl===$stack[-1]
+	$stack[-1].attrs[name]=Arg.new(type,name,nil)
+	Out.print line
+	Out.puts "//FCS"
+	handle_decl "void _0_#{name}_m (#{type} #{name});"
+	Out.puts "# #{$linenumber}"
+end
+
+def handle_decl(line)
+	raise "missing \\class #{where}" if
+		not $stack[-1] or not ClassDecl===$stack[-1]
+	classname = $stack[-1].name
+	m = parse_methoddecl(line,";\s*$")
+	$stack[-1].methods[m.selector] = m
+
+	Out.print "#{m.rettype} #{m.selector}(int argc, Ruby *argv"
+	Out.print "," if m.arglist.length>0
+	Out.print "#{unparse_arglist m.arglist});"
+	Out.puts "static Ruby #{m.selector}_wrap"+
+	"(int argc, Ruby *argv, Ruby rself);//FCS"
+	Out.puts "# #{$linenumber+1}"
+end
+
+def handle_def(line)
+	m = parse_methoddecl(line,"\{?.*$")
+	term = line[/\{.*/]
+	qlass = $stack[-1]
+	raise "missing \\class #{where}" if not qlass or not ClassDecl===qlass
+	classname = qlass.name
+	if qlass.methods[m.selector]
+		n = m; m = qlass.methods[m.selector]
+		if m!=n then
+			STDERR.puts "warning: def does not match decl:"
+			STDERR.puts "#{m.where}: \\decl #{m.inspect}"
+			STDERR.puts "#{n.where}: \\def #{n.inspect}"
+		end
+	else
+		qlass.methods[m.selector] = m
+	end
+
+	Out.print "Ruby #{classname}::#{m.selector}_wrap"+
+	"(int argc, Ruby *argv, Ruby rself) {"+
+	"static const char *methodspec = "+
+	"\"#{qlass.name}::#{m.selector}(#{unparse_arglist m.arglist,false})\";"+
+	"DGS(#{classname});"
+
+	Out.print "if (argc<#{m.minargs}"
+	Out.print "||argc>#{m.maxargs}" if m.maxargs!=-1
+	Out.print ") RAISE(\"got %d args instead of %d..%d in %s\""+
+		",argc,#{m.minargs},#{m.maxargs},methodspec);"
+
+	error = proc {|x,y|
+		"RAISE(\"got %s instead of #{x} in %s\","+
+		"rb_str_ptr(rb_inspect(rb_obj_class(#{y}))),methodspec)"
+	}
+
+	m.arglist.each_with_index{|arg,i|
+		case arg.type
+		when "Symbol"
+			Out.print "if (argc>#{i} && TYPE(argv[#{i}])!=T_SYMBOL) "+
+			error[arg.type,"argv[#{i}]"]+";"
+		when "Array"
+			Out.print "if (argc>#{i} && TYPE(argv[#{i}])!=T_ARRAY) "+
+			error[arg.type,"argv[#{i}]"]+";"
+		when "String"
+			Out.print "if (argc>#{i} && TYPE(argv[#{i}])==T_SYMBOL) "+
+			"argv[#{i}]=rb_funcall(argv[#{i}],SI(to_s),0);"
+			Out.print "if (argc>#{i} && TYPE(argv[#{i}])!=T_STRING) "+
+			error[arg.type,"argv[#{i}]"]+";"
+		end
+	}
+
+#	Out.print "return " if m.rettype!="void"
+	Out.print "VALUE foo = " if m.rettype!="void" ###
+
+	Out.print " self->#{m.selector}(argc,argv"
+	m.arglist.each_with_index{|arg,i|
+		if arg.default then
+			Out.print ",argc<#{i+1}?#{arg.default}:convert(argv[#{i}],(#{arg.type}*)0)"
+		else
+			Out.print ",convert(argv[#{i}],(#{arg.type}*)0)"
+		end
+	}
+	Out.print ");"
+	Out.print "self->check_magic();"
+	Out.print "return Qnil;" if m.rettype=="void"
+	Out.print "return foo;" if m.rettype!="void" ###
+	Out.print "} #{m.rettype} #{classname}::#{m.selector}(int argc, Ruby *argv"
+	Out.print "," if m.arglist.length>0
+	Out.puts "#{unparse_arglist m.arglist, false})#{term}//FCS"
+end
+
+def handle_classinfo(line)
+	frame = $stack[-1]
+	cl = frame.name
+	line="{}" if /^\s*$/ =~ line
+	Out.puts "static void #{cl}_startup (Ruby rself);"
+	Out.puts "static void *#{cl}_allocator () {return new #{cl};}"
+	Out.puts "static MethodDecl #{cl}_methods[] = {"
+	Out.puts frame.methods.map {|foo,method|
+		c,s = frame.name,method.selector
+		"{ \"#{s}\",(RMethod)#{c}::#{s}_wrap }"
+	}.join(",")
+	Out.puts "}; FClass ci#{cl} = { #{cl}_allocator, #{cl}_startup,"
+	Out.puts "#{cl.inspect}, COUNT(#{cl}_methods), #{cl}_methods };"
+	Out.puts "void #{frame.name}_startup (Ruby rself) "+line
+end
+
+def handle_grin(line)
+	fields = line.split(/\s+/)
+	i = fields[0].to_i
+	c = $stack[-1].name
+	Out.print "template <class T> void grin_#{i}(GridInlet *in, int n, Pt<T> data);"
+	Out.print "template <class T> static void grinw_#{i} (GridInlet *in, int n, Pt<T> data);"
+	Out.print "static GridHandler grid_#{i}_hand;"
+	handle_decl "Ruby _#{i}_grid(...);"
+	$stack[-1].grins[i] = fields.dup
+end
+
+def handle_end(line)
+	frame = $stack.pop
+	fields = line.split(/\s+/)
+	n = fields.length
+	if ClassDecl===frame then
+		#handle_classinfo if not frame.info
+		cl = frame.name
+		if fields[0]!="class" or
+		(n>1 and fields[1]!=cl)
+		then raise "end not matching #{where}" end
+		$stack.push frame
+		frame.attrs.each {|name,attr|
+			type,name,default = attr.to_a
+			#STDERR.puts "type=#{type} name=#{name} default=#{default}"
+			handle_def "void _0_#{name}_m (#{type} #{name}) { this->#{name}=#{name}; }"
+		}
+		frame.grins.each {|i,v|
+			k = case v[1]
+			when nil; '4'
+			when 'int32'; '1'
+			when 'int'; '2'
+			when 'float'; 'F'
+			else raise 'BORK BORK BORK' end
+			Out.print "static GridHandler #{cl}_grid_#{i}_hand = GRIN#{k}(#{cl},#{i});"
+			handle_def "Ruby _#{i}_grid(...) {"+
+				"if (in.size()<=#{i}) in.resize(#{i}+1);"+
+				"if (!in[#{i}]) in[#{i}]=new GridInlet((GridObject *)this,&#{cl}_grid_#{i}_hand);"+
+				"return in[#{i}]->begin(argc,argv);}"
+
+		}
+		$stack.pop
+		Out.puts "# #{$linenumber}"
+	end
+	if :ruby==frame then
+		if fields[0]!="ruby" then raise "expected \\end ruby" end
+	end
+	Out.puts ""
+end
+
+def handle_startall(line)
+	$classes.each {|q|
+		Out.print "rb_funcall(EVAL(\"GridFlow\"),SI(fclass_install),2,PTR2FIX(&ci#{q.name}),"
+		if q.supername then
+			Out.print "EVAL(\"GridFlow::#{q.supername}\"));"
+		else
+			Out.print "Qnil);"
+		end
+	}
+	Out.puts ""
+end
+
+def handle_ruby(line)
+	Out.puts ""
+	$stack.push :ruby
+end
+
+$rubymode=false
+$linenumber=1
+loop{
+	x = In.gets
+	break if not x
+	if /^\s*\\(\w+)\s*(.*)$/.match x then
+		begin
+			send("handle_#{$1}",$2)
+		rescue StandardError => e
+			STDERR.puts e.inspect
+			STDERR.puts "at line #{$linenumber}"
+			STDERR.puts e.backtrace
+			File.unlink ARGV[1]
+			exit 1
+		end
+	else
+		if $stack[-1]==:ruby then
+			x.gsub!(/([\\\"])/) { "\\"+$1 }
+			x="\"#{x.chomp}\\n\"\n"
+		end
+		Out.puts x
+	end
+	$linenumber+=1
+}
diff --git a/externals/gridflow/base/test.rb b/externals/gridflow/base/test.rb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1d44f918
--- /dev/null
+++ b/externals/gridflow/base/test.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,1086 @@
+# $Id: test.rb,v 1.1 2005-10-04 02:02:13 matju Exp $
+
+$:.delete_if {|x| x=='.' }
+require "gridflow"
+
+include GridFlow
+GridFlow.verbose=true
+
+$imdir = "./images"
+$animdir = "/opt/mex"
+srand Time.new.to_i
+$port = 4200+rand(100)
+
+def pressakey; puts "press return to continue."; readline; end
+
+class Expect < FObject
+	def praise(*a)
+		#raise(*a)
+		puts a
+	end
+	def expect(*v)
+		@count=0
+		@v=v
+		@expecting=true
+		yield
+		@expecting=false
+		praise "wrong number of messages (#{@count}), expecting #{@v.inspect}" if @count!=@v.length
+	end
+	def _0_list(*l)
+		return if not @expecting
+		praise "wrong number of messages (#{@count})" if @count==@v.length
+		praise "got #{l.inspect} expecting #{@v.inspect}" if @v[@count]!=l
+		@count+=1
+	end
+	def method_missing(s,*a)
+		praise "stray message: #{s}: #{a.inspect}"
+	end
+	install "expect", 1, 0
+end
+
+def test_bitpacking
+	#!@#$ WRITE ME
+end
+
+def test_operators
+	#!@#$ WRITE ME
+end
+
+def cast value, type
+	case type
+	when :uint8; value & 0xff
+	when :int16; (value & 0x7fff) - (value & 0x8000)
+	when :int32; value
+	when :int64; value
+	when :float32; value.to_f
+	when :float64; value.to_f
+	else raise "hell"
+	end
+end
+
+def test_math
+	hm = "#".intern
+#for nt in [:uint8, :int16, :int32, :int64, :float32, :float64] do
+for nt in [:uint8, :int16, :int32, :float32] do
+
+	#GridFlow.verbose = false
+	GridFlow.gfpost "starting test for #{nt}"
+	e = FObject["@export_list"]
+	x = Expect.new
+	e.connect 0,x,0
+
+	x.expect([1,2,3,11,12,13,21,22,23]) {
+		e.send_in 0, 3,3,nt,hm,1,2,3,11,12,13,21,22,23 }
+
+	a = FObject["fork"]
+	b = FObject["@ +"]
+	a.connect 0,b,0
+	a.connect 1,b,1
+	b.connect 0,e,0
+	x.expect([4]) { a.send_in 0, 2 }
+
+	x.expect([2,3,5,7]) { e.send_in 0,"list #{nt} 2 3 5 7" }
+	a = FObject["@fold + {#{nt} # 0}"]
+	a.connect 0,e,0
+	x.expect([cast(420000,nt)]) { a.send_in 0,"10000 #{nt} # 42" }
+
+	(a = FObject["@ + {#{nt} 0 10}"]).connect 0,e,0
+	x.expect([1,12,4,18,16,42,64]) {
+		a.send_in 0,:list,nt, 1,2,4,8,16,32,64 }
+
+	a = FObject["@ + {#{nt} 2 3 5}"]
+	b = FObject["@fold + {#{nt} # 0}"]
+	a.connect 0,b,0
+	b.connect 0,e,0
+	x.expect([cast(45332,nt)]) { a.send_in 0, 1000,nt,hm,42 }
+	
+
+	(a = FObject["@ + {#{nt} # 42}"]).connect 0,e,0
+	x.expect((43..169).to_a) {
+		a.send_in 0,:list,nt, *(1..127).to_a }
+
+	x.expect([3,5,9,15]) {
+		a.send_in 1,:list,4,nt,hm, 2,3,5,7
+		a.send_in 0,:list,4,nt,hm, 1,2,4,8 }
+	x.expect([11,12,14,18]) {
+		a.send_in 1, "list #{nt} # 10"
+		a.send_in 0,:list,nt, 1,2,4,8 }
+
+if nt!=:uint8 and nt!=:float32 and nt!=:float64
+	(a = FObject["@ / {#{nt} # 3}"]).connect 0,e,0
+	x.expect([-2,-1,-1,-1,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,2]) {
+		a.send_in(0,:list,nt, *(-6..6).to_a) }
+
+	(a = FObject["@ div {#{nt} # 3}"]).connect 0,e,0
+	x.expect([-2,-2,-2,-1,-1,-1,0,0,0,1,1,1,2]) {
+		a.send_in(0, :list, nt, *(-6..6).to_a) }
+end
+
+	(a = FObject["@ ignore {#{nt} # 42}"]).connect 0,e,0
+	x.expect((42..52).to_a) { a.send_in(0, :list, nt, *(42..52).to_a) }
+
+	(a = FObject["@ put {#{nt} # 42}"]).connect 0,e,0
+	x.expect([42]*13) { a.send_in(0, :list, nt, *(-6..6).to_a) }
+
+if nt!=:uint8
+	(a = FObject["@! abs"]).connect 0,e,0
+	x.expect([2,3,5,7]) {
+		a.send_in 0,:list,nt, -2,3,-5,7 }
+end
+
+	(a = FObject["@fold * {#{nt} # 1}"]).connect 0,e,0
+	x.expect([210]) { a.send_in 0,:list,nt, 2,3,5,7 }
+	x.expect([128]) { a.send_in 0,:list,nt, 1,1,2,1,2,2,2,1,1,2,1,2,2 }
+
+	(a = FObject["@fold + {#{nt} 0 0}"]).connect 0,e,0
+	x.expect([18,23]) { a.send_in 0, 3,2,nt,hm,2,3,5,7,11,13 }
+
+	(a = FObject["@scan + {#{nt} 0 0}"]).connect 0,e,0
+	x.expect([2,3,7,10,18,23]) { a.send_in 0, 3,2,nt,hm,2,3,5,7,11,13 }
+
+	(a = FObject["@scan * {#{nt} # 1}"]).connect 0,e,0
+	x.expect([2,6,30,210]) { a.send_in 0,:list,nt, 2,3,5,7 }
+	x.expect([1,1,2,2,4,8,16,16,16,32,32,64,128]) {
+		a.send_in 0,:list,nt, 1,1,2,1,2,2,2,1,1,2,1,2,2 }
+
+	(a = FObject["@scan + {#{nt} 0 0 0}"]).connect 0,e,0
+	x.expect([1,2,3,5,7,9,12,15,18]) {
+		a.send_in 0,:list,3,3,nt,hm,*(1..9).to_a }
+
+	(a = FObject["@scan + {#{nt} # 0}"]).connect 0,e,0
+	x.expect([1,3,6, 4,9,15, 7,15,24]) {
+		a.send_in 0,:list,3,3,nt,hm,*(1..9).to_a }
+
+	(a = FObject["@outer +"]).connect 0,e,0
+	x.expect([9,10,12,17,18,20,33,34,36]) {
+		a.send_in 1,:list,nt, 1,2,4
+		a.send_in 0,:list,nt, 8,16,32 }
+
+	x.expect((0...100).to_a) {
+		a.send_in 1,(0...10).to_a
+		a.send_in 0,(0...10).map{|i| 10*i }}
+
+if nt!=:uint8 and nt!=:float32 and nt!=:float64
+	(a = FObject["@outer",:%,[nt,3,-3]]).connect 0,e,0
+	x.expect([0,0,1,-2,2,-1,0,0,1,-2,2,-1,0,0]) {
+		a.send_in 0,:list,nt, -30,-20,-10,0,+10,+20,+30 }
+
+	(a = FObject["@outer","swap%".intern,[nt,3,-3]]).connect 0,e,0
+	x.expect([-27,-3,-17,-3,-7,-3,0,0,3,7,3,17,3,27]) {
+		a.send_in 0,:list,nt, -30,-20,-10,0,+10,+20,+30 }
+end
+
+	(a = FObject["@import {3}"]).connect 0,e,0
+	x.expect([2,3,5]) { [2,3,5].each {|v| a.send_in 0,:list,nt,hm,v }}
+
+	(a = FObject["@import {3}"]).connect 0,e,0
+	x.expect([2,3,5]) { [2,3,5].each {|v| a.send_in 0,:list,nt,v }}
+
+	(a = FObject["@redim {5}"]).connect 0,e,0
+	x.expect([2,3,5,2,3]) { a.send_in 0,:list,2,3,5 }
+
+	(a = FObject["@redim {5}"]).connect 0,e,0
+	x.expect([0,0,0,0,0]) { a.send_in 0,:list }
+
+	(a = FObject["@redim {0}"]).connect 0,e,0
+	x.expect([]) { a.send_in 0,:list,42,37,69 }
+
+	(a = FObject["@inner * + {#{nt} # 0} {2 2 #{nt} # 2 3 5 7}"]).connect 0,e,0
+	(i0 = FObject["@redim {2 2}"]).connect 0,a,0
+	x.expect([12,17,48,68]) { i0.send_in 0,:list,nt, 1,2,4,8 }
+
+#if nt!=:int64
+if false
+	a = FObject["@print"]
+	a.send_in 0, "3 3 #{nt} # 1 0 0 0"
+	a.send_in 0, "3 3 3 #{nt} # 1 2 3 4"
+	a.send_in 0, "base 16"
+	a.send_in 0, "3 3 3 #{nt} # 255 0 0 0"
+end
+
+	(a = FObject["@outer * {3 2 #{nt} # 1 2 3}"]).connect 0,e,0
+	b = FObject["@dim"]
+	c = FObject["@export_list"]
+	a.connect 0,b,0
+	y = Expect.new
+	b.connect 0,c,0
+	c.connect 0,y,0
+
+	y.expect([2,3,2]) {
+		x.expect([1,2,3,1,2,3,10,20,30,10,20,30]) {
+			a.send_in 0,:list,nt, 1, 10 }}
+
+	#pr=GridPrint.new
+	(b = FObject["@redim {5 5}"]).connect 0,e,0
+	(a = FObject["@convolve * + {#{nt} # 0}"]).connect 0,b,0
+	(i0 = FObject["@redim {5 5 1}"]).connect 0,a,0
+	(i1 = FObject["@redim {3 1}"]).connect 0,a,1
+	i1.send_in 1, 3,3
+	x.expect([5,6,5,4,4,4,6,7,6,4,3,3,6,7,5,4,2,3,6,6,5,4,3,4,5]) {
+		a.send_in 1,:list,3,3,nt,hm, 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1
+		i0.send_in 0,:list,nt, 1,1,1,0,0,0 }
+
+	(a = FObject["@convolve * + {#{nt} # 0}"]).connect 0,e,0
+	x.expect([1,3,6,4,0]) {
+		a.send_in 1, 1,2,nt,hm, 1,1
+		a.send_in 0, 1,5,nt,hm, 0,1,2,4,0 }
+
+	(a = FObject["@import {4}"]).connect 0,e,0
+	x.expect([2,3,5,7]) {
+		[2,3,5,7].each {|v| a.send_in 0,v }}
+	x.expect([1,2,3],[4,5,6],[7,8,9]) {
+		a.send_in 1, :list, 3
+		a.send_in 0, :list, *(1..9).to_a}
+
+	for o in ["@store"]
+		(a = FObject[o]).connect 0,e,0
+		a.send_in 1, 5, 4, nt, hm, 1,2,3,4,5
+		x.expect([1,2,3,4,4,5,1,2,2,3,4,5]) {
+			a.send_in 0, 3,1, hm, 0,2,4 }
+		x.expect([1,2,3,4,5]*24) { a.send_in 0, 2,3,0,hm }
+		x.expect([1,2,3,4,5]*4)  { a.send_in 0, 0,hm }
+		x.expect([1,2,3,4,5]*4)  { a.send_in 0 }
+		x.expect([1,2,3,4]) { a.send_in 0,[0] }
+		a.send_in 1,:put_at,[0,0]
+		a.send_in 1,2,2,nt,hm,6,7,8,9
+		x.expect([6,7,3,4, 8,9,2,3, 4,5,1,2, 3,4,5,1, 2,3,4,5]) { a.send_in 0 }
+		x.expect([6,7,3,4]) { a.send_in 0,[0] }
+		x.expect([8,9,2,3]) { a.send_in 0,[1] }
+		a.send_in 1,:put_at,[1,1]
+		a.send_in 1,2,2,nt,hm,11,13,17,19
+		x.expect([6,7,3,4, 8,11,13,3, 4,17,19,2, 3,4,5,1, 2,3,4,5]) { a.send_in 0 }
+	end
+
+	b = FObject["@dim"]
+	c = FObject["@export_list"]
+	a.connect 0,b,0
+	y = Expect.new
+	b.connect 0,c,0
+	c.connect 0,y,0
+
+if nt!=:uint8 and nt!=:float32 and nt!=:float64 and nt!=:int64
+	(a = FObject["@for {#{nt} # 0} {#{nt} # 10} {#{nt} # 1}"]).connect 0,e,0
+	a.connect 0,b,0
+	y.expect([10]) {
+		x.expect((0...10).to_a) {
+			a.send_in 0 } }
+
+	(a = FObject["@for {#{nt} # 0} {#{nt} # -10} {#{nt} # 1}"]).connect 0,e,0
+	a.connect 0,b,0
+	y.expect([0]) { x.expect([]) { a.send_in 0 } }
+
+	(a = FObject["@for {#{nt} # 0} {#{nt} # -10} {#{nt} # -1}"]).connect 0,e,0
+	a.connect 0,b,0
+	y.expect([10]) { x.expect([0,-1,-2,-3,-4,-5,-6,-7,-8,-9]) { a.send_in 0 } }
+
+	(a = FObject["@for {#{nt} 0} {#{nt} 10} {#{nt} 1}"]).connect 0,e,0
+	a.connect 0,b,0
+	y.expect([10,1]) {
+		x.expect((0...10).to_a) {
+			a.send_in 0 } }
+
+	(a = FObject["@for {#{nt} 2 3} {#{nt} 5 7} {#{nt} 1 1}"]).connect 0,e,0
+	a.connect 0,b,0
+	y.expect([3,4,2]) {
+		x.expect([2,3,2,4,2,5,2,6,3,3,3,4,3,5,3,6,4,3,4,4,4,5,4,6]) {
+			a.send_in 0 } }
+end
+
+	(a = FObject["@complex_sq"]).connect 0,e,0
+	x.expect([8,0]) { a.send_in 0, 2, 2 }
+	x.expect([0,9]) { a.send_in 0, 0, 3 }
+
+	(a = FObject["@rotate 3000 {1 2 5}"]).connect 0,e,0
+#	pr = GridPrint.new
+#	a.connect 0,pr,0
+#	x.expect([]) { 
+	a.send_in 0, "5 5 # 1000 0 0 0 0 0" 
+#	}
+
+#if nt==:float32 or nt==:float64
+#	(a = FObject["@matrix_solve"]).connect 0,e,0
+#	x.expect([1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1]) { a.send_in 0, 3, 3, nt, hm, 1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1 }
+#end
+	GridFlow.gfpost "ending test for #{nt}"
+end # for nt
+
+	(a = FObject["@two"]).connect 0,e,0
+	x.expect([42,0]) { a.send_in 0,42 }
+	x.expect([42,28]) { a.send_in 1,28 }
+	x.expect([1313,28]) { a.send_in 0,1313 }
+
+	(a = FObject["@three"]).connect 0,e,0
+	x.expect([42,0,0]) { a.send_in 0,42 }
+	x.expect([42,28,0]) { a.send_in 1,28 }
+	x.expect([42,28,-1]) { a.send_in 2,-1 }
+
+	(a = FObject["@four"]).connect 0,e,0
+	x.expect([42,0,0,0]) { a.send_in 0,42 }
+	x.expect([42,0,0,-42]) { a.send_in 3,-42 }
+
+#	glob = FObject["@global"]
+#	glob.send_in 0, "profiler_dump"
+
+	e = FObject["@export_list"]
+	e.connect 0,x,0
+
+	a = FObject["@import per_message"]
+	a.connect 0,e,0
+	x.expect([1,2,3]) { a.send_in 0,1,2,3 }
+	x.expect([102,111,111]) { a.send_in 0,:symbol,:foo }
+	x.expect([ 70, 79, 79]) { a.send_in 0,:symbol,:FOO }
+
+	a = FObject["@join 1"]
+	a.connect 0,e,0
+	a.send_in 1,2,2,nt,hm,11,13,17,19
+	x.expect([2,3,11,13,5,7,17,19]) { a.send_in 0,2,2,nt,hm,2,3,5,7 }
+
+if nt!=:float64; #!@#$
+	a.send_in 1, 5,1,nt,hm,42
+	y.expect([5,4]) {
+		x.expect([2,3,5,42,7,11,13,42,17,19,23,42,29,31,37,42,41,43,47,42]) {
+			a.send_in 0, 5,3,nt,hm,2,3,5,7,11,13,17,19,23,29,31,37,41,43,47 }}
+end
+	a = FObject["@join 0"]
+	a.connect 0,e,0
+	a.send_in 1,2,2,nt,hm,11,13,17,19
+	x.expect([2,3,5,7,11,13,17,19]) { a.send_in 0,2,2,nt,hm,2,3,5,7 }
+
+	a = FObject["@join 0 {2 2 2 #{nt} # 1 2 3}"]
+	a.connect 0,e,0
+	a.connect 0,b,0
+	y.expect([2,2,2]) { x.expect([1,2,3,1,2,3,1,2]) { a.send_in 0,0,2,2,nt,hm }}
+
+	a = FObject["@ravel"]
+	b = FObject["@dim"]
+	be = FObject["@export_list"]
+	bx = Expect.new
+	a.connect 0,e,0
+	a.connect 0,b,0
+	b.connect 0,be,0
+	be.connect 0,bx,0
+	bx.expect([9]) {
+		x.expect([1,2,3,2,4,6,3,6,9]) {
+			o = FObject["@outer *"]
+			o.connect 0,a,0
+			o.send_in 1,1,2,3
+			o.send_in 0,1,2,3
+		}
+	}
+
+	a = FObject["@grade"]
+	a.connect 0,e,0
+	x.expect([0,2,4,6,8,9,7,5,3,1]) { a.send_in 0, 0,9,1,8,2,7,3,6,4,5 }
+	x.expect([0,9,1,8,2,7,3,6,4,5]) { a.send_in 0, 0,2,4,6,8,9,7,5,3,1 }
+	x.expect([7,6,5,4,3,2,1,0]) { a.send_in 0, 7,6,5,4,3,2,1,0 }
+
+	a = FObject["@grade"]
+	b = FObject["@fold +"]
+	a.connect 0,b,0
+	b.connect 0,e,0
+	x.expect([100*99/2]) { a.send_in 0, (0...100).map { (rand*0x10000).to_i }}
+	x.expect([100*99/2]) { a.send_in 0, (0...100).map { (rand*0x10).to_i }}
+	x.expect([100*99/2]) { a.send_in 0, (0...100).map { 0 }}
+
+	a = FObject["@perspective"]
+	a.connect 0,e,0
+	c = []
+	8.times {|v|
+		3.times {|i|
+			c << (v[i] * 1000 - 500) + (if i==2 then 2000 else 0 end)
+		}
+	}
+	x.expect([
+		-85,-85,85,-85,-85,85,85,85,
+		-51,-51,51,-51,-51,51,51,51]) {
+			a.send_in 0, 8,3,hm,*c }
+			
+# regressiontests for past bugs
+	a = FObject["@inner"] # that's it.
+end
+
+def test_rtmetro
+	rt = FObject["rtmetro 1000"]
+	pr = FObject["rubyprint"]
+	rt.connect 0,pr,0
+	GridFlow.post "trying to start the rtmetro"
+	rt.send_in 0,1
+	$mainloop.timers.after(10.0) {
+		GridFlow.post "trying to stop the rtmetro (after 10 sec delay)"
+		rt.send_in 0,0
+	}
+	$mainloop.loop
+end
+
+def test_print
+	i = FObject["@redim {3}"]
+	pr = FObject["@print"]
+#	pr = GridFlow::RubyPrint.new
+	i.connect 0,pr,0
+	i.send_in 0, 85, 170, 255
+	i.send_in 1, 3, 3
+	i.send_in 0, 1, 0, 0, 0
+	i.send_in 1, 2, 2, 2
+	i.send_in 0, 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19
+end
+
+class Barf < GridObject
+	def _0_rgrid_begin
+		raise "barf"
+	end
+	install_rgrid 0
+	install "barf", 1, 0
+end
+
+def test_nonsense
+#	(a = FObject["@! abs"]).connect 0,e,0
+#	x.expect_error {
+#		a.send_in 1, 42,42 }
+
+	a = FObject["@import {3}"]
+	b = Barf.new
+	a.connect 0,b,0
+	begin
+	  a.send_in 0, 1, 2, 3
+	rescue StandardError
+	  nil
+	else
+	  raise "Expected StandardError"
+	end
+	p b.inlet_dim(0)
+end
+
+def test_store
+	a = FObject["@in file #{$imdir}/teapot.png"]
+	b = FObject["@store"]
+	c = FObject["@out x11"]
+	a.connect 0,b,1
+	a.send_in 0,"cast uint8"
+	a.send_in 0
+	b.connect 0,c,0
+	d = FObject["@for {0 0} {256 256} {1 1}"]
+	e = FObject["@ ^ 85"]
+	d.connect 0,e,0
+	e.connect 0,b,0
+	f = FObject["fps detailed"]
+	c.connect 0,f,0
+	pr = FObject["rubyprint"]
+	f.connect 0,pr,0
+	GridFlow.verbose = false
+	256.times {|t|
+		e.send_in 1,t
+		d.send_in 0
+	}
+end
+
+# generates recursive checkerboard pattern (munchies) in bluish colours.
+class Munchies < FPatcher
+	@fobjects = ["fork","fork","@for 0 64 1","@for 0 64 1","@for 2 5 1",
+	"@outer ^","@outer *"]
+	@wires = [-1,0,0,0, 0,0,1,0, 1,1,4,0, 4,0,6,1,
+	1,0,3,0, 3,0,5,1, 0,0,2,0, 2,0,5,0, 5,0,6,0, 6,0,-1,0 ]
+	def initialize() super end
+	install "munchies",1,1
+end
+
+def test_munchies
+	m=Munchies.new
+	gout = FObject["@out quartz"]
+	m.connect 0,gout,0
+	m.send_in 0
+	$mainloop.loop
+end
+
+def test_image command
+	gin = FObject["@in"]
+	gout = FObject["@out x11"]
+	gin.connect 0,gout,0
+#	31.times {
+	3.times {
+		gin.send_in 0,"open #{command}"
+		gout.send_in 0,"timelog 1"
+		gin.send_in 0
+	}
+	FObject["@global"].send_in 0, "profiler_dump"
+	$mainloop.loop
+end
+
+def test_ppm2
+	gin = FObject["@in"]
+	store = FObject["@store"]
+	pa = FObject["@convolve << + 0"]
+	pb = FObject["@ / 9"]
+	ra = FObject["@redim {3 3}"]
+	gout = FObject["@out x11"]
+	gin.connect 0,store,1
+	store.connect 0,pa,0
+	pa.connect 0,pb,0
+	pb.connect 0,gout,0
+	ra.connect 0,pa,1
+	ra.send_in 0,"0 0"
+	gout.send_in 0,"timelog 1"
+	gin.send_in 0,"open file #{$imdir}/teapot.png"
+#	gin.send_in 0,"open file #{$imdir}/g001.jpg"
+	gin.send_in 0
+#	40.times { store.send_in 0 }
+	loop { store.send_in 0 }
+	v4j = FObject["@global"]
+	v4j.send_in 0,"profiler_dump"
+#	$mainloop.loop
+end
+
+def test_foo
+	foo = FObject["@for {0 0} {64 64} {1 1}"]
+	che = FObject["@checkers"]
+	sca = FObject["@scale_by {5 3}"]
+	out = FObject["@out x11"]
+	foo.connect 0,che,0
+	che.connect 0,sca,0
+	sca.connect 0,out,0
+	foo.send_in 0
+	$mainloop.loop
+end
+
+def test_anim(*msgs)
+	GridFlow.verbose = false
+	gin = FObject["@in"]
+	#gout1 = FObject["@out x11"]
+	gout1 = FObject["@out sdl"]
+	#gout1 = FObject["@out quicktime file test.mov"]
+	#gout1.send_in 0, :codec, :jpeg
+	fps = FObject["fps detailed"]
+	rpr = FObject["rubyprint"]
+	gout1.connect 0,fps,0
+	#fps.connect 0,rpr,0
+=begin
+	gout1 = FObject["@downscale_by {3 2}"]
+	gout2 = FObject["@rgb_to_greyscale"]
+	gout3 = FObject["@out aalib X11 -height 60 -width 132"]
+	gout1.connect 0,gout2,0
+	gout2.connect 0,gout3,0
+=end
+
+	rpr = FObject["rubyprint"]
+#	gin.connect 1,rpr,0
+
+	gin.connect 0,gout1,0
+=begin
+	layer=FObject["@layer"]
+	gin.connect 0,layer,0
+	layer.connect 0,gout1,0
+	check=FObject["@checkers"]
+	phor=FObject["@for {0 0} {256 256} {1 1}"]
+	phor.connect 0,check,0
+	check.connect 0,layer,1
+	phor.send_in 0
+=end
+
+#	scale = FObject["@scale_by 3"]
+#	gin.connect 0,scale,0
+#	scale.connect 0,gout1,0
+
+#	pr = FObject["rubyprint time"]; gout.connect 0,pr,0
+	msgs.each {|m| gin.send_in 0,m }
+	gin.send_in 0, "cast uint8"
+#	gout.send_in 0,"timelog 1"
+	d=Time.new
+	frames=2000
+	frames.times {|n|
+		#GridFlow.post "%d", n
+		gin.send_in 0
+		#gin.send_in 0, rand(1000)
+	}
+#	loop { gin.send_in 0 }
+#	metro = FObject["rtmetro 80"]
+#	metro.connect 0,gin,0
+#	metro.send_in 0,1
+#	$mainloop.loop
+
+	d=Time.new-d
+	printf "%d frames in %.6f seconds (avg %.6f ms, %.6f fps)\n",
+		frames, d, 1000*d/frames, frames/d
+#	global.send_in 0,"dfgdfgdkfjgl"
+	gout1.send_in 0, :close
+	global = FObject["@global"]
+	global.send_in 0,"profiler_dump"
+end
+
+class TestTCP < FObject
+	attr_accessor :idle
+	def initialize
+		@idle = true
+	end
+	def _0_bang
+		# GridFlow.gfpost "tick"
+		# avoid recursion
+		$mainloop.timers.after(0) {
+			($in_client.send_in 0; @idle=false) if @idle
+		}
+	end
+	install "tcptest",1,1
+end
+
+def test_tcp
+	if fork
+		# client (is receiving)
+		GridFlow.post_header = "[client] "
+		$in_client = in1 = FObject["@in"]
+		out = FObject["@out x11"]
+		in1.connect 0,out,0
+		out.send_in 0,"timelog 1"
+		out.send_in 0,"autodraw 2"
+		GridFlow.post "test: waiting 1 second"
+		sleep 1
+		p "HI"
+		#in1.send_in 0,"open grid tcp localhost #{$port}"
+		in1.send_in 0,"open grid tcp 127.0.0.1 #{$port}"
+		p "HI"
+
+		test_tcp = TestTCP.new
+
+		out.connect 0,test_tcp,0
+		test_tcp.connect 0,in1,0
+
+		GridFlow.post "entering mainloop..."
+		$mainloop.loop
+	else
+		# server (is sending)
+		GridFlow.post_header = "[server] "
+		$in1_server = in1 = FObject["@in"]
+		$in2_server = in2 = FObject["@in"]
+		$out = out = FObject["@out"]
+		toggle = 0
+		in1.connect 0,out,0
+		in2.connect 0,out,0
+		in1.send_in 0,"open #{$imdir}/r001.jpg"
+		in2.send_in 0,"open #{$imdir}/b001.jpg"
+		out.send_in 0,"open grid tcpserver #{$port}"
+		out.send_in 0,"type uint8"
+		test_tcp = GridFlow::FObject.new
+		def test_tcp._0_bang
+			# GridFlow.post "tick"
+			@toggle ||= 0
+			# avoid recursion
+			$mainloop.timers.after(0.01) {
+				if $out.format.stream
+					if @toggle==0; $in1_server else $in2_server end.send_in 0
+					@toggle ^= 1
+				end
+				_0_bang
+			}
+		end
+		out.connect 0,test_tcp,0
+		test_tcp.send_in 0
+		GridFlow.post "entering mainloop..."
+		$mainloop.loop
+	end
+end
+
+def test_layer
+	
+	gin = FObject["@in png file ShaunaKennedy/atmosphere-bleu.png"]
+#	gin1 = FObject["@in file #{$imdir}/r001.jpg"]
+#	gin = FObject["@join 2 {240 320 1 # 128}"]
+#	gin1.connect 0,gin,0
+
+#	gfor = FObject["@for {0 0} {120 160} {1 1}"]
+#	gfor = FObject["@for {0 0} {240 320} {1 1}"]
+	gfor = FObject["@for {0 0} {480 640} {1 1}"]
+	gche = FObject["@checkers"]
+
+	gove = FObject["@layer"]
+#	gove = FObject["@fold + {0 0 0 0}"]
+#	gout = FObject["@print"]
+#	gove = FObject["@inner2 * + 0 {3 4 # 1 0 0 0 0}"]
+#	gout = FObject["@out sdl"]
+	gout = FObject["@out x11"]
+
+	gin.connect 0,gove,0
+	gfor.connect 0,gche,0
+	gche.connect 0,gove,1
+	gove.connect 0,gout,0
+
+	gfor.send_in 0
+
+	fps = FObject["fps detailed"]
+	pr = FObject["rubyprint"]
+	gout.connect 0,fps,0
+	fps.connect 0,pr,0
+
+	loop{gin.send_in 0}
+#	gin.send_in 0
+#	gin1.send_in 0
+	$mainloop.loop
+end
+
+Images = [
+	"png file opensource.png",
+#	"png file ShaunaKennedy/atmosphere.png",
+#	"targa file #{$imdir}/tux.tga",
+#	"png file #{$imdir}/lena.png",
+	"file #{$imdir}/ruby0216.jpg",
+	"file #{$imdir}/g001.jpg",
+	"file #{$imdir}/teapot.tga",
+	"grid gzfile #{$imdir}/foo.grid.gz",
+	"grid gzfile #{$imdir}/foo2.grid.gz",
+#	"videodev /dev/video0",
+]
+
+def test_formats_speed
+	gin = FObject["@in"]
+	gout = FObject["@out x11"]
+	gin.connect 0,gout,0
+	GridFlow.verbose=false
+	t1=[]
+	Images.each {|command|
+		gin.send_in 0,"open #{command}"
+		t0 = Time.new
+		10.times {gin.send_in 0}
+		t1 << (Time.new - t0)
+		sleep 1
+	}
+	p t1
+end
+
+def test_formats
+	gin = FObject["@in"]
+	gout = FObject["@out window"]
+	gs = FObject["@ + {int16 # 0}"]
+	gin.connect 0,gs,0
+	gs.connect 0,gout,0
+#	GridFlow.verbose=false
+	t1=[]
+	Images.each {|command|
+		gin.send_in 0,"open #{command}"
+		gin.send_in 0,"cast int16"
+		# test for load, rewind, load
+		5.times {|x| gs.send_in 1, [:int16, '#'.intern, x*128]; gin.send_in 0}
+		# test for filehandle leak
+		#1000.times { gin.send_in 0,"open #{command}" }
+		sleep 1
+	}
+	p t1	
+end
+
+def test_rewind
+	gin = FObject["@in videodev /dev/video1 noinit"]
+	gin.send_in 0, "transfer read"
+	gout = FObject["@out ppm file /tmp/foo.ppm"]
+#	gout = FObject["@out x11"]
+	gin.connect 0,gout,0
+	loop {
+		gin.send_in 0
+		gout.send_in 0, "rewind"
+	}
+end
+
+def test_formats_write
+	# read files, store and save them, reload, compare, expect identical
+	a = FObject["@in"]
+	b = FObject["@out"]; a.connect 0,b,0
+	c = FObject["@ -"]; a.connect 0,c,1
+	d = FObject["@in"]; d.connect 0,c,0
+	e = FObject["@fold +"]; c.connect 0,e,0
+	f = FObject["@fold +"]; e.connect 0,f,0
+	g = FObject["@fold +"]; f.connect 0,g,0
+	h = FObject["@ / 15000"]; g.connect 0,h,0
+	i = FObject["@export_list"]; h.connect 0,i,0
+	x = Expect.new; i.connect 0,x,0
+	[
+		["ppm file", "#{$imdir}/g001.jpg"],
+		["targa file", "#{$imdir}/teapot.tga"],
+		["targa file", "#{$imdir}/tux.tga"],
+		["jpeg file", "#{$imdir}/ruby0216.jpg"],
+		["grid gzfile", "#{$imdir}/foo.grid.gz", "endian little"],
+		["grid gzfile", "#{$imdir}/foo.grid.gz", "endian big"],
+	].each {|type,file,*rest|
+		a.send_in 0, "open #{type} #{file}"
+		b.send_in 0, "open #{type} /tmp/patate"
+		rest.each {|r| b.send_in 0,r }
+		a.send_in 0
+		b.send_in 0, "close"
+		raise "written file does not exist" if not File.exist? "/tmp/patate"
+		d.send_in 0, "open #{type} /tmp/patate"
+		x.expect([0]) { d.send_in 0 }
+#		d.send_in 0
+	}	
+end
+
+def test_mpeg_write
+	a = FObject["@in ppm file /opt/mex/r.ppm.cat"]
+	b = FObject["@out x11"]
+	a.connect 0,b,0
+	loop{a.send_in 0}
+end
+
+def test_headerless
+	gout = FObject["@out"]
+	gout.send_in 0, "open grid file #{$imdir}/hello.txt"
+	gout.send_in 0, "headerless"
+	gout.send_in 0, "type uint8"
+	gout.send_in 0, "104 101 108 108 111 32 119 111 114 108 100 33 10"
+	gout.send_in 0, "close"
+	gin = FObject["@in"]
+	pr = FObject["@print"]
+	gin.connect 0,pr,0
+	gin.send_in 0, "open grid file #{$imdir}/hello.txt"
+	gin.send_in 0, "headerless 13"
+	gin.send_in 0, "type uint8"
+	gin.send_in 0
+end
+
+
+def test_sound
+#	o2 = FObject["@ * 359"] # @ 439.775 Hz
+#	o1 = FObject["@for 0 44100 1"] # 1 sec @ 1.225 Hz ?
+	o1 = FObject["@for 0 4500 1"]
+	o2 = FObject["@ * 1600"] # @ 439.775 Hz
+	o3 = FObject["@ sin* 255"]
+	o4 = FObject["@ gamma 400"]
+	o5 = FObject["@ << 7"]
+	out = FObject["@out"]
+	o1.connect 0,o2,0
+	o2.connect 0,o3,0
+	o3.connect 0,o4,0
+	o4.connect 0,o5,0
+	o5.connect 0,out,0
+#	out.send_in 0,"open raw file /dev/dsp"
+	out.send_in 0,"open grid file /dev/dsp"
+	out.send_in 0,"type int16"
+	x=0
+	loop {
+		o4.send_in 1, x
+		o1.send_in 0
+		x+=10
+	}
+end
+
+include Math
+def test_polygon
+	o1 = FObject["@for 0 5 1"]
+	o2 = FObject["@ * 14400"]
+	o3 = FObject["@outer + {0 9000}"]
+	o4 = FObject["@ +"]
+	o5 = FObject["@ cos* 112"]
+	o6 = FObject["@ + {120 160}"]
+	poly = FObject["@draw_polygon + {3 uint8 # 255}"]
+if false
+	out1 = FObject["@cast int32"]
+	out2 = FObject["@solarize"]
+#	out1 = FObject["@downscale_by 2 smoothly"]
+	out3 = FObject["@out x11"]
+	out1.connect 0,out2,0
+	out2.connect 0,out3,0
+else
+	out1 = FObject["@out x11"]
+	fps = FObject["fps detailed cpu"]
+	out1.connect 0,fps,0
+	pr = FObject["rubyprint"]
+	fps.connect 0,pr,0
+end
+	store = FObject["@store"]; store.send_in 1, "240 320 3 uint8 # 0"
+#	store2 = FObject["@store"]
+	store.connect 0,poly,0
+	poly.connect 0,store,1
+#	store2.connect 0,store,1
+	o1.connect 0,o2,0
+	o2.connect 0,o3,0
+	o3.connect 0,o4,0
+	o4.connect 0,o5,0
+	o5.connect 0,o6,0
+	o6.connect 0,poly,2
+#	cast = FObject["@cast int32"]
+#	poly.connect 0,cast,0
+#	cast.connect 0,out1,0
+	poly.connect 0,out1,0
+	x=0
+	GridFlow.verbose=false
+	task=proc {
+		o4.send_in 1, 5000*x
+		o5.send_in 1, 200+200*sin(x)
+		poly.send_in 1,:list,:uint8, *(0..2).map{|i| 4+4*cos(0.2*x+i*PI*2/3) }
+		o1.send_in 0
+		store.send_in 0
+# 		store2.send_in 0
+		x+=1
+		if x<1000 then $mainloop.timers.after(0.0) {task[]}
+		else GridGlobal.new.send_in 0,"profiler_dump"; exit end
+	}
+	task[]
+	$mainloop.loop
+end
+
+class FRoute2 < FObject
+	def initialize(selector)
+		@selector = selector.to_s
+	end
+	def method_missing(sym,*a)
+		sym=sym.to_s
+		if sym =~ /^_0_(.*)/
+			send_out((if $1==@selector then 0 else 1 end), $1.intern, *a)
+		else super end
+	end
+	install "route2", 1, 2
+end
+
+def test_aalib
+#	gin = FObject["@in ppm file #{$imdir}/r001.jpg"]
+	gin = FObject["@in ppm file #{$animdir}/b.jpg.cat"]
+	grey = FObject["@rgb_to_greyscale"]
+	cont = FObject["@ << 1"]
+	clip = FObject["@ min 255"]
+	gout = FObject["@out aalib X11"]
+	sto = FObject["@store"]
+	op = FObject["aa_fill_with_text {localhost 4242}"]
+	filt = FObject["route2 grid"]
+	gin.connect 0,grey,0
+	grey.connect 0,cont,0
+	cont.connect 0,clip,0
+	clip.connect 0,gout,0
+	gout.connect 0,filt,0
+	filt.connect 0,sto,1
+	sto.connect 0,op,0
+	op.connect 0,gout,0
+	gout.send_in 0, :autodraw, 0
+	GridFlow.verbose = false
+	task=proc{
+		gin.send_in 0
+		gout.send_in 0, :dump
+		sto.send_in 0
+		gout.send_in 0, :draw
+		$mainloop.timers.after(0.1,&task)
+	}
+	task[]
+	$mainloop.loop
+end
+
+def test_store2
+	o = [
+		FObject["@for {0 0} {240 320} {1 1}"],
+		FObject["@ / 2"],
+		FObject["@ + 0"],
+		FObject["@ + 0"],
+		FObject["@store"],
+		FObject["@out x11"]]
+	(0..4).each {|x| o[x].connect 0,o[x+1],0 }
+	q = FObject["@in ppm file images/r001.jpg"]
+	q.connect 0,o[4],1
+	q.send_in 0
+	o[0].send_in 0
+	$mainloop.loop
+end
+
+def test_remap
+	rem = FObject["@remap_image"]
+	rot = FObject["@rotate 4000"]
+	rem.connect 1,rot,0
+	rot.connect 0,rem,1
+	gin = FObject["@in ppm file #{$imdir}/teapot.png"]
+	gout = FObject["@out x11"]
+	gin.connect 0,rem,0
+	rem.connect 0,gout,0
+	gin.send_in 0
+	$mainloop.loop
+end
+
+def test_asm
+	GridFlow.verbose=false
+	a = FObject["@in ppm file images/r001.jpg"]
+	aa = FObject["@cast uint8"]
+	b = FObject["@store"]
+	d = FObject["@store"]
+	a.connect 0,aa,0
+	aa.connect 0,b,1
+	aa.connect 0,d,1
+	a.send_in 0
+	c = FObject["@ + {uint8 # 0}"]
+	t0 = Time.new; 1000.times {b.send_in 0}; t1 = Time.new-t0
+	t1 *= 1
+	b.connect 0,c,0
+	stuff=proc{
+		3.times{
+			t0 = Time.new; 1000.times {b.send_in 0}; t2 = Time.new-t0
+			t2 *= 1
+			GridFlow.post "   %f   %f   %f", t1, t2, t2-t1
+		}
+	}
+	puts "map:"
+	stuff[]
+	d.connect 0,c,1 # for zip
+	d.send_in 0
+	puts "zip:"
+	stuff[]	
+end
+
+def test_metro
+	o1 = RtMetro.new(1000,:geiger)
+	o2 = RubyPrint.new(:time)
+	o1.connect 0,o2,0
+	o1.send_in 0,1
+	$mainloop.loop
+end
+
+def test_outer
+	o = FObject["@outer + {0}"]
+	o.send_in 0, 25, 240, 320, 3, "#".intern, 42
+	g = FObject["@global"]
+	g.send_in 0, :profiler_dump
+end
+
+def test_jmax_to_pd filename
+	require "gridflow/extra/jmax_format.rb"
+	require "gridflow/extra/puredata_format.rb"
+	jfr = JMaxFileReader.new(File.open(filename),FObject)
+	FObject.broken_ok = true
+	my_patcher = jfr.parse
+#	my_patcher.subobjects.each {|x,| x.trigger if LoadBang===x }
+#	$mainloop.loop
+#	$p=my_patcher; ARGV.clear; load "/home/matju/bin/iruby"
+	filename = File.basename filename
+	filename[File.extname(filename)]=".pd"
+	filename[0,0]="pd_examples/"
+	pfw = PureDataFileWriter.new(filename)
+	pfw.write_patcher my_patcher
+	pfw.close
+end
+
+def test_error
+	x = FObject["@store"]
+	x.send_in 0
+end
+
+if ARGV[0] then
+	name = ARGV.shift
+	send "test_#{name}", *ARGV
+#	ARGV.each {|a| send "test_#{a}" }
+	exit 0
+end
+
+#test_polygon
+#test_math
+#test_munchies
+#test_image "grid file #{$imdir}/foo.grid"
+#test_image "grid gzfile #{$imdir}/foo.grid.gz"
+#test_print
+#test_nonsense
+#test_ppm2
+#test_anim "open file #{$imdir}/g001.jpg"#,"loop 0"
+#test_anim "open ppm file #{$animdir}/b.ppm.cat"
+#test_anim "open jpeg file #{$imdir}/rgb.jpeg.cat"
+#test_anim "open quicktime file BLAH"
+#test_anim "open quicktime file #{$imdir}/rgb_uncompressed.mov"
+#test_anim "open quicktime file #{$imdir}/test_mjpega.mov"
+#test_anim "open ppm gzfile motion_tracking.ppm.cat.gz"
+#test_anim "open videodev /dev/video","channel 1","size 480 640"
+#test_anim "open videodev /dev/video1 noinit","transfer read"
+#test_anim "open videodev /dev/video","channel 1","size 120 160"
+#test_anim "open mpeg file /home/matju/net/Animations/washington_zoom_in.mpeg"
+#test_anim "open quicktime file /home/matju/Shauna/part_1.mov"
+#test_anim "open quicktime file #{$imdir}/gt.mov"
+#test_anim "open quicktime file /home/matju/pics/domopers_hi.mov"
+#test_anim "open quicktime file /home/matju/net/c.mov"
+#test_formats
+#test_tcp
+#test_sound
+#test_metro
+#$mainloop.loop
diff --git a/externals/gridflow/bridge/placebo.rb b/externals/gridflow/bridge/placebo.rb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3d712d1d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/externals/gridflow/bridge/placebo.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+=begin
+	$Id: placebo.rb,v 1.1 2005-10-04 02:02:13 matju Exp $
+
+	GridFlow
+	Copyright (c) 2001,2002,2003,2004,2005 by Mathieu Bouchard
+
+	This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+	modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
+	as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
+	of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+
+	See file ../COPYING for further informations on licensing terms.
+
+	This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+	but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+	MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+	GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+	You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+	along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+	Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
+=end
+
+class Object
+  def self.dummy(sel)
+    self.module_eval "def #{sel}(*args) GridFlow.post \"dummy #{sel}: %s\", args.inspect end"
+  end
+end
+
+module GridFlow
+  class<<self
+  #  def add_creator_2(*args) post "dummy add_creator_2: %s", args.inspect end
+    dummy :add_creator_2
+    def post_string(s) STDERR.puts s end
+  end
+  class Clock
+    def initialize(victim) @victim=victim end
+    dummy :delay
+  end
+  class Pointer
+    dummy :initialize
+  end
+end
diff --git a/externals/gridflow/bridge/puredata.c b/externals/gridflow/bridge/puredata.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..dd6fd88f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/externals/gridflow/bridge/puredata.c
@@ -0,0 +1,772 @@
+/*
+	$Id: puredata.c,v 1.1 2005-10-04 02:02:13 matju Exp $
+
+	GridFlow
+	Copyright (c) 2001,2002,2003,2004,2005 by Mathieu Bouchard
+
+	This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+	modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
+	as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
+	of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+
+	See file ../COPYING for further informations on licensing terms.
+
+	This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+	but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+	MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+	GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+	You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+	along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+	Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
+*/
+
+/*
+'bridge_puredata.c' becomes 'gridflow.pd_linux' which loads Ruby and tells
+Ruby to load the other 95% of Gridflow. GridFlow creates the FObject class
+and then subclasses it many times, each time calling FObject.install(),
+which tells the bridge to register a class in puredata. Puredata
+objects have proxies for each of the non-first inlets so that any inlet
+may receive any distinguished message. All inlets are typed as 'anything',
+and the 'anything' method translates the whole message to Ruby objects and
+tries to call a Ruby method of the proper name.
+*/
+
+#define IS_BRIDGE
+#include "../base/grid.h.fcs"
+/* resolving conflict: T_OBJECT will be PD's, not Ruby's */
+#undef T_OBJECT
+#undef EXTERN
+#include <m_pd.h>
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include "g_canvas.h"
+
+/* **************************************************************** */
+struct BFObject;
+struct FMessage {
+	BFObject *self;
+	int winlet;
+	t_symbol *selector;
+	int ac;
+	const t_atom *at;
+	bool is_init;
+};
+#include <sys/time.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <setjmp.h>
+#define rb_sym_name rb_sym_name_r4j
+static const char *rb_sym_name(Ruby sym) {return rb_id2name(SYM2ID(sym));}
+
+static BuiltinSymbols *syms;
+
+void CObject_freeee (void *victim) {
+	CObject *self = (CObject *)victim;
+	self->check_magic();
+	if (!self->rself) {
+		fprintf(stderr,"attempt to free object that has no rself\n");
+		abort();
+	}
+	self->rself = 0; /* paranoia */
+	delete self;
+}
+
+
+/* can't even refer to the other mGridFlow because we don't link
+   statically to the other gridflow.so */
+static Ruby mGridFlow2=0;
+static Ruby mPointer=0;
+
+\class Pointer < CObject
+struct Pointer : CObject {
+	void *p;
+	Pointer() { assert(!"DYING HORRIBLY"); }
+	Pointer(void *_p) : p(_p) {}
+	\decl Ruby ptr ();
+};
+\def Ruby ptr () { return LONG2NUM(((long)p)); }
+\classinfo {
+	IEVAL(rself,
+"self.module_eval{"
+"def inspect; p=('%08x'%ptr).gsub(/^\\.\\.f/,''); \"#<Pointer:#{p}>\" % ptr; end;"
+"alias to_s inspect }"
+);}
+\end class Pointer
+Ruby Pointer_s_new (void *ptr) {
+	return Data_Wrap_Struct(EVAL("GridFlow::Pointer"), 0, 0, new Pointer(ptr));
+}
+void *Pointer_get (Ruby rself) {
+	DGS(Pointer);
+	return self->p;
+}
+
+static Ruby make_error_message () {
+	char buf[1000];
+	sprintf(buf,"%s: %s",rb_class2name(rb_obj_class(ruby_errinfo)),
+		rb_str_ptr(rb_funcall(ruby_errinfo,SI(to_s),0)));
+	Ruby ary = rb_ary_new2(2);
+	Ruby backtrace = rb_funcall(ruby_errinfo,SI(backtrace),0);
+	rb_ary_push(ary,rb_str_new2(buf));
+	for (int i=0; i<2 && i<rb_ary_len(backtrace); i++)
+		rb_ary_push(ary,rb_funcall(backtrace,SI([]),1,INT2NUM(i)));
+//	rb_ary_push(ary,rb_funcall(rb_funcall(backtrace,SI(length),0),SI(to_s),0));
+	return ary;
+}
+
+static int ninlets_of (Ruby qlass) {
+	if (!rb_ivar_defined(qlass,SYM2ID(syms->iv_ninlets))) RAISE("no inlet count");
+	return INT(rb_ivar_get(qlass,SYM2ID(syms->iv_ninlets)));
+}
+
+static int noutlets_of (Ruby qlass) {
+	if (!rb_ivar_defined(qlass,SYM2ID(syms->iv_noutlets))) RAISE("no outlet count");
+	return INT(rb_ivar_get(qlass,SYM2ID(syms->iv_noutlets)));
+}
+
+#ifndef STACK_GROW_DIRECTION
+#define STACK_GROW_DIRECTION -1
+#endif
+extern "C" void Init_stack(VALUE *addr);
+static VALUE *localize_sysstack () {
+	long bp;
+	sscanf(RUBY_STACK_END,"0x%08lx",&bp);
+	//fprintf(stderr,"old RUBY_STACK_END = %08lx\n",bp);
+	// HACK (2004.08.29: alx has a problem; i hope it doesn't get worse)
+	// this rounds to the last word of a 4k block
+	// cross fingers that no other OS does it too different
+	// !@#$ doesn't use STACK_GROW_DIRECTION
+	// bp=((bp+0xfff)&~0xfff)-sizeof(void*);
+	// GAAAH
+	bp=((bp+0xffff)&~0xffff)-sizeof(void*);
+	//fprintf(stderr,"new RUBY_STACK_END = %08lx\n",bp);
+	return (VALUE *)bp;
+}
+
+//****************************************************************
+// BFObject
+
+struct BFObject : t_object {
+	int32 magic; // paranoia
+	Ruby rself;
+	int nin;  // per object settings (not class)
+	int nout; // per object settings (not class)
+	t_outlet **out;
+
+	void check_magic () {
+		if (magic != OBJECT_MAGIC) {
+			fprintf(stderr,"Object memory corruption! (ask the debugger)\n");
+			for (int i=-1; i<=1; i++) {
+				fprintf(stderr,"this[0]=0x%08x\n",((int*)this)[i]);
+			}
+			raise(11);
+		}
+	}
+};
+
+static t_class *find_bfclass (t_symbol *sym) {
+	t_atom a[1];
+	SETSYMBOL(a,sym);
+	char buf[4096];
+	if (sym==&s_list) strcpy(buf,"list"); else atom_string(a,buf,sizeof(buf));
+	Ruby v = rb_hash_aref(rb_ivar_get(mGridFlow2, SI(@fclasses)), rb_str_new2(buf));
+	if (v==Qnil) {
+		post("GF: class not found: '%s'",buf);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (Qnil==rb_ivar_get(v,SI(@bfclass))) {
+		post("@bfclass missing for '%s'",buf);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	return FIX2PTR(t_class,rb_ivar_get(v,SI(@bfclass)));
+}
+
+static t_class *BFProxy_class;
+
+struct BFProxy : t_object {
+	BFObject *parent;
+	int inlet;
+};
+
+static void Bridge_export_value(Ruby arg, t_atom *at) {
+	if (INTEGER_P(arg)) {
+		SETFLOAT(at,NUM2INT(arg));
+	} else if (SYMBOL_P(arg)) {
+		const char *name = rb_sym_name(arg);
+		SETSYMBOL(at,gensym((char *)name));
+	} else if (FLOAT_P(arg)) {
+		SETFLOAT(at,RFLOAT(arg)->value);
+	} else if (rb_obj_class(arg)==mPointer) {
+		SETPOINTER(at,(t_gpointer*)Pointer_get(arg));
+	} else {
+		RAISE("cannot convert argument of class '%s'",
+			rb_str_ptr(rb_funcall(rb_funcall(arg,SI(class),0),SI(inspect),0)));
+	}
+}
+
+static Ruby Bridge_import_value(const t_atom *at) {
+	t_atomtype t = at->a_type;
+	if (t==A_SYMBOL) {
+		return ID2SYM(rb_intern(at->a_w.w_symbol->s_name));
+	} else if (t==A_FLOAT) {
+		return rb_float_new(at->a_w.w_float);
+	} else if (t==A_POINTER) {
+		return Pointer_s_new(at->a_w.w_gpointer);
+		} else {
+		return Qnil; /* unknown */
+	}
+}
+
+static Ruby BFObject_method_missing_1 (FMessage *fm) {
+	Ruby argv[fm->ac+2];
+	argv[0] = INT2NUM(fm->winlet);
+	argv[1] = ID2SYM(rb_intern(fm->selector->s_name));
+	for (int i=0; i<fm->ac; i++) argv[2+i] = Bridge_import_value(fm->at+i);
+	fm->self->check_magic();
+	rb_funcall2(fm->self->rself,SI(send_in),fm->ac+2,argv);
+	return Qnil;
+}
+
+static Ruby BFObject_rescue (FMessage *fm) {
+	Ruby error_array = make_error_message();
+//	for (int i=0; i<rb_ary_len(error_array); i++)
+//		post("%s\n",rb_str_ptr(rb_ary_ptr(error_array)[i]));
+	if (fm->self) pd_error(fm->self,"%s",rb_str_ptr(
+		rb_funcall(error_array,SI(join),1,rb_str_new2("\n"))));
+	if (fm->self && fm->is_init) fm->self = 0;
+	return Qnil;
+}
+
+static void BFObject_method_missing (BFObject *bself,
+int winlet, t_symbol *selector, int ac, t_atom *at) {
+	FMessage fm = { bself, winlet, selector, ac, at, false };
+	if (!bself->rself) {
+		pd_error(bself,"message to a dead object. (supposed to be impossible)");
+		return;
+	}
+	rb_rescue2(
+		(RMethod)BFObject_method_missing_1,(Ruby)&fm,
+		(RMethod)BFObject_rescue,(Ruby)&fm,
+		rb_eException,0);
+}
+
+static void BFObject_method_missing0 (BFObject *self,
+t_symbol *s, int argc, t_atom *argv) {
+	BFObject_method_missing(self,0,s,argc,argv);
+}
+
+static void BFProxy_method_missing(BFProxy *self,
+t_symbol *s, int argc, t_atom *argv) {
+	BFObject_method_missing(self->parent,self->inlet,s,argc,argv);
+}
+	
+static Ruby BFObject_init_1 (FMessage *fm) {
+	Ruby argv[fm->ac+1];
+	for (int i=0; i<fm->ac; i++) argv[i+1] = Bridge_import_value(fm->at+i);
+
+	if (fm->selector==&s_list) {
+		argv[0] = rb_str_new2("list"); // pd is slightly broken here
+	} else {
+		argv[0] = rb_str_new2(fm->selector->s_name);
+	}
+
+	Ruby rself = rb_funcall2(rb_const_get(mGridFlow2,SI(FObject)),SI([]),fm->ac+1,argv);
+	DGS(FObject);
+	self->bself = fm->self;
+	self->bself->rself = rself;
+
+	int ninlets  = self->bself->nin = ninlets_of(rb_funcall(rself,SI(class),0));
+	int noutlets = self->bself->nout = noutlets_of(rb_funcall(rself,SI(class),0));
+
+	for (int i=1; i<ninlets; i++) {
+		BFProxy *p = (BFProxy *)pd_new(BFProxy_class);
+		p->parent = self->bself;
+		p->inlet = i;
+		inlet_new(self->bself, &p->ob_pd, 0,0);
+	}
+	self->bself->out = new t_outlet*[noutlets];
+	for (int i=0; i<noutlets; i++) {
+		self->bself->out[i] = outlet_new(self->bself,&s_anything);
+	}
+	rb_funcall(rself,SI(initialize2),0);
+	return rself;
+}
+
+static void *BFObject_init (t_symbol *classsym, int ac, t_atom *at) {
+	t_class *qlass = find_bfclass(classsym);
+	if (!qlass) return 0;
+	BFObject *bself = (BFObject *)pd_new(qlass);
+	bself->magic = OBJECT_MAGIC;
+	bself->check_magic();
+	FMessage fm = { self: bself, winlet:-1, selector: classsym,
+		ac: ac, at: at, is_init: true };
+	long r = rb_rescue2(
+		(RMethod)BFObject_init_1,(Ruby)&fm,
+		(RMethod)BFObject_rescue,(Ruby)&fm,
+		rb_eException,0);
+	return r==Qnil ? 0 : (void *)bself; // return NULL if broken object
+}
+
+static void BFObject_delete_1 (FMessage *fm) {
+	fm->self->check_magic();
+	if (fm->self->rself) {
+		rb_funcall(fm->self->rself,SI(delete),0);
+	} else {
+		post("BFObject_delete is NOT handling BROKEN object at %08x",(int)fm);
+	}
+}
+
+static void BFObject_delete (BFObject *bself) {
+	bself->check_magic();
+	FMessage fm = { self: bself, winlet:-1, selector: gensym("delete"),
+		ac: 0, at: 0, is_init: false };
+	rb_rescue2(
+		(RMethod)BFObject_delete_1,(Ruby)&fm,
+		(RMethod)BFObject_rescue,(Ruby)&fm,
+		rb_eException,0);
+	bself->magic = 0xDeadBeef;
+}
+
+/* **************************************************************** */
+
+struct RMessage {
+	VALUE rself;
+	ID sel;
+	int argc;
+	VALUE *argv;
+};
+
+// this was called rb_funcall_rescue[...] but recently (ruby 1.8.2)
+// got a conflict with a new function in ruby.
+
+VALUE rb_funcall_myrescue_1(RMessage *rm) {
+	return rb_funcall2(rm->rself,rm->sel,rm->argc,rm->argv);
+}
+
+static Ruby rb_funcall_myrescue_2 (RMessage *rm) {
+	Ruby error_array = make_error_message();
+//	for (int i=0; i<rb_ary_len(error_array); i++)
+//		post("%s\n",rb_str_ptr(rb_ary_ptr(error_array)[i]));
+	post("%s",rb_str_ptr(rb_funcall(error_array,SI(join),1,rb_str_new2("\n"))));
+	return Qnil;
+}
+
+VALUE rb_funcall_myrescue(VALUE rself, ID sel, int argc, ...) {
+	va_list foo;
+	va_start(foo,argc);
+	VALUE argv[argc];
+	for (int i=0; i<argc; i++) argv[i] = va_arg(foo,VALUE);
+	RMessage rm = { rself, sel, argc, argv };
+	va_end(foo);
+	return rb_rescue2(
+		(RMethod)rb_funcall_myrescue_1,(Ruby)&rm,
+		(RMethod)rb_funcall_myrescue_2,(Ruby)&rm,
+		rb_eException,0);
+}
+
+/* Call this to get a gobj's bounding rectangle in pixels */
+void bf_getrectfn(t_gobj *x, struct _glist *glist,
+int *x1, int *y1, int *x2, int *y2) {
+	BFObject *bself = (BFObject*)x;
+	Ruby can = PTR2FIX(glist_getcanvas(glist));
+	Ruby a = rb_funcall_myrescue(bself->rself,SI(pd_getrect),1,can);
+	if (TYPE(a)!=T_ARRAY || rb_ary_len(a)<4) {
+		post("bf_getrectfn: return value should be 4-element array");
+		*x1=*y1=*x2=*y2=0;
+		return;
+	}
+	*x1 = INT(rb_ary_ptr(a)[0]);
+	*y1 = INT(rb_ary_ptr(a)[1]);
+	*x2 = INT(rb_ary_ptr(a)[2]);
+	*y2 = INT(rb_ary_ptr(a)[3]);
+}
+
+/* and this to displace a gobj: */
+void bf_displacefn(t_gobj *x, struct _glist *glist, int dx, int dy) {
+	Ruby can = PTR2FIX(glist_getcanvas(glist));
+	BFObject *bself = (BFObject *)x;
+	bself->te_xpix+=dx;
+	bself->te_ypix+=dy;
+	rb_funcall_myrescue(bself->rself,SI(pd_displace),3,can,INT2NUM(dx),INT2NUM(dy));
+	canvas_fixlinesfor(glist, (t_text *)x);
+}
+
+/* change color to show selection: */
+void bf_selectfn(t_gobj *x, struct _glist *glist, int state) {
+	Ruby can = PTR2FIX(glist_getcanvas(glist));
+	rb_funcall_myrescue(((BFObject*)x)->rself,SI(pd_select),2,can,INT2NUM(state));
+}
+
+/* change appearance to show activation/deactivation: */
+void bf_activatefn(t_gobj *x, struct _glist *glist, int state) {
+	Ruby can = PTR2FIX(glist_getcanvas(glist));
+	rb_funcall_myrescue(((BFObject*)x)->rself,SI(pd_activate),2,can,INT2NUM(state));
+}
+
+/* warn a gobj it's about to be deleted */
+void bf_deletefn(t_gobj *x, struct _glist *glist) {
+	Ruby can = PTR2FIX(glist_getcanvas(glist));
+	rb_funcall_myrescue(((BFObject*)x)->rself,SI(pd_delete),1,can);
+	canvas_deletelinesfor(glist, (t_text *)x);
+}
+
+/*  making visible or invisible */
+void bf_visfn(t_gobj *x, struct _glist *glist, int flag) {
+	Ruby can = PTR2FIX(glist_getcanvas(glist));
+	Ruby rself = ((BFObject*)x)->rself;
+	DGS(FObject);
+	self->check_magic();
+	rb_funcall_myrescue(((BFObject*)x)->rself,SI(pd_vis),2,can,INT2NUM(flag));
+}
+
+/* field a mouse click (when not in "edit" mode) */
+int bf_clickfn(t_gobj *x, struct _glist *glist,
+int xpix, int ypix, int shift, int alt, int dbl, int doit) {
+	Ruby can = PTR2FIX(glist_getcanvas(glist));
+	Ruby ret = rb_funcall_myrescue(((BFObject*)x)->rself,SI(pd_click),7,can,
+		INT2NUM(xpix),INT2NUM(ypix),
+		INT2NUM(shift),INT2NUM(alt),
+		INT2NUM(dbl),INT2NUM(doit));
+	if (TYPE(ret) == T_FIXNUM) return INT(ret);
+	post("bf_clickfn: expected Fixnum");
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* save to a binbuf */
+void bf_savefn(t_gobj *x, t_binbuf *b) {
+	rb_funcall_myrescue(((BFObject*)x)->rself,SI(pd_save),1,Qnil);
+}
+
+/* open properties dialog */
+void bf_propertiesfn(t_gobj *x, struct _glist *glist) {
+	Ruby can = PTR2FIX(glist_getcanvas(glist));
+	rb_funcall_myrescue(((BFObject*)x)->rself,SI(pd_properties),1,can);
+}
+
+/* get keypresses during focus */
+void bf_keyfn(void *x, t_floatarg fkey) {
+	rb_funcall_myrescue(((BFObject*)x)->rself,SI(pd_key),1,INT2NUM((int)fkey));
+}
+
+/* get motion diff during focus */
+void bf_motionfn(void *x, t_floatarg dx, t_floatarg dy) {
+	rb_funcall_myrescue(((BFObject*)x)->rself,SI(pd_motion),2,
+		INT2NUM((int)dx), INT2NUM((int)dy));
+}
+
+/* **************************************************************** */
+
+static void BFObject_class_init_1 (t_class *qlass) {
+	class_addanything(qlass,(t_method)BFObject_method_missing0);
+}
+
+\class FObject
+
+static Ruby FObject_s_install2(Ruby rself, Ruby name) {
+	if (TYPE(name)!=T_STRING) RAISE("name must be String");
+	t_class *qlass = class_new(gensym(rb_str_ptr(name)),
+		(t_newmethod)BFObject_init, (t_method)BFObject_delete,
+		sizeof(BFObject), CLASS_DEFAULT, A_GIMME,0);
+	rb_ivar_set(rself, SI(@bfclass), PTR2FIX(qlass));
+	FMessage fm = {0, -1, 0, 0, 0, false};
+	rb_rescue2(
+		(RMethod)BFObject_class_init_1,(Ruby)qlass,
+		(RMethod)BFObject_rescue,(Ruby)&fm,
+		rb_eException,0);
+	return Qnil;
+}
+
+static Ruby FObject_send_out2(int argc, Ruby *argv, Ruby rself) {
+//\def Ruby send_out2(...) {
+	DGS(FObject);
+	BFObject *bself = self->bself;
+	if (!bself) {
+		//post("FObject#send_out2 : bself is NULL, rself=%08x",rself);
+		return Qnil;
+	}
+	bself->check_magic();
+	Ruby qlass = rb_funcall(rself,SI(class),0);
+	int outlet = INT(argv[0]);
+	Ruby sym = argv[1];
+	argc-=2;
+	argv+=2;
+	t_atom sel, at[argc];
+	Bridge_export_value(sym,&sel);
+	for (int i=0; i<argc; i++) Bridge_export_value(argv[i],at+i);
+	t_outlet *out = bself->te_outlet;
+	outlet_anything(bself->out[outlet],atom_getsymbol(&sel),argc,at);
+	return Qnil;
+}
+
+static Ruby FObject_s_set_help (Ruby rself, Ruby path) {
+	path = rb_funcall(path,SI(to_s),0);
+	Ruby qlassid = rb_ivar_get(rself,SI(@bfclass));
+	if (qlassid==Qnil) RAISE("@bfclass==nil ???");
+	t_class *qlass = FIX2PTR(t_class,qlassid);
+	class_sethelpsymbol(qlass,gensym(rb_str_ptr(path)));
+	return Qnil;
+}
+
+static Ruby GridFlow_s_gui (int argc, Ruby *argv, Ruby rself) {
+	if (argc!=1) RAISE("bad args");
+	Ruby command = rb_funcall(argv[0],SI(to_s),0);
+	sys_gui(rb_str_ptr(command));
+	return Qnil;
+}
+
+static Ruby GridFlow_s_bind (Ruby rself, Ruby argv0, Ruby argv1) {
+	if (TYPE(argv0)==T_STRING) {
+#if PD_VERSION_INT < 37
+	RAISE("requires Pd 0.37");
+#else
+		Ruby name = rb_funcall(argv0,SI(to_s),0);
+		Ruby qlassid = rb_ivar_get(rb_hash_aref(rb_ivar_get(mGridFlow2,SI(@fclasses)),name),SI(@bfclass));
+		if (qlassid==Qnil) RAISE("no such class: %s",rb_str_ptr(name));
+		pd_typedmess(&pd_objectmaker,gensym(rb_str_ptr(name)),0,0);
+		t_pd *o = pd_newest();
+		pd_bind(o,gensym(rb_str_ptr(argv1)));
+#endif
+	} else {
+		Ruby rself = argv0;
+		DGS(FObject);
+		t_symbol *s = gensym(rb_str_ptr(argv1));
+		t_pd *o = (t_pd *)(self->bself);
+		//fprintf(stderr,"binding %08x to: \"%s\" (%08x %s)\n",o,rb_str_ptr(argv[1]),s,s->s_name);
+		pd_bind(o,s);
+	}
+	return Qnil;
+}
+
+static Ruby FObject_s_gui_enable (Ruby rself) {
+	Ruby qlassid = rb_ivar_get(rself,SI(@bfclass));
+	if (qlassid==Qnil) RAISE("no class id ?");
+	t_widgetbehavior *wb = new t_widgetbehavior;
+	wb->w_getrectfn    = bf_getrectfn;
+	wb->w_displacefn   = bf_displacefn;
+	wb->w_selectfn     = bf_selectfn;
+	wb->w_activatefn   = bf_activatefn;
+	wb->w_deletefn     = bf_deletefn;
+	wb->w_visfn        = bf_visfn;
+	wb->w_clickfn      = bf_clickfn;
+	//wb->w_savefn       = bf_savefn;
+	//wb->w_propertiesfn = bf_propertiesfn;
+	class_setwidget(FIX2PTR(t_class,qlassid),wb);
+	return Qnil;
+}
+
+static Ruby FObject_focus (Ruby rself, Ruby canvas_, Ruby x_, Ruby y_) {
+	DGS(FObject);
+	t_glist *canvas = FIX2PTR(t_glist,canvas_);
+	t_gobj  *bself = (t_gobj *)(self->bself);
+	int x = INT(x_);
+	int y = INT(y_);
+	glist_grab(canvas,bself, bf_motionfn, bf_keyfn, x,y);
+	return Qnil;
+}
+
+// doesn't use rself but still is aside FObject_focus for symmetry reasons.
+static Ruby FObject_unfocus (Ruby rself, Ruby canvas_) {
+	DGS(FObject);
+	t_glist *canvas = FIX2PTR(t_glist,canvas_);
+	glist_grab(canvas,0,0,0,0,0);
+	return Qnil;
+}
+
+static Ruby FObject_add_inlets (Ruby rself, Ruby n_) {
+	DGS(FObject);
+	if (!self->bself) RAISE("there is no bself");
+	int n = INT(n_);
+	for (int i=self->bself->nin; i<self->bself->nin+n; i++) {
+		BFProxy *p = (BFProxy *)pd_new(BFProxy_class);
+		p->parent = self->bself;
+		p->inlet = i;
+		inlet_new(self->bself, &p->ob_pd, 0,0);
+	}
+	self->bself->nin+=n;
+	return Qnil;
+}
+
+static Ruby FObject_add_outlets (Ruby rself, Ruby n_) {
+	DGS(FObject);
+	if (!self->bself) RAISE("there is no bself");
+	int n = INT(n_);
+	t_outlet **oldouts = self->bself->out;
+	self->bself->out = new t_outlet*[self->bself->nout+n];
+	memcpy(self->bself->out,oldouts,self->bself->nout*sizeof(t_outlet*));
+	for (int i=self->bself->nout; i<self->bself->nout+n; i++) {
+		self->bself->out[i] = outlet_new(self->bself,&s_anything);
+	}
+	self->bself->nout+=n;
+	return Qnil;
+}
+
+static Ruby bridge_add_to_menu (int argc, Ruby *argv, Ruby rself) {
+	if (argc!=1) RAISE("bad args");
+	Ruby name = rb_funcall(argv[0],SI(to_s),0);
+	Ruby qlassid = rb_ivar_get(rb_hash_aref(rb_ivar_get(mGridFlow2,SI(@fclasses)),name),SI(@bfclass));
+	if (qlassid==Qnil) RAISE("no such class: %s",rb_str_ptr(name));
+	//!@#$
+	return Qnil;
+}
+
+static Ruby GridFlow_s_add_creator_2 (Ruby rself, Ruby name_) {
+	t_symbol *name = gensym(rb_str_ptr(rb_funcall(name_,SI(to_s),0)));
+	class_addcreator((t_newmethod)BFObject_init,name,A_GIMME,0);
+	return Qnil;
+}
+
+static Ruby FObject_get_position (Ruby rself, Ruby canvas) {
+	DGS(FObject);
+	t_text *bself = (t_text *)(self->bself);
+	t_glist *c = FIX2PTR(t_glist,canvas);
+	float x0,y0;
+	if (c->gl_havewindow || !c->gl_isgraph) {
+		x0=bself->te_xpix;
+		y0=bself->te_ypix;
+	}
+	else { // graph-on-parent: have to zoom
+		float zx = float(c->gl_x2 - c->gl_x1) / (c->gl_screenx2 - c->gl_screenx1);
+		float zy = float(c->gl_y2 - c->gl_y1) / (c->gl_screeny2 - c->gl_screeny1);
+		x0 = glist_xtopixels(c, c->gl_x1 + bself->te_xpix*zx);
+		y0 = glist_ytopixels(c, c->gl_y1 + bself->te_ypix*zy);
+	}
+	Ruby a = rb_ary_new();
+	rb_ary_push(a,INT2NUM((int)x0));
+	rb_ary_push(a,INT2NUM((int)y0));
+	return a;
+}
+
+\classinfo {}
+\end class FObject
+
+//****************************************************************
+
+\class Clock < CObject
+struct Clock : CObject {
+	t_clock *serf;
+	Ruby owner; /* copy of ptr that serf already has, for marking */
+	\decl void set  (double   systime);
+	\decl void delay(double delaytime);
+	\decl void unset();
+};
+
+void Clock_fn (Ruby rself) { rb_funcall_myrescue(rself,SI(call),0); }
+void Clock_mark (Clock *self) { rb_gc_mark(self->owner); }
+void Clock_free (Clock *self) { clock_free(self->serf); CObject_freeee(self); }
+
+Ruby Clock_s_new (Ruby qlass, Ruby owner) {
+	Clock *self = new Clock();
+	self->rself = Data_Wrap_Struct(qlass, Clock_mark, Clock_free, self);
+	self->serf = clock_new((void*)owner,(t_method)Clock_fn);
+	self->owner = owner;
+	return self->rself;
+}
+
+\def void set  (double   systime) {   clock_set(serf,  systime); }
+\def void delay(double delaytime) { clock_delay(serf,delaytime); }
+\def void unset() { clock_unset(serf); }
+
+\classinfo {}
+\end class Clock
+
+//****************************************************************
+
+Ruby GridFlow_s_post_string (Ruby rself, Ruby string) {
+	if (TYPE(string)!=T_STRING) RAISE("not a string!");
+	post("%s",rb_str_ptr(string));
+	return Qnil;
+}
+
+#define SDEF(_name1_,_name2_,_argc_) \
+	rb_define_singleton_method(mGridFlow2,_name1_,(RMethod)GridFlow_s_##_name2_,_argc_)
+
+Ruby gf_bridge_init (Ruby rself) {
+	Ruby ver = EVAL("GridFlow::GF_VERSION");
+	if (strcmp(rb_str_ptr(ver), GF_VERSION) != 0) {
+		RAISE("GridFlow version mismatch: "
+			"main library is '%s'; bridge is '%s'",
+			rb_str_ptr(ver), GF_VERSION);
+	}
+	syms = FIX2PTR(BuiltinSymbols,rb_ivar_get(mGridFlow2,SI(@bsym)));
+	Ruby fo = EVAL("GridFlow::FObject");
+	rb_define_singleton_method(fo,"install2",(RMethod)FObject_s_install2,1);
+	rb_define_singleton_method(fo,"gui_enable", (RMethod)FObject_s_gui_enable, 0);
+	rb_define_singleton_method(fo,"set_help", (RMethod)FObject_s_set_help, 1);
+	rb_define_method(fo,"get_position",(RMethod)FObject_get_position,1);
+	rb_define_method(fo,"send_out2",   (RMethod)FObject_send_out2,-1);
+	rb_define_method(fo,"send_out2",   (RMethod)FObject_send_out2,-1);
+	rb_define_method(fo,"add_inlets",  (RMethod)FObject_add_inlets,  1);
+	rb_define_method(fo,"add_outlets", (RMethod)FObject_add_outlets, 1);
+	rb_define_method(fo,"unfocus",     (RMethod)FObject_unfocus, 1);
+	rb_define_method(fo,  "focus",     (RMethod)FObject_focus,   3);
+
+	SDEF("post_string",post_string,1);
+	SDEF("add_creator_2",add_creator_2,1);
+	SDEF("gui",gui,-1);
+	SDEF("bind",bind,2);
+	// SDEF("add_to_menu",add_to_menu,-1);
+
+	\startall
+	rb_define_singleton_method(EVAL("GridFlow::Clock"  ),"new", (RMethod)Clock_s_new, 1);
+	rb_define_singleton_method(EVAL("GridFlow::Pointer"),"new", (RMethod)Pointer_s_new, 1);
+	mPointer = EVAL("GridFlow::Pointer");
+	EVAL("class<<GridFlow;attr_accessor :config; end");
+	EVAL("GridFlow.config = {'PUREDATA_PATH' => %{"PUREDATA_PATH"}}");
+	return Qnil;
+}
+
+struct BFGridFlow : t_object {};
+
+t_class *bindpatcher;
+static void *bindpatcher_init (t_symbol *classsym, int ac, t_atom *at) {
+	t_pd *bself = pd_new(bindpatcher);
+	if (ac!=1 || at->a_type != A_SYMBOL) {
+		post("bindpatcher: oops");
+	} else {
+		t_symbol *s = atom_getsymbol(at);
+		post("binding patcher to: %s",s->s_name);
+		pd_bind((t_pd *)canvas_getcurrent(),s);
+	}
+	return bself;
+}
+
+extern "C" void gridflow_setup () {
+	char *foo[] = {"Ruby-for-PureData","-w","-e",";"};
+	post("setting up Ruby-for-PureData...");
+/*
+	post("pd_getfilename() = %s", pd_getfilename()->s_name);
+	post("pd_getdirname() = %s", pd_getdirname()->s_name);
+	post("canvas_getcurrentdir() = %p", canvas_getcurrentdir());
+	char *dirresult = new char[242];
+	char *nameresult;
+	int fd = open_via_path("","gridflow",".so",dirresult,&nameresult,242,1);
+	post("open_via_path: fd=%d dirresult=\"%s\" nameresult=\"%s\"",fd,dirresult,nameresult);
+	delete[] dirresult;
+*/
+	ruby_init();
+	Init_stack(localize_sysstack());
+	ruby_options(COUNT(foo),foo);
+	post("we are using Ruby version %s",rb_str_ptr(EVAL("RUBY_VERSION")));
+	Ruby cData = rb_const_get(rb_cObject,SI(Data));
+	BFProxy_class = class_new(gensym("ruby_proxy"),
+		NULL,NULL,sizeof(BFProxy),CLASS_PD|CLASS_NOINLET, A_NULL);
+	class_addanything(BFProxy_class,BFProxy_method_missing);
+	rb_define_singleton_method(cData,"gf_bridge_init",
+		(RMethod)gf_bridge_init,0);
+
+	mGridFlow2 = EVAL(
+		"module GridFlow; class<<self; attr_reader :bridge_name; end; "
+		"@bridge_name = 'puredata'; self end");
+	post("(done)");
+	if (!
+	EVAL("begin require 'gridflow'; true; rescue Exception => e;\
+		STDERR.puts \"[#{e.class}] [#{e.message}]:\n#{e.backtrace.join'\n'}\"; false; end"))
+	{
+		post("ERROR: Cannot load GridFlow-for-Ruby (gridflow.so)\n");
+		return;
+	}
+	bindpatcher = class_new(gensym("bindpatcher"),
+		(t_newmethod)bindpatcher_init, 0, sizeof(t_object),CLASS_DEFAULT,A_GIMME,0);
+}
+
+
diff --git a/externals/gridflow/bridge/puredata.rb b/externals/gridflow/bridge/puredata.rb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fffda1c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/externals/gridflow/bridge/puredata.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,194 @@
+=begin
+	$Id: puredata.rb,v 1.1 2005-10-04 02:02:13 matju Exp $
+
+	GridFlow
+	Copyright (c) 2001,2002 by Mathieu Bouchard
+
+	This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+	modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
+	as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
+	of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+
+	See file ../COPYING for further informations on licensing terms.
+
+	This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+	but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+	MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+	GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+	You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+	along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+	Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
+=end
+
+#  <matju> alx1: in puredata.rb, just after the header, you have a %w() block,
+#  and in it you write the name of your object, and if your helpfile is not
+#  named like your object, then you add an equal sign and the filename
+
+#!@#$ DON'T PUT ABSTRACTIONS IN THE %w() !!!
+# @mouse=help_mouse @motion_detection=help_motion_detect @fade=help_fade
+# @apply_colormap_channelwise @checkers @complex_sq @contrast
+# @posterize @ravel @greyscale_to_rgb @rgb_to_greyscale @solarize @spread
+#rgb_to_yuv=#rgb_to_yuv_and_#yuv_to_rgb
+#yuv_to_rgb=#rgb_to_yuv_and_#yuv_to_rgb
+#clip #contrast #fade #numop #remap_image
+
+# NEW help files
+#!@#$ (what's #+-help.pd ? #print-help2.pd ?)
+%w(
+	# #cast #dim #reverse
+	  #pack=#unpack-#pack
+	#unpack=#unpack-#pack
+	renamefile
+	#in plotter_control
+	listelement exec ls #print unix_time
+).each {|name|
+	if name =~ /=/ then name,file = name.split(/=/) else file = name end
+	begin
+		x = GridFlow.fclasses[name]
+		x.set_help "gridflow/flow_classes/#{file}-help.pd"
+	rescue Exception => e
+		GridFlow.post "for [#{name}], #{e.class}: #{e}" # + ":\n" + e.backtrace.join("\n")
+	end
+}
+
+# OLD help files
+%w(
+	@cast
+	@convolve @downscale_by @draw_polygon @export=@importexport
+	@finished @fold @for @global @grade
+	@import=@importexport @inner=@foldinnerouter
+	@in=@inout @join @layer @outer=@foldinnerouter @out=@inout
+	@! @perspective printargs @print @redim
+	rubyprint @scale_by @scale_to @scan
+	@store
+).each {|name|
+	if name =~ /=/ then name,file = name.split(/=/) else file = name end
+	begin
+		GridFlow.fclasses[name].set_help "gridflow/#{file}.pd"
+	rescue Exception => e
+		GridFlow.post "ruby #{e.class}: #{e}:\n" + e.backtrace.join("\n")
+	end
+}
+
+#GridFlow.gui "frame .controls.gridflow -relief ridge -borderwidth 2\n"
+#GridFlow.gui "button .controls.gridflow.button -text FOO\n"
+#GridFlow.gui "pack .controls.gridflow.button -side left\n"
+#GridFlow.gui "pack .controls.gridflow -side right\n"
+
+GridFlow.gui %q{
+
+if {[catch {
+	# pd 0.37
+	menu .mbar.gridflow -tearoff $pd_tearoff
+	.mbar add cascade -label "GridFlow" -menu .mbar.gridflow
+	set gfmenu .mbar.gridflow
+}]} {
+	# pd 0.36
+	###the problem is that GridFlow.bind requires 0.37
+}
+catch {
+$gfmenu add command -label "profiler_dump"  -command {pd "gridflow profiler_dump;"}
+$gfmenu add command -label "profiler_reset" -command {pd "gridflow profiler_reset;"}
+$gfmenu add command -label "formats"        -command {pd "gridflow formats;"}
+}
+
+if {[string length [info command post]] == 0} {
+	proc post {x} {puts $x}
+}
+
+# if not running Impd:
+if {[string length [info command listener_new]] == 0} {
+# start of part duplicated from Impd
+proc listener_new {self name} {
+	global _
+	set _($self:hist) {}
+	set _($self:histi) 0
+	frame $self
+	label $self.label -text "$name: "
+	entry $self.entry -width 40
+#	entry $self.count -width 5
+	pack $self.label -side left
+	pack $self.entry -side left -fill x -expand yes
+#	pack $self.count -side left
+	pack $self -fill x -expand no
+	bind $self.entry <Up>     "listener_up   $self"
+	bind $self.entry <Down>   "listener_down $self"
+}
+
+proc listener_up {self} {
+	global _
+	if {$_($self:histi) > 0} {set _($self:histi) [expr -1+$_($self:histi)]}
+	$self.entry delete 0 end
+	$self.entry insert 0 [lindex $_($self:hist) $_($self:histi)]
+	$self.entry icursor end
+#	$self.count delete 0 end
+#	$self.count insert 0 "$_($self:histi)/[llength $_($self:hist)]"
+}
+
+proc listener_down {self} {
+	global _
+	if {$_($self:histi) < [llength $_($self:hist)]} {incr _($self:histi)}
+	$self.entry delete 0 end
+	$self.entry insert 0 [lindex $_($self:hist) $_($self:histi)]
+	$self.entry icursor end
+#	$self.count delete 0 end
+#	$self.count insert 0 "$_($self:histi)/[llength $_($self:hist)]"
+}
+
+proc listener_append {self v} {
+	global _
+	lappend _($self:hist) $v
+	set _($self:histi) [llength $_($self:hist)]
+}
+
+proc tcl_eval {} {
+	set l [.tcl.entry get]
+	post "tcl: $l"
+	post "returns: [eval $l]"
+	listener_append .tcl [.tcl.entry get]
+	.tcl.entry delete 0 end
+
+}
+if {[catch {
+	listener_new .tcl "Tcl"
+	bind .tcl.entry <Return> {tcl_eval}
+}]} {
+	listener_new .tcl "Tcl" {tcl_eval}
+}
+
+
+}
+# end of part duplicated from Impd
+
+proc ruby_eval {} {
+	set l {}
+	foreach c [split [.ruby.entry get] ""] {lappend l [scan $c %c]}
+	pd "gridflow eval $l;"
+	listener_append .ruby [.ruby.entry get]
+	.ruby.entry delete 0 end
+}
+
+if {[catch {
+	listener_new .ruby "Ruby"
+	bind .ruby.entry <Return> {ruby_eval}
+}]} {
+	listener_new .ruby "Ruby" {ruby_eval}
+}
+
+} # GridFlow.gui
+
+if false
+GridFlow.gui %q{
+catch {
+	if {[file exists ${pd_guidir}/lib/gridflow/icons/peephole.gif]} {
+		global pd_guidir
+		image create photo icon_peephole -file ${pd_guidir}/lib/gridflow/icons/peephole.gif
+		global butt
+		button_bar_add peephole {guiext peephole}
+	} {
+		puts $stderr GAAAH
+	}
+}
+} # GridFlow.gui
+end
diff --git a/externals/gridflow/cpu/mmx.rb b/externals/gridflow/cpu/mmx.rb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1a3b15d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/externals/gridflow/cpu/mmx.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,225 @@
+=begin
+	$Id: mmx.rb,v 1.1 2005-10-04 02:02:14 matju Exp $
+
+	GridFlow
+	Copyright (c) 2001,2002,2003,2004 by Mathieu Bouchard
+
+	This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+	modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
+	as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
+	of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+
+	See file ../COPYING for further informations on licensing terms.
+
+	This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+	but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+	MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+	GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+	You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+	along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+	Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
+=end
+
+STDOUT.reopen ARGV[0], "w"
+$loader = File.open ARGV[1], "w"
+$count = 0
+$lines = 0
+
+puts "; generated by/for GridFlow 0.8.0"
+$loader.puts "#include \"../base/grid.h.fcs\"\nextern \"C\" {"
+
+# this class is not really used yet (only self.make)
+class AsmFunction
+	def initialize(name)
+		@name = name
+		@label_count = 1
+	end
+	def self.make(name)
+		puts "", "GLOBAL #{name}", "#{name}:"
+		puts "push ebp", "mov ebp,esp", "push esi", "push edi"
+		yield AsmFunction.new(name)
+		puts "pop edi", "pop esi", "leave", "ret", ""
+	end
+	def make_until(*ops)
+		a = @label_count
+		b = @label_count+1
+		@label_count+=2
+		ops[-1]<<" #{@name}_#{b}"
+		puts "#{@name}_#{a}: ", *ops
+		yield
+		puts "jmp #{@name}_#{a}"
+		puts "#{@name}_#{b}:"
+	end
+end
+
+$sizeof = {
+	:uint8 => 1,
+	:int16 => 2,
+	:int32 => 4,
+	:int64 => 8,
+	:float32 => 4,
+	:float64 => 8,
+}
+
+$accum = {
+	:uint8 => "al",
+	:int16 => "ax",
+	:int32 => "eax",
+}
+
+$asm_type = {
+	:uint8 => "byte",
+	:int16 => "word",
+	:int32 => "dword",
+	:int64 => "qword",
+}
+
+# in the following, the opcode "_" means no such thing seems available.
+# also >> for x86 ought to be shr in the uint8 case.
+# btw, i got all of the MMX information from the NASM manual, Appendix B.
+$opcodes = {
+#                     [--GF--|--x86--|--mmx-et-al----------------------------------------]
+#                     [      |       |-uint8-|-int16-|-int32-|-int64-|-float32-|-float64-]
+	:add     => %w[ +      add    paddb   paddw   paddd   paddq                      ],
+	:sub     => %w[ -      sub    psubb   psubw   psubd   psubq                      ],
+	:and     => %w[ &      and    pand    pand    pand    pand                       ],
+	:xor     => %w[ ^      xor    pxor    pxor    pxor    pxor                       ],
+	:or      => %w[ |      or     por     por     por     por                        ],
+#	:max     => %w[ max    _      pmaxub  pmaxsw  _       _                          ], # not plain MMX !!! (req.Katmai)
+#	:min     => %w[ min    _      pminub  pminsw  _       _                          ], # not plain MMX !!! (req.Katmai)
+#	:eq      => %w[ ==     _      pcmpeqb pcmpeqw pcmpeqd _                          ],
+#	:gt      => %w[ >      _      pcmpgtb pcmpgtw pcmpgtd _                          ],
+#	:shl     => %w[ <<     shl    _       psllw   pslld   psllq                      ], # noncommutative
+#	:shr     => %w[ >>     sar    _       psraw   psrad   _                          ], # noncommutative
+#	:clipadd => %w[ clip+  _      paddusb paddsw  _       _                          ], # future use
+#	:clipsub => %w[ clip-  _      psubusb psubsw  _       _                          ], # future use
+#	:andnot  => %w[ &not   _      pandn   pandn   pandn   pandn                      ], # not planned
+}
+
+$opcodes.each {|k,op|
+	op.map! {|x| if x=="_" then nil else x end }
+	STDERR.puts op.inspect
+}
+
+$decls = ""
+$install = ""
+
+def make_fun_map(op,type)
+	s="mmx_#{type}_map_#{op}"
+	size = $sizeof[type]
+	accum = $accum[type]
+	sym = $opcodes[op][0]
+	opcode = $opcodes[op][1]
+	mopcode = $opcodes[op][size+(size<4 ? 1 : 0)]
+	return if not mopcode
+	AsmFunction.make(s) {|a|
+		puts "mov ecx,[ebp+8]", "mov esi,[ebp+12]", "mov eax,[ebp+16]"
+		puts "mov dx,ax", "shl eax,8", "mov al,dl" if size==1
+		puts "mov edx,eax", "shl eax,16", "mov ax,dx" if size<=2
+		puts "push eax", "push eax", "movq mm7,[esp]", "add esp,8"
+		foo = proc {|n|
+			a.make_until("cmp ecx,#{8/size*n}","jb near") {
+				0.step(n,4) {|k|
+				nn=[n-k,4].min
+				o=(0..3).map{|x| 8*(x+k) }
+				for i in 0...nn do puts "movq mm#{i},[esi+#{o[i]}]" end
+				for i in 0...nn do puts "#{mopcode} mm#{i},mm7" end
+				for i in 0...nn do puts "movq [esi+#{o[i]}],mm#{i}" end
+				}
+				puts "lea esi,[esi+#{8*n}]", "lea ecx,[ecx-#{8/size*n}]"
+			}
+		}
+		foo.call 4
+		foo.call 1
+		a.make_until("test ecx,ecx", "jz") {
+			puts "#{opcode} #{$asm_type[type]} [esi],#{accum}", "lea esi,[esi+#{size}]"
+			puts "dec ecx"
+		}
+		puts "emms"
+	}
+	$decls << "void #{s}(int,#{type}*,#{type});\n"
+	$install << "FIX2PTR(Numop,rb_hash_aref(op_dict,SYM(#{sym})))"
+	$install << "->on_#{type}.op_map = #{s};\n"
+	$count += 1
+end
+
+def make_fun_zip(op,type)
+s="mmx_#{type}_zip_#{op}"
+	size = $sizeof[type]
+	accum = $accum[type]
+	sym = $opcodes[op][0]
+	opcode = $opcodes[op][1]
+	mopcode = $opcodes[op][size+(size<4 ? 1 : 0)]
+	return if not mopcode
+	AsmFunction.make(s) {|a|
+		puts "mov ecx,[ebp+8]",  "mov edi,[ebp+12]",
+		     "mov esi,[ebp+16]"#, "mov ebx,[ebp+20]"
+		foo = proc {|n|
+			a.make_until("cmp ecx,#{8/size*n}","jb near") {
+				0.step(n,4) {|k|
+				nn=[n-k,4].min
+				o=(0..3).map{|x| 8*(x+k) }
+				for i in 0...nn do puts "movq mm#{i},[edi+#{o[i]}]" end
+				for i in 0...nn do puts "movq mm#{i+4},[esi+#{o[i]}]" end
+				for i in 0...nn do puts "#{mopcode} mm#{i},mm#{i+4}" end
+				for i in 0...nn do puts "movq [edi+#{o[i]}],mm#{i}" end
+				}
+				#for i in 0...n do puts "movq [ebx+#{8*i}],mm#{i}" end
+				puts "lea edi,[edi+#{8*n}]"
+				puts "lea esi,[esi+#{8*n}]"
+				#puts "lea ebx,[ebx+#{8*n}]"
+				puts "lea ecx,[ecx-#{8/size*n}]"
+			}
+		}
+		foo.call 4
+		foo.call 1
+		a.make_until("test ecx,ecx", "jz") {
+			# requires commutativity ??? fails with shl, shr
+			puts "mov #{accum},[esi]"
+			puts "#{opcode} #{$asm_type[type]} [edi],#{accum}"
+			#puts "mov #{accum},[edi]"
+			#puts "#{opcode} #{accum},[esi]"
+			#puts "mov [ebx],#{accum}"
+			puts "lea edi,[edi+#{size}]"
+			puts "lea esi,[esi+#{size}]"
+			#puts "lea ebx,[ebx+#{size}]"
+			puts "dec ecx"
+		}
+		puts "emms"
+	}
+	#$decls << "void #{s}(int,#{type}*,#{type}*,#{type}*);\n"
+	$decls << "void #{s}(int,#{type}*,#{type}*);\n"
+	$install << "FIX2PTR(Numop,rb_hash_aref(op_dict,SYM(#{sym})))"
+	$install << "->on_#{type}.op_zip = #{s};\n"
+	$count += 1
+end
+
+for op in $opcodes.keys do
+	for type in [:uint8, :int16#, :int32
+	] do
+		make_fun_map(op,type)
+		make_fun_zip(op,type)
+	end
+end
+
+$loader.puts $decls
+$loader.puts %`
+}; /* extern */
+#include <stdlib.h>
+void startup_mmx_loader () {/*bogus*/}
+void startup_mmx () {
+	if (getenv("NO_MMX")) return;
+	if (EVAL(\"GridFlow.bridge_name\")!=Qnil) gfpost(\"startup_cpu: using MMX optimisations\");
+	#{$install}
+}`
+
+STDERR.puts "automatically generated #{$count} MMX asm functions"
+
+=begin notes:
+CPUID has a bit for detecting MMX
+PACKSSDW PACKSSWB PACKUSWB = saturation-casting
+PCMPxx: Compare Packed Integers
+PMULHW, PMULLW: Multiply Packed _unsigned_ 16-bit Integers, and Store
+PUNPCKxxx: Unpack and Interleave Data
+=end
diff --git a/externals/gridflow/devices4ruby/ParallelPort.rb b/externals/gridflow/devices4ruby/ParallelPort.rb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..10188592
--- /dev/null
+++ b/externals/gridflow/devices4ruby/ParallelPort.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+require "linux/ioctl"
+# Copyright (c) 2001, 2003 by Mathieu Bouchard
+# this is published under the Ruby license
+
+=begin
+  if using a DB-25 female connector as found on a PC,
+  then the pin numbering is like:
+  13 _____ 1
+  25 \___/ 14
+
+  1 = STROBE = the clock line is a square wave, often at 9600 Hz,
+      which determines the data rate in usual circumstances.
+  2..9 = D0..D7 = the eight ordinary data bits
+  10 = -ACK (status bit 6 ?)
+  11 = BUSY (status bit 7)
+  12 = PAPER_END (status bit 5)
+  13 = SELECT (status bit 4 ?)
+  14 = -AUTOFD
+  15 = -ERROR (status bit 3 ?)
+  16 = -INIT
+  17 = -SELECT_IN
+  18..25 = GROUND
+=end
+
+module Linux; module ParallelPort
+	extend IoctlClass
+
+	@port_flags = %w[
+	LP_EXIST
+	LP_SELEC
+	LP_BUSY
+	LP_OFFL
+	LP_NOPA
+	LP_ERR
+	LP_ABORT
+	LP_CAREFUL
+	LP_ABORTOPEN
+	LP_TRUST_IRQ
+	]
+
+	@port_status = %w[
+		nil,
+		nil,
+		nil,
+		LP_PERRORP  # unchanged input, active low
+		LP_PSELECD  # unchanged input, active high
+		LP_POUTPA   # unchanged input, active high
+		LP_PACK     # unchanged input, active low
+		LP_PBUSY    # inverted input, active high
+	]
+
+	LPCHAR = 0x0601
+	LPTIME = 0x0602
+	LPABORT = 0x0604
+	LPSETIRQ = 0x0605
+	LPGETIRQ = 0x0606
+	LPWAIT = 0x0608
+	LPCAREFUL = 0x0609 # obsoleted??? wtf?
+	LPABORTOPEN = 0x060a
+	LPGETSTATUS = 0x060b # return LP_S(minor)
+	LPRESET = 0x060c # reset printer
+	LPGETSTATS = 0x060d # struct lp_stats (most likely turned off)
+	LPGETFLAGS = 0x060e # get status flags
+	LPTRUSTIRQ = 0x060f # set/unset the LP_TRUST_IRQ flag
+
+	ioctl_reader :port_flags , :LPGETFLAGS
+	ioctl_reader :port_status, :LPGETSTATUS
+	ioctl_writer :port_careful,:LPCAREFUL
+	ioctl_writer :port_char,   :LPCHAR
+
+end end
+
diff --git a/externals/gridflow/devices4ruby/SoundMixer.rb b/externals/gridflow/devices4ruby/SoundMixer.rb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0ae50b60
--- /dev/null
+++ b/externals/gridflow/devices4ruby/SoundMixer.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+require "linux/ioctl"
+
+module Linux; module SoundMixer
+	extend IoctlClass
+
+	MIXER_NRDEVICES    = 0x00000019
+	MIXER_VOLUME       = 0x00000000
+	MIXER_BASS         = 0x00000001
+	MIXER_TREBLE       = 0x00000002
+	MIXER_SYNTH        = 0x00000003
+	MIXER_PCM          = 0x00000004
+	MIXER_SPEAKER      = 0x00000005
+	MIXER_LINE         = 0x00000006
+	MIXER_MIC          = 0x00000007
+	MIXER_CD           = 0x00000008
+	MIXER_IMIX         = 0x00000009
+	MIXER_ALTPCM       = 0x0000000a
+	MIXER_RECLEV       = 0x0000000b
+	MIXER_IGAIN        = 0x0000000c
+	MIXER_OGAIN        = 0x0000000d
+	MIXER_LINE1        = 0x0000000e
+	MIXER_LINE2        = 0x0000000f
+	MIXER_LINE3        = 0x00000010
+	MIXER_DIGITAL1     = 0x00000011
+	MIXER_DIGITAL2     = 0x00000012
+	MIXER_DIGITAL3     = 0x00000013
+	MIXER_PHONEIN      = 0x00000014
+	MIXER_PHONEOUT     = 0x00000015
+	MIXER_VIDEO        = 0x00000016
+	MIXER_RADIO        = 0x00000017
+	MIXER_MONITOR      = 0x00000018
+	ONOFF_MIN          = 0x0000001c
+	ONOFF_MAX          = 0x0000001e
+	MIXER_NONE         = 0x0000001f
+	MIXER_ENHANCE      = 0x0000001f
+	MIXER_MUTE         = 0x0000001f
+	MIXER_LOUD         = 0x0000001f
+	MIXER_RECSRC       = 0x000000ff
+	MIXER_DEVMASK      = 0x000000fe
+	MIXER_RECMASK      = 0x000000fd
+	MIXER_CAPS         = 0x000000fc
+	MIXER_STEREODEVS   = 0x000000fb
+	MIXER_OUTSRC       = 0x000000fa
+	MIXER_OUTMASK      = 0x000000f9
+	MASK_VOLUME        = 0x00000001
+	MASK_BASS          = 0x00000002
+	MASK_TREBLE        = 0x00000004
+	MASK_SYNTH         = 0x00000008
+	MASK_PCM           = 0x00000010
+	MASK_SPEAKER       = 0x00000020
+	MASK_LINE          = 0x00000040
+	MASK_MIC           = 0x00000080
+	MASK_CD            = 0x00000100
+	MASK_IMIX          = 0x00000200
+	MASK_ALTPCM        = 0x00000400
+	MASK_RECLEV        = 0x00000800
+	MASK_IGAIN         = 0x00001000
+	MASK_OGAIN         = 0x00002000
+	MASK_LINE1         = 0x00004000
+	MASK_LINE2         = 0x00008000
+	MASK_LINE3         = 0x00010000
+	MASK_DIGITAL1      = 0x00020000
+	MASK_DIGITAL2      = 0x00040000
+	MASK_DIGITAL3      = 0x00080000
+	MASK_PHONEIN       = 0x00100000
+	MASK_PHONEOUT      = 0x00200000
+	MASK_RADIO         = 0x00800000
+	MASK_VIDEO         = 0x00400000
+	MASK_MONITOR       = 0x01000000
+	MASK_MUTE          = 0x80000000
+	MASK_ENHANCE       = 0x80000000
+	MASK_LOUD          = 0x80000000
+	MIXER_READ_VOLUME  = 0x80044d00
+	MIXER_READ_BASS    = 0x80044d01
+	MIXER_READ_TREBLE  = 0x80044d02
+	MIXER_READ_SYNTH   = 0x80044d03
+	MIXER_READ_PCM     = 0x80044d04
+	MIXER_READ_SPEAKER = 0x80044d05
+	MIXER_READ_LINE    = 0x80044d06
+	MIXER_READ_MIC     = 0x80044d07
+	MIXER_READ_CD      = 0x80044d08
+	MIXER_READ_IMIX    = 0x80044d09
+	MIXER_READ_ALTPCM  = 0x80044d0a
+	MIXER_READ_RECLEV  = 0x80044d0b
+	MIXER_READ_IGAIN   = 0x80044d0c
+	MIXER_READ_OGAIN   = 0x80044d0d
+	MIXER_READ_LINE1   = 0x80044d0e
+	MIXER_READ_LINE2   = 0x80044d0f
+	MIXER_READ_LINE3   = 0x80044d10
+	MIXER_READ_MUTE    = 0x80044d1f
+	MIXER_READ_ENHANCE = 0x80044d1f
+	MIXER_READ_LOUD    = 0x80044d1f
+	MIXER_READ_RECSRC  = 0x80044dff
+	MIXER_READ_DEVMASK = 0x80044dfe
+	MIXER_READ_RECMASK = 0x80044dfd
+	MIXER_READ_STEREODEVS = 0x80044dfb
+	MIXER_READ_CAPS    = 0x80044dfc
+	MIXER_WRITE_VOLUME = 0xc0044d00
+	MIXER_WRITE_BASS   = 0xc0044d01
+	MIXER_WRITE_TREBLE = 0xc0044d02
+	MIXER_WRITE_SYNTH  = 0xc0044d03
+	MIXER_WRITE_PCM    = 0xc0044d04
+	MIXER_WRITE_SPEAKER = 0xc0044d05
+	MIXER_WRITE_LINE   = 0xc0044d06
+	MIXER_WRITE_MIC    = 0xc0044d07
+	MIXER_WRITE_CD     = 0xc0044d08
+	MIXER_WRITE_IMIX   = 0xc0044d09
+	MIXER_WRITE_ALTPCM = 0xc0044d0a
+	MIXER_WRITE_RECLEV = 0xc0044d0b
+	MIXER_WRITE_IGAIN  = 0xc0044d0c
+	MIXER_WRITE_OGAIN  = 0xc0044d0d
+	MIXER_WRITE_LINE1  = 0xc0044d0e
+	MIXER_WRITE_LINE2  = 0xc0044d0f
+	MIXER_WRITE_LINE3  = 0xc0044d10
+	MIXER_WRITE_MUTE   = 0xc0044d1f
+	MIXER_WRITE_ENHANCE = 0xc0044d1f
+	MIXER_WRITE_LOUD   = 0xc0044d1f
+	MIXER_WRITE_RECSRC = 0xc0044dff
+	MIXER_INFO         = 0x805c4d65
+	MIXER_ACCESS       = 0xc0804d66
+	MIXER_AGC          = 0xc0044d67
+	MIXER_3DSE         = 0xc0044d68
+	MIXER_PRIVATE1     = 0xc0044d6f
+	MIXER_PRIVATE2     = 0xc0044d70
+	MIXER_PRIVATE3     = 0xc0044d71
+	MIXER_PRIVATE4     = 0xc0044d72
+	MIXER_PRIVATE5     = 0xc0044d73
+	MIXER_GETLEVELS    = 0xc0a44d74
+	MIXER_SETLEVELS    = 0xc0a44d75
+
+	DEVICE_LABELS = [
+		"Vol ", "Bass ", "Trebl", "Synth", "Pcm ",
+		"Spkr ","Line ", "Mic ",  "CD ",   "Mix ",
+		"Pcm2 ","Rec ",  "IGain", "OGain",
+		"Line1", "Line2", "Line3", "Digital1", "Digital2", "Digital3",
+		"PhoneIn", "PhoneOut", "Video", "Radio", "Monitor"
+	]
+
+	DEVICE_NAMES = [
+		"vol", "bass", "treble", "synth", "pcm", "speaker", "line",
+		"mic", "cd", "mix", "pcm2", "rec", "igain", "ogain",
+		"line1", "line2", "line3", "dig1", "dig2", "dig3",
+		"phin", "phout", "video", "radio", "monitor"
+	]
+
+	DEVICE_NAMES.each_with_index {|name,i|
+		ioctl_accessor name,
+			MIXER_READ_VOLUME+i,
+			MIXER_WRITE_VOLUME+i
+	}
+
+end end
diff --git a/externals/gridflow/devices4ruby/SoundPCM.rb b/externals/gridflow/devices4ruby/SoundPCM.rb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d1b97159
--- /dev/null
+++ b/externals/gridflow/devices4ruby/SoundPCM.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+# $Id: SoundPCM.rb,v 1.1 2005-10-04 02:02:14 matju Exp $
+require "linux/ioctl"
+
+module Linux
+
+module SoundPCM
+	extend IoctlClass
+
+	# SNDCTL Kernel Procedure Numbers
+
+	SEQ_RESET         = 0x00005100
+	SEQ_SYNC          = 0x00005101
+	SEQ_CTRLRATE      = 0xc0045103
+	SEQ_GETOUTCOUNT   = 0x80045104
+	SEQ_GETINCOUNT    = 0x80045105
+	SEQ_PERCMODE      = 0x40045106
+	SEQ_TESTMIDI      = 0x40045108
+	SEQ_RESETSAMPLES  = 0x40045109
+	SEQ_NRSYNTHS      = 0x8004510a
+	SEQ_NRMIDIS       = 0x8004510b
+	SEQ_THRESHOLD     = 0x4004510d
+	SEQ_PANIC         = 0x00005111
+	SEQ_OUTOFBAND     = 0x40085112
+	SEQ_GETTIME       = 0x80045113
+
+	SYNTH_INFO        = 0xc08c5102
+	SYNTH_MEMAVL      = 0xc004510e
+	SYNTH_ID          = 0xc08c5114
+	SYNTH_CONTROL     = 0xcfa45115
+	SYNTH_REMOVESAMPLE = 0xc00c5116
+
+	FM_LOAD_INSTR     = 0x40285107
+	FM_4OP_ENABLE     = 0x4004510f
+
+	TMR_TIMEBASE      = 0xc0045401
+	TMR_START         = 0x00005402
+	TMR_STOP          = 0x00005403
+	TMR_CONTINUE      = 0x00005404
+	TMR_TEMPO         = 0xc0045405
+	TMR_SOURCE        = 0xc0045406
+	TMR_METRONOME     = 0x40045407
+	TMR_SELECT        = 0x40045408
+
+	MIDI_INFO         = 0xc074510c
+	MIDI_PRETIME      = 0xc0046d00
+	MIDI_MPUMODE      = 0xc0046d01
+	MIDI_MPUCMD       = 0xc0216d02
+
+	# DSP_* names are obsolete ?
+	DSP_STEREO        = 0xc0045003
+	DSP_GETBLKSIZE    = 0xc0045004
+	DSP_SETDUPLEX     = 0x00005016
+	DSP_GETODELAY     = 0x80045017
+	DSP_PROFILE       = 0x40045017
+
+	# what is this?
+	COPR_RESET        = 0x00004300
+	COPR_LOAD         = 0xcfb04301
+	COPR_RDATA        = 0xc0144302
+	COPR_RCODE        = 0xc0144303
+	COPR_WDATA        = 0x40144304
+	COPR_WCODE        = 0x40144305
+	COPR_RUN          = 0xc0144306
+	COPR_HALT         = 0xc0144307
+	COPR_SENDMSG      = 0xcfa44308
+	COPR_RCVMSG       = 0x8fa44309
+
+	# SOUND_PCM Kernel Procedure Numbers
+
+	PCM_READ_BITS     , PCM_WRITE_BITS     = 0x80045005, 0xc0045005
+	PCM_READ_CHANNELS , PCM_WRITE_CHANNELS = 0x80045006, 0xc0045006
+	PCM_READ_FILTER   , PCM_WRITE_FILTER   = 0x80045007, 0xc0045007
+	PCM_READ_RATE     , PCM_WRITE_RATE     = 0x80045002, 0xc0045002
+
+	PCM_RESET          = 0x00005000
+	PCM_SYNC           = 0x00005001
+	PCM_POST           = 0x00005008
+	PCM_SUBDIVIDE      = 0xc0045009
+	PCM_SETFRAGMENT    = 0xc004500a
+	PCM_GETFMTS        = 0x8004500b
+	PCM_SETFMT         = 0xc0045005
+	PCM_GETOSPACE      = 0x8010500c
+	PCM_GETISPACE      = 0x8010500d
+	PCM_NONBLOCK       = 0x0000500e
+	PCM_GETCAPS        = 0x8004500f
+	PCM_GETTRIGGER    , PCM_SETTRIGGER     = 0x80045010, 0x40045010
+	PCM_SETSYNCRO      = 0x00005015
+	PCM_GETIPTR        = 0x800c5011
+	PCM_GETOPTR        = 0x800c5012
+	PCM_MAPINBUF       = 0x80085013
+	PCM_MAPOUTBUF      = 0x80085014
+
+	ioctl_accessor :bits    , :PCM_READ_BITS    , :PCM_WRITE_BITS
+	ioctl_accessor :channels, :PCM_READ_CHANNELS, :PCM_WRITE_CHANNELS
+	ioctl_accessor :filter  , :PCM_READ_FILTER  , :PCM_WRITE_FILTER
+	ioctl_accessor :rate    , :PCM_READ_RATE    , :PCM_WRITE_RATE
+end
+
+# backward compatibility
+SoundDSP = SoundPCM
+
+end # Linux
diff --git a/externals/gridflow/devices4ruby/extconf.rb b/externals/gridflow/devices4ruby/extconf.rb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9e49cbdc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/externals/gridflow/devices4ruby/extconf.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env ruby
+# $Id: extconf.rb,v 1.1 2005-10-04 02:02:14 matju Exp $
+# installer for RubyX11 / MetaRuby / etc
+# by Mathieu Bouchard
+
+require "rbconfig"
+require "ftools"
+include Config
+
+$DESTDIR = "#{CONFIG["sitedir"]}/#{CONFIG["MAJOR"]}.#{CONFIG["MINOR"]}"
+#$DESTDIR = "/home/matju/lib/ruby/#{RUBY_VERSION[0,3]}"
+$RUBY = "ruby"
+
+while ARGV.length>0
+  arg=ARGV.shift
+  case arg
+  when /=/
+    i=arg.index '='
+    ARGV.unshift arg[0..i-1], arg[i+1..-1]
+  when "--prefix"
+    $DESTDIR = ARGV.shift + "/lib/ruby/#{CONFIG["MAJOR"]}.#{CONFIG["MINOR"]}"
+  end
+end
+
+
+
+def install_files(f,base,entries)
+  entries.each {|type,name,*rest|
+    case type
+    when :ruby
+      f.puts "\tinstall -m644 #{base+name} $(DESTDIR)/#{base+name}"
+    when :directory
+      f.puts "\t@mkdir $(DESTDIR)/#{base+name} || true"
+      install_files(f,base+name,rest) 
+    end
+  }
+end
+
+def uninstall_files(f,base,entries)
+  entries.each {|type,name,*rest|
+    case type
+    when :ruby
+      f.puts "\trm $(DESTDIR)/#{base+name}"
+    when :directory
+      uninstall_files(f,base+name,rest) 
+    end
+  }
+end
+
+def make_makefile
+  File.open("Makefile","w") {|f|
+    f.puts "# Warning: this file is GENERATED by ./extconf.rb", ""
+    f.puts "DESTDIR = #{$DESTDIR}", ""
+    f.puts "RUBY = #{$RUBY}"
+    f.puts "all::", ""
+    f.puts "Makefile: extconf.rb"
+    f.puts "\t$(RUBY) extconf.rb", ""
+
+    f.puts "install::"
+    f.puts "\t@mkdir -p $(DESTDIR)"
+    install_files(f,"",FILES)
+    f.puts
+    f.puts "uninstall::"
+    uninstall_files(f,"",FILES)
+    f.puts
+  }
+  #FILES.each {|name|
+  #  File.install "lib/#{name}", "#{DSTPATH}/#{name}", 0644, true   
+  #end
+end
+
+#----------------------------------------------------------------#
+
+$DESTDIR += "/linux/" #(HACK!)
+
+FILES = [
+#  [:directory, "linux/",
+    [:ruby, "ioctl.rb"],
+    [:ruby, "SoundPCM.rb"],
+    [:ruby, "ParallelPort.rb"],
+    [:ruby, "SoundMixer.rb"],
+#  ]
+]
+
+make_makefile
+
+
+__END__
+### the following is discarded (just a test)
+
+require "mkmf"
+
+srcs = %w(
+	termios
+)
+
+#have_library("m")
+#have_func("sincos")
+#have_func("asinh")
+
+#if have_header("fftw.h")
+#  if have_library("fftw", "fftwnd_create_plan")
+#    srcs.push "na_fftw"
+#  else
+#    $defs.delete "-DHAVE_FFTW_H"
+#  end
+#end
+
+$objs = srcs.map {|i| i+".o"}
+
+#dir_config("linux")
+create_makefile("linux")
diff --git a/externals/gridflow/devices4ruby/ioctl.rb b/externals/gridflow/devices4ruby/ioctl.rb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..100d138d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/externals/gridflow/devices4ruby/ioctl.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+# general-purpose code for performing
+# less-than-trivial IOCTL operations.
+# note that this is quite hackish
+# but is still better than writing actual C code.
+
+module Linux; DEVICES_VERSION = "0.1.1"; end
+
+module IoctlClass
+	def ioctl_reader(sym,cmd_in)
+		module_eval %{def #{sym}
+			ioctl_intp_in(#{cmd_in})
+		end}
+	end
+	def ioctl_writer(sym,cmd_out)
+		module_eval %{def #{sym}=(v)
+			ioctl_intp_out(#{cmd_out},v)
+			#{sym} if respond_to? :#{sym}
+		end}
+	end
+	def ioctl_accessor(sym,cmd_in,cmd_out)
+		ioctl_reader(sym,cmd_in)
+		ioctl_writer(sym,cmd_out)
+	end
+end
+
+module Ioctl
+	# this method is not used anymore
+	def int_from_4(foo)
+		# if it crashes, just insert foo=foo.reverse here.
+		(foo[0]+0x100*foo[1])+0x10000*(foo[2]+0x100*foo[3])
+	end
+
+# this was a big hack (from hell) that i used until I actually
+# learned the other feature of ioctl().
+=begin
+	def ioctl_intp_out(arg1,arg2)
+		tmp = arg2 + 2**32
+		foo = [2*tmp.id + 16].pack("l").unpack("P4")[0]
+		tmp_ptr = int_from_4(foo)
+#		STDOUT.printf "tmp_ptr=%x\n", tmp_ptr
+		ioctl(arg1,tmp_ptr)
+	end
+
+	def ioctl_intp_in(arg1)
+		tmp = 0xdeadbeef + 2**32
+		foo = [2*tmp.id + 16].pack("l").unpack("P4")[0]
+		tmp_ptr = int_from_4(foo)
+#		tmp_ptr = foo.unpack("l")[0]
+#		STDOUT.printf "tmp_ptr=%x\n", tmp_ptr
+		ioctl(arg1,tmp_ptr)
+		tmp & (2**32-1)
+	end
+=end
+
+	def ioctl_intp_out(arg1,arg2)
+		ioctl(arg1,[arg2].pack("l"))
+	end
+
+	def ioctl_intp_in(arg1)
+		ioctl(arg1,s="blah")
+		return s.unpack("l")[0]
+	end
+
+end
+
+class IO; include Ioctl; end
diff --git a/externals/gridflow/doc/moulinette.rb b/externals/gridflow/doc/moulinette.rb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..03dbfa86
--- /dev/null
+++ b/externals/gridflow/doc/moulinette.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,612 @@
+=begin
+	$Id: moulinette.rb,v 1.1 2005-10-04 02:02:14 matju Exp $
+	convert GridFlow Documentation XML to HTML with special formatting.
+
+	GridFlow
+	Copyright (c) 2001,2002,2003,2004,2005 by Mathieu Bouchard
+
+	This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+	modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
+	as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
+	of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+
+	See file ../../COPYING for further informations on licensing terms.
+
+	This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+	but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+	MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+	GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+	You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+	along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+	Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
+=end
+
+GF_VERSION = "0.8.0"
+
+#$use_rexml = true
+$use_rexml = false
+
+#require "gridflow"
+
+if $use_rexml
+	# this is a pure ruby xml-parser
+	begin
+		require "rexml/sax2parser"
+	rescue LoadError
+		require "rexml/parsers/sax2parser"
+		include REXML::Parsers
+	end
+	include REXML
+else
+	# this uses libexpat.so
+	require "xmlparser"
+end
+
+=begin todo
+
+	[ ] make it use the mk() function as much as possible.
+	[ ] make it validate
+	[ ] make it find the size of the pictures (and insert width/height attrs)
+	[ ] tune the output
+	[ ] fix the header of the page
+
+=end
+
+if nil
+	alias real_print print
+	alias real_puts  puts
+	def print(*x); real_print "[#{caller[0]}]"; real_print *x; end
+	def puts (*x); real_print "[#{caller[0]}]"; real_puts  *x; end
+end
+
+def warn(text)
+	STDERR.print "\e[1;031mWARNING:\e[0m "
+	STDERR.puts text
+end
+
+$escape_map={
+	"<" => "&lt;",
+	">" => "&gt;",
+	"&" => "&amp;",
+}
+
+# hackish transcoding from unicode to iso-8859-1
+def multicode(text); text.gsub(/\xc2(.)/) { $1 } end
+
+def html_quote(text)
+	return nil if not text
+	text = text.gsub(/[<>&]/) {|x| $escape_map[x] }
+	text = multicode(text) if /\xc2/ =~ text
+	text
+end
+
+def mk(tag,*values,&block)
+	raise "value-list's length must be even" if values.length % 2 != 0
+	print "<#{tag}"
+	i=0
+	while i<values.length
+		print " #{values[i]}=\"#{values[i+1]}\""
+		i+=2
+	end
+	print ">"
+	(block[]; mke tag) if block
+end
+def mke(tag)
+	print "</#{tag}>"
+end
+
+def mkimg(parent,alt=nil,prefix=nil)
+	#STDERR.puts parent.to_s
+	icon = parent.contents.find {|x| XNode===x and x.tag == 'icon' }
+	name = parent.att["name"]
+	url = prefix+"/"+name+"-icon.png"
+	if icon and icon.att["src"]
+		url = icon.att["src"]
+		STDERR.puts "overriding #{url} with #{icon.att["src"]}"
+	end
+	url = url.sub(/,.*$/,"") # what's this for again?
+	warn "icon #{url} not found" if not File.exist? url
+	url = url.gsub(%r"#") {|x| sprintf "%%%02x", x[0] }
+	alt = icon.att["text"] if icon and not alt
+	alt = "[#{name}]"
+	mk(:img, :src, url, :alt, alt, :border, 0)
+end
+
+class XString < String
+	def show
+		print html_quote(gsub(/[\r\n\t ]+$/," "))
+	end
+end
+
+module HasOwnLayout; end
+
+class XNode
+	# subclass interface:
+	#  #show_index : print as html in index
+	#  #show : print as html in main part of the doc
+
+	@valid_tags = {}
+	class<<self
+		attr_reader :valid_tags
+		def register(*args,&b)
+			qlass = (if b then Class.new self else self end)
+			qlass.class_eval(&b) if b
+			for k in args do XNode.valid_tags[k]=qlass end
+			#qlass.class_eval {
+			#	public :show
+			#	public :show_index
+			#}
+		end
+	end
+
+	def initialize tag, att, *contents
+		@tag,@att,@contents =
+		 tag, att, contents
+		contents.each {|c| c.parent = self if XNode===c }
+	end
+
+	attr_reader :tag, :att, :contents
+	attr_accessor :parent
+	def [] i; contents[i] end
+
+	def show_index
+		contents.each {|x| next unless XNode===x; x.show_index }
+	end
+
+	# this method segfaults in ruby 1.8
+	# because of method lookup on Qundef or whatever.
+	def show
+		#STDERR.puts GridFlow.get_id(contents)
+		#STDERR.puts self
+		contents.each {|x|
+			# STDERR.puts GridFlow.get_id(x)
+			x.show
+		}
+	end
+	def inspect; "#<XNode #{tag}>"; end
+	def to_s; inspect; end
+end
+
+XNode.register("documentation") {}
+
+XNode.register(*%w( icon help arg rest )) {public
+	def show; end
+}
+
+XNode.register("section") {public
+	def show
+		write_black_ruler
+		mk(:tr) { mk(:td,:colspan,4) {
+			mk(:a,:name,att["name"].gsub(/ /,'_')) {}
+			mk(:h4) { print att["name"] }}}
+		
+		contents.each {|x|
+			if HasOwnLayout===x then
+				x.show
+			else
+				mk(:tr) { mk(:td) {}; mk(:td) {}; mk(:td) { x.show }}
+				puts ""
+			end
+		}
+
+		mk(:tr) { mk(:td) { print "&nbsp;" }}
+		puts ""
+	end
+	def show_index
+		mk(:h4) {
+			mk(:a,:href,"#"+att["name"].gsub(/ /,'_')) {
+				print att["name"] }}
+		print "<ul>\n"
+		super
+		print "</ul>\n"
+	end
+}
+
+# basic text formatting nodes.
+XNode.register(*%w( p i u b sup )) {public
+	def show
+		print "<#{tag}>"
+		super
+		print "</#{tag}>"
+	end
+}
+
+XNode.register("k") {public
+	def show
+		print "<kbd><font color=\"#007777\">" # oughta be in stylesheet?
+		super
+		print "</font></kbd>"
+	end
+}
+
+# explicit hyperlink on the web.
+XNode.register("link") {public
+	def show
+		STDERR.puts "att = #{att.inspect}"
+		raise if not att['to']
+		print "<a href='#{att['to']}'>"
+		super
+		print att[:to] if contents.length==0
+		print "</a>"
+	end
+}
+
+XNode.register("list") {public
+	attr_accessor :counter
+	def show
+		self.counter = att.fetch("start"){"1"}.to_i
+		mk(:ul) {
+			super # method call on Qundef ???
+		}
+	end
+}
+
+XNode.register("li") {public
+	def show
+		mk(:li) {
+			print "<b>#{parent.counter}</b>", " : "
+			parent.counter += 1
+			super
+		}
+	end
+}
+
+# and "macro", "enum", "type", "use"
+XNode.register("class") {public
+	include HasOwnLayout
+	def show
+		tag = self.tag
+		name = att['name'] or raise
+		mk(:tr) {
+		  mk(:td,:colspan,4,:bgcolor,"#ffb080") {
+		    mk(:b) { print "&nbsp;"*2, "#{tag} " }
+		    mk(:a,:name,name) { print name }
+		  }
+		}
+		mk(:tr) {
+		mk(:td) {}
+		mk(:td,:valign,:top) {
+		print "<br>\n"
+		help = contents.find {|x| XNode===x and x.tag == 'help' }
+		mkimg(self,nil,"flow_classes") if /reference|format/ =~ $file
+		mk(:br,:clear,"left")
+		2.times { mk(:br) }
+		if help
+			big = help.att['image'] || att['name']
+			if big[0]==?@ then big="images/help_#{big}.png" end
+			warn "help #{big} not found" if not File.exist?(big)
+			#small = big.gsub(/png$/, 'jpg').gsub(/\//, '/ic_')
+			mk(:a,:href,big) {
+				#mk(:img,:src,small,:border,0)
+				mk(:img,:src,"images/see_screenshot.png",:border,0)
+			}
+		end
+		mk(:br,:clear,"left")
+		mk(:br)
+		}#/td
+		mk(:td) {
+			print "<br>\n"
+			super
+			print "<br>"
+		}#/td
+		}#/tr
+	end
+	def show_index
+		icon = contents.find {|x| XNode===x && x.tag == "icon" }
+		if not att["name"] then
+			raise "name tag missing?"
+		end
+		mk(:li) { mk(:a,:href,"\#"+att["name"]) {
+			mkimg(self,att["cname"],"flow_classes")
+		}}
+		puts
+		super
+	end
+}
+
+def nice_table
+	mk(:table,:border,0,:bgcolor,:black,:cellspacing,1) {
+		mk(:tr) {
+			mk(:td,:valign,:top,:align,:left) {
+				mk(:table,:bgcolor,:white,:border,0,
+				:cellpadding,4,:cellspacing,1) {
+					yield }}}}
+end
+
+XNode.register("attr") {public
+	def show
+		print "<br>"
+		if parent.tag == "inlet" or parent.tag == "outlet"
+			mk(:b) {
+				print "#{parent.tag}&nbsp;#{parent.att['id']} "
+				
+			}
+		end
+		print "<b>#{tag}</b>&nbsp;"
+		print "#{html_quote att['name']} <b>(</b>"
+		s=html_quote(att["name"])
+		s="<i>#{att['type']}</i> #{s}" if att['type']
+		print "<b>#{s}</b>"
+		print "<b>)</b> "
+	end
+}
+
+XNode.register("method") {public
+if true #
+	def show
+		print "<br>"
+		if parent.tag == "inlet" or parent.tag == "outlet"
+			mk(:b) {
+				print "#{parent.tag}&nbsp;#{parent.att['id']} "
+				
+			}
+		end
+		print "<b>#{tag}</b>&nbsp;"
+		print "#{html_quote att['name']} <b>(</b>"
+		print contents.map {|x|
+			next unless XNode===x
+			case x.tag
+			when "arg"
+				s=html_quote(x.att["name"])
+				s="<i>#{x.att['type']}</i> #{s}" if x.att['type']
+				s
+			when "rest"
+				(x.att["name"]||"") + "..."
+			end
+		}.compact.join("<b>, </b>")
+		print "<b>)</b> "
+		super
+		print "<br>\n"
+	end
+else #
+	def show
+		print "<br>"
+		mk(:table) { mk(:tr) { mk(:td) {
+		name = ""
+		name << "#{parent.tag} #{parent.att['id']} " if \
+			parent.tag == "inlet" or parent.tag == "outlet"
+		name << tag.to_s
+		mk(:b) { print name.gsub(/ /,"&nbsp;") }
+		}; mk(:td) {
+		nice_table { mk(:tr) {
+			mk(:td,:width,1) { print html_quote(att['name']) }
+			contents.each {|x|
+				next unless XNode===x
+				case x.tag
+				when "arg"
+					mk(:td,:bgcolor,:pink) {
+						s = ""
+						if x.att["type"]
+							s << "<i>" << html_quote(x.att["type"]) << "</i>"
+						end
+						if x.att["name"]
+							s << " " << html_quote(x.att["name"])
+						end
+						s<<"&nbsp;" if s.length==0
+						mk(:b) { puts s }
+					}
+				when "rest"
+					mk(:td,:bgcolor,:pink) {
+						mk(:b) { print html_quote(x.att["name"]), "..."}
+					}
+				end
+			}
+		}}
+		}; mk(:td) {
+		super
+		}}}
+	end
+end #
+}
+
+XNode.register("table") {public
+	def show
+		colors = ["#ffffff","#f0f8ff",]
+		rows = contents.find_all {|x| XNode===x && x.tag=="row" }
+		rows.each_with_index {|x,i| x.bgcolor = colors[i%2] }
+		mk(:tr) {
+		2.times { mk(:td) {} }
+		mk(:td) {
+		nice_table {
+			mk(:tr) {
+				columns = contents.find_all {|x| XNode===x && x.tag=="column" }
+				columns.each {|x| mk(:td,:bgcolor,"#808080") {
+				mk(:font,:color,"#ffffff") {
+				mk(:b) {
+					x.contents.each {|y| y.show }}}}}
+			}
+			super
+		}}}
+	end
+}
+
+XNode.register("column") {public
+	def show; end
+}
+
+XNode.register("row") {public
+	attr_accessor :bgcolor
+	def show
+		columns = parent.contents.find_all {|x| XNode===x && x.tag=="column" }
+		mk(:tr) { columns.each {|x| mk(:td,:bgcolor,bgcolor) {
+			id = x.att["id"]
+			case x.att["type"]
+			when "icon" # should fix this for non-op icons
+				x = "op/#{att['cname']}-icon.png"
+				if not File.exist? x
+					warn "no icon for #{att['name']} (#{x})\n"
+				end
+				mk(:img,:src,x,:border,0,:alt,att["name"])
+			else
+				if id==""
+				then contents.each {|x| x.show }
+				else
+#					print html_quote(att[id] || "--")
+					print multicode(att[id] || "--")
+				end
+			end
+		}}}
+	end
+}
+
+XNode.register("inlet","outlet") {}
+
+#----------------------------------------------------------------#
+
+if $use_rexml
+	class GFDocParser
+		def initialize(file)
+			@sax = SAX2Parser.new(File.open(file))
+			@xml_lists = []
+			@stack = [[]]
+			@sax.listen(:start_element) {|a,b,c,d| startElement(b,d) }
+			@sax.listen(  :end_element) {|a,b,c|   endElement(b) }
+			@sax.listen(   :characters) {|a| @gfdoc.character(a) }
+		end
+		def do_it; @sax.parse; end
+	end
+else
+	class GFDocParser
+		def initialize(file)
+			@xml = XMLParser.new("ISO-8859-1")
+			foo=self; @xml.instance_eval { @gfdoc=foo }
+			def @xml.startElement(tag,attrs) @gfdoc.startElement(tag,attrs) end
+			def @xml.endElement(tag) @gfdoc.endElement(tag) end
+			def @xml.character(text) @gfdoc.character(text) end
+			@file = File.open file
+			@xml_lists = []
+			@stack = [[]]
+		end
+		def do_it; @xml.parse(@file.readlines.join("\n"), true) end
+		def method_missing(sel,*args) @xml.send(sel,*args) end
+	end
+end
+
+class GFDocParser
+	attr_reader :stack
+	def startElement(tag,attrs)
+		if not XNode.valid_tags[tag] then
+			raise XMLParserError, "unknown tag #{tag}"
+		end
+		@stack<<[tag,attrs]
+	end
+	def endElement(tag)
+		node = XNode.valid_tags[tag].new(*@stack.pop)
+		@stack.last << node
+	end
+	def character(text)
+		if not String===@stack.last.last then
+			@stack.last << XString.new("")
+		end
+		@stack.last.last << text
+	end
+end
+
+#----------------------------------------------------------------#
+
+def write_header(tree)
+puts <<EOF
+<html><head>
+<!-- #{"$"}Id#{"$"} -->
+<title>GridFlow #{GF_VERSION} - #{tree.att['title']}</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<link rel="stylesheet" href="gridflow.css" type="text/css">
+</head>
+<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
+  leftmargin="0" topmargin="0"
+  marginwidth="0" marginheight="0">
+<table width="100%" bgcolor="white" border="0" cellspacing="2">
+<tr><td colspan="4" bgcolor="#082069">
+<img src="images/titre_gridflow.png" width="253" height="23">
+</td></tr><tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+EOF
+write_black_ruler
+puts <<EOF
+<tr><td colspan="4" height="16"> 
+    <h4>GridFlow #{GF_VERSION} - #{tree.att['title']}</h4>
+</td></tr>
+<tr> 
+  <td width="5%"  rowspan="2">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td width="15%" height="23">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td width="80%" height="23">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td width="5%"  height="23">&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+EOF
+end
+
+def write_black_ruler
+puts <<EOF
+<tr><td colspan="4" bgcolor="black">
+<img src="images/black.png" width="1" height="2"></td></tr>
+EOF
+end
+
+def write_footer
+puts <<EOF
+<td colspan="4" bgcolor="black">
+<img src="images/black.png" width="1" height="2"></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> 
+<p><font size="-1">
+GridFlow #{GF_VERSION} Documentation<br>
+Copyright &copy; 2001,2002,2003,2004,2005 by Mathieu Bouchard
+<a href="mailto:matju@sympatico.ca">matju@artengine.ca</a>
+</font></p>
+</td></tr></table></body></html>
+EOF
+end
+
+#----------------------------------------------------------------#
+
+$nodes = {}
+XMLParserError = Exception if $use_rexml
+
+def read_one_page file
+	begin
+		STDERR.puts "reading #{file}"
+		parser = GFDocParser.new(file)
+		parser.do_it
+		$nodes[file] = parser.stack[0][0]
+	rescue Exception => e
+		puts ""
+		puts ""
+		STDERR.puts e.inspect
+		i = parser.stack.length-1
+		(STDERR.puts "\tinside <#{parser.stack[i][0]}>"; i-=1) until i<1
+		# strange that line numbers are doubled.
+		# also the byte count is offset by the line count !?!?!?
+		STDERR.puts "\tinside #{file}:#{parser.line/2 + 1}" +
+			" (column #{parser.column}," +
+			" byte #{parser.byteIndex - parser.line/2})"
+		raise "why don't you fix the documentation"
+	end
+end
+
+def write_one_page file
+	begin
+		$file = file
+		output_name = file.sub(/\.xml/,".html")
+		STDERR.puts "writing #{output_name}"
+		STDOUT.reopen output_name, "w"
+		tree = $nodes[file]
+		write_header(tree)
+		mk(:tr) { mk(:td,:colspan,2) { mk(:div,:cols,tree.att["indexcols"]||1) {
+			tree.show_index
+			puts "<br><br>"
+		}}}
+		tree.show
+		write_footer
+		puts ""
+		puts ""
+	rescue Exception => e
+		STDERR.puts "#{e.class}: #{e.message}"
+		STDERR.puts e.backtrace
+	end
+end
+
+$files = %w(
+	install.xml project_policy.xml
+	reference.xml format.xml internals.xml architecture.xml)
+
+$files.each {|input_name| read_one_page input_name }
+$files.each {|input_name| write_one_page input_name }
diff --git a/externals/gridflow/extra/jmax_format.rb b/externals/gridflow/extra/jmax_format.rb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c1b93ce5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/externals/gridflow/extra/jmax_format.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+=begin
+	$Id: jmax_format.rb,v 1.1 2005-10-04 02:02:15 matju Exp $
+
+	GridFlow
+	Copyright (c) 2001,2002,2003 by Mathieu Bouchard
+
+	This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+	modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
+	as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
+	of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+
+	See file ../COPYING for further informations on licensing terms.
+
+	This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+	but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+	MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+	GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+	You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+	along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+	Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
+=end
+
+
+class JMaxFileHandler
+	Size = [4,1,2,4]
+	Packer = ["N","c","n","N"]
+	OpTable = [
+		[0, :return],
+		[1, :push, :int],
+		[2, :push, :float],
+		[3, :push, :symbol],
+		[5, :set, :int],
+		[6, :set, :float],
+		[7, :set, :symbol],
+		[9, :pop_args, :int],
+		[10, :push_obj, :int],
+		[11, :mv_obj, :int],
+		[12, :pop_objs, :int],
+		[13, :make_obj, :int],
+		[14, :put_prop, :symbol],
+		[16, :obj_mess, :int, :symbol, :int],
+		[18, :push_obj_table, :int],
+		[19, :pop_obj_table],
+		[20, :connect],
+		[21, :make_top_obj, :int],
+	]
+	OpTableById = {}
+	OpTableByName = {}
+	OpTable.each {|entry|
+		id,name,arg = entry
+		OpTableById[id] = entry
+		OpTableByName[name] = entry
+	}
+end
+
+class JObject
+	attr_reader :properties
+	attr_accessor :parent_patcher
+	attr_reader :init_messages
+	attr_reader :connections
+	def self.[](*args) new(*args) end
+	def initialize(*args)
+		@args = args
+		@properties = {}
+		@init_messages = []
+	end
+	def send_in(inlet,*args)
+		@init_messages << [inlet,*args]
+	end
+	def connect(inlet,target,outlet)
+	end
+	def subobjects
+		@subobjects={} if not defined? @subobjects
+		@subobjects
+	end
+end
+
+class JMaxFileReader < JMaxFileHandler
+	def initialize(f,factory=JObject)
+		@f = f
+		@symbols = []
+		@estack = []
+		@ostack = []
+		@tstack = []
+		@factory = factory
+	end
+	def parse
+		magic, code_size, n_symbols = @f.read(12).unpack("a4NN")
+		case magic
+		when "bMax"; #ok
+		when "bMa2"; raise "bMa2 format (jMax 4) is not supported yet"
+		else raise "not a jMax file"
+		end
+		@code = @f.read code_size
+		@symbols = @f.read.split(/\0/).map {|x| x.intern }
+		@index = 0
+		while @index < @code.size
+			read_opcode
+		end
+		raise "@estack.size!=0" if @estack.size!=0
+		raise "@ostack.size!=1" if @ostack.size!=1
+		raise "@tstack.size!=0" if @tstack.size!=0
+		@ostack[0]
+	end
+	def read_opcode
+		#puts "#{@index} of #{@code.size}"
+		op = @code[@index]; @index+=1
+		op1,op2 = op&0x3f,op>>6
+		entry = OpTableById[op1]
+		if not entry
+			puts "skipping unknown opcode #{op1},#{op2}"
+			return
+		end
+		args = []
+		(entry.length-2).times {|i|
+			args << (case entry[2+i]
+			when :int
+				n=Size[op2]; v=@code[@index,n].unpack(Packer[op2])[0]
+				x = if v[8*n-1]!=0 then ~(~v&((1<<(8*n-1))-1)) else v end
+				#STDERR.puts "WARNING: #{v} -> #{x}" if x<0
+				x
+			when :float
+				n=4; @code[@index,4].unpack("g")[0]
+			when :symbol
+				n=Size[op2]; @symbols[@code[@index,n].unpack(Packer[op2])[0]]
+			when nil
+			end)
+			@index+=n
+		}
+		#text = sprintf "%05d: %2d,%1d: %s", @index, op1, op2, entry[1]
+		#text << "(" << args.map{|x|x.inspect}.join(",") << ")"
+		#puts text
+		send entry[1], *args
+	end
+	def push x; @estack << x end
+	def set x
+		if @estack.size>0 then @estack[-1]=x else @estack << x end
+	end
+	def put_prop x; @ostack[-1].properties[x] = @estack[-1] end
+	def make_obj x
+		patcher = @ostack[-1] if @ostack.size>0
+		baby = @factory[*(@estack[-x,x].reverse)]
+		@ostack << baby
+		@ostack[-1].parent_patcher = patcher
+		patcher.subobjects[baby]=true if patcher
+	end
+	alias :make_top_obj :make_obj
+	def pop_args x; @estack[-x,x]=[] end
+	def push_obj_table x; @tstack<<[] end
+	def mv_obj x; @tstack[-1][x]=@ostack[-1] end
+	def pop_objs x; @ostack[-x,x]=[] end
+	def obj_mess i,s,n
+		o = @ostack[-1]
+		m = @estack[-n,n].reverse
+		if i<0 then o.send s,*m else o.send_in i,s,*m end
+	end
+	def push_obj x; @ostack<<@tstack[-1][x] end
+	def connect; @ostack[-1].connect @estack[-1],@ostack[-2],@estack[-2] end
+	def pop_obj_table; @tstack.pop end
+	def return; end
+end
+
+if $0 == __FILE__
+	jff = JMaxFileReader.new File.open("samples/fire.jmax")
+	jff.parse
+end
diff --git a/externals/gridflow/extra/puredata_format.rb b/externals/gridflow/extra/puredata_format.rb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..508f545e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/externals/gridflow/extra/puredata_format.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+=begin
+	$Id: puredata_format.rb,v 1.1 2005-10-04 02:02:15 matju Exp $
+
+	GridFlow
+	Copyright (c) 2001,2002,2003 by Mathieu Bouchard
+
+	This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+	modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
+	as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
+	of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+
+	See file ../COPYING for further informations on licensing terms.
+
+	This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+	but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+	MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+	GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+	You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+	along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+	Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
+=end
+
+class PureDataFileWriter
+	def initialize filename
+		@f = File.open filename, "w"
+	end
+	def close; @f.close end
+	def write_patcher o
+		pr = o.properties
+		@f.puts "#N canvas #{pr[:wx]} #{pr[:wy]} #{pr[:ww]} #{pr[:wh]} 10;"
+		ol = o.subobjects.keys
+		x=0
+		ol.find_all {|a| a.classname=="inlet"}.sort {|a,b| a.argv[0] <=> b.argv[0] }.each {|a|
+			if x>a.properties[:x]
+				a.properties[:x]=x+16
+				STDERR.puts "warning: moving inlet #{a.argv[0]} to the right"
+			end
+			x=a.properties[:x]
+		}
+		x=0
+		ol.find_all {|a| a.classname=="outlet"}.sort {|a,b| a.argv[0] <=> b.argv[0] }.each {|a|
+			if x>a.properties[:x]
+				a.properties[:x]=x+16
+				STDERR.puts "warning: moving outlet #{a.argv[0]} to the right"
+			end
+			x=a.properties[:x]
+		}
+		ol.each {|so| write_object so }
+		ol.each_with_index {|so,i|
+			next if not so.instance_eval{defined? @outlets}
+			so.outlets.each_with_index {|conns,outlet|
+				next if not conns
+				conns.each {|target,inlet|
+					@f.puts "#X connect #{i} #{outlet} #{ol.index target} #{inlet};"
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	end
+
+	def list_to_s l
+		l.map {|x|
+			if Array===x then "( " + list_to_s(x) + " )" else escape(x.to_s) end
+		}.join " "
+	end
+
+	# what am i supposed to do?
+	def escape  x; x.gsub(/[;,]/) {|x| " \\#{x}" }.gsub(/\n/) {"\\\n"} end
+	def escape2 x; x.gsub(/[,]/) {|x| " \\#{x} " }.gsub(/[;\$\"]/) {|x| "\\#{x}" }.gsub(/\n/) {"\\\n"} end
+
+	def write_object o
+		pr = o.properties
+		#classname = o.class.instance_eval{@foreign_name}
+		classname = o.classname
+		if classname=="jpatcher"
+			#@f.print "#N canvas 0 0 "
+			write_patcher o
+		end
+
+		case classname
+		when "display"; classname="print"
+		when "list"; classname="listmake"
+		end
+
+		t = case classname
+		when "jcomment"; "text"
+		when "messbox"; "msg"
+		when "jpatcher"; "restore"
+		when "intbox"; "floatatom"
+		else "obj"
+		end
+		@f.print "#X #{t} #{pr[:x]} #{pr[:y]} "
+
+		case classname
+		when "button"
+			@f.print "bng 15 250 50 0 empty empty empty 0 -6 0 8 -262144 -1 -1"
+		when "jcomment"
+			@f.print escape2(pr[:comment].to_s)
+		when "messbox"
+			av=o.argv[0]
+			i=0
+			dollar="$".intern
+			while i<av.length
+			  if av[i]==dollar then av[i,2]=("\\$"+av[i+1].to_s).intern else i+=1 end
+			end
+			@f.print(list_to_s(av))
+		when "slider"
+			#doradio = pr[:maxValue]-pr[:minValue]<=10
+			doradio = false
+			#p doradio
+			name = case pr[:orientation]
+				when 1;     if doradio then "hradio" else "hsl" end
+				when 2,nil; if doradio then "vradio" else "vsl" end
+				else raise "bogus slider orientation?" end
+			@f.print "#{name} "+
+			"#{pr[:w]} #{pr[:h]} #{pr[:minValue]} #{pr[:maxValue]} 0 0 "+
+			"empty empty empty -2 -6 0 8 -262144 -1 -1 0 1"
+		when "intbox"
+			@f.print "5 0 0 0 - - -;"
+		when "inlet"; @f.print "inlet"
+		when "outlet"; @f.print "outlet"
+		when "jpatcher"
+			@f.print("pd ",list_to_s(o.argv))
+		else
+			@f.print(classname," ",list_to_s(o.argv))
+		end
+		@f.puts ";"
+	end
+end
diff --git a/externals/gridflow/extra/server_1_grid.rb b/externals/gridflow/extra/server_1_grid.rb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f1f4a9fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/externals/gridflow/extra/server_1_grid.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+# $Id: server_1_grid.rb,v 1.1 2005-10-04 02:02:15 matju Exp $
+
+require "socket"
+require "smpte" # in this folder
+
+picture = "\x7fGRID \000\003"
+picture << [240,320,3].pack("N*")
+make_smpte(picture) {|*rgb| rgb.pack "N*" }
+
+# File.open("blah.grid","w") {|f| f.write picture }
+
+serv = TCPServer.new 4242
+loop {
+  puts "waiting for connection (port 4242)"
+  sock = serv.accept
+  puts "incoming connection"
+  begin
+    loop {
+      sock.write picture
+      puts "wrote one picture"
+    }
+  rescue Errno::EPIPE # Broken Pipe
+    puts "connection closed (by client)"
+    # it's ok, go back to waiting.
+  end
+}
diff --git a/externals/gridflow/extra/server_1_ppm.rb b/externals/gridflow/extra/server_1_ppm.rb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..dad6d3f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/externals/gridflow/extra/server_1_ppm.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+# $Id: server_1_ppm.rb,v 1.1 2005-10-04 02:02:15 matju Exp $
+
+require "socket"
+
+picture = File.open("../images/teapot.ppm") {|x| x.read }
+
+serv = TCPServer.new 4242
+loop {
+  puts "waiting for connection (port 4242)"
+  sock = serv.accept
+  begin
+    loop {
+      sock.write picture
+      puts "wrote one picture"
+    }
+  rescue Errno::EPIPE # Broken Pipe
+    puts "connection closed (by client)"
+    # it's ok, go back to waiting.
+  end
+}
diff --git a/externals/gridflow/extra/server_2.rb b/externals/gridflow/extra/server_2.rb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4807d502
--- /dev/null
+++ b/externals/gridflow/extra/server_2.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+# a server program to connect 2 or more clients together.
+# by Mathieu Bouchard
+
+require "fcntl"
+require "socket"
+
+class IO
+  def nonblock=flag
+    bit = Fcntl::O_NONBLOCK
+    fcntl(Fcntl::F_SETFL, (fcntl(Fcntl::F_GETFL) & ~bit) |
+      if flag then bit else 0 end)
+  end
+  # does not work with any ruby version, due to a bug. see below.
+  def read_at_most n
+    s=""
+    k=1<<(Math.log(n)/Math.log(2)).to_i
+    while k>0
+      unless k+s.length>n
+        puts "trying #{k}"
+        (s << read(k)) rescue Errno::EWOULDBLOCK
+      end
+      k>>=1
+    end
+    s
+  end
+  # this one works but is slow.
+  def bugfree_read_at_most n
+    s=""
+    (s << (read 1) while s.length<n) rescue Errno::EWOULDBLOCK
+    s 
+  end
+end
+
+serv = TCPServer.new 4242
+socks = [serv]
+
+loop {
+  puts "waiting for connection (port 4242)"
+  begin
+    loop {
+      puts "waiting"
+      ready,blah,crap = IO.select socks, [], socks, 1
+      (ready||[]).each {|s|
+	if s==serv then
+          sock = serv.accept
+          sock.nonblock=true
+          socks << sock
+          puts "incoming connection (total: #{socks.length-1})"
+	else
+          other = socks.find_all{|x|not TCPServer===x} - [s]
+          stuff = s.bugfree_read_at_most 1024
+          p stuff
+          (s.close; socks.delete s) if not stuff or stuff.length==0
+          other.each {|x|
+            p x
+            x.write stuff
+          }
+        end
+      }
+    }
+  rescue Errno::EPIPE # Broken Pipe
+    puts "connection closed (by client)"
+    # it's ok, go back to waiting.
+  end
+}
diff --git a/externals/gridflow/extra/smpte.rb b/externals/gridflow/extra/smpte.rb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c14c936e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/externals/gridflow/extra/smpte.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# Copyright 2001 by Mathieu Bouchard
+# $Id: smpte.rb,v 1.1 2005-10-04 02:02:15 matju Exp $
+
+# The standard SMPTE color test pattern.
+# AS SEEN ON TV !!! (but this is a cheap plastic imitation)
+
+def make_smpte(picture="")
+  row_1 = ""
+  row_2 = ""
+  row_3 = ""
+  row_3_c = [[0,63,105],[255,255,255],[64,0,119]]
+  (0...320).each {|x|
+    n_barre_1 = 7 - x*7/320
+    n_barre_2 = if n_barre_1&1==0 then 0 else 8 - n_barre_1 end
+    row_1 << yield (*([1,2,0].map{|c| 255 * ((n_barre_1 >> c)&1) }))
+    row_2 << yield (*([1,2,0].map{|c| 255 * ((n_barre_2 >> c)&1) }))
+    row_3 << yield (*(row_3_c[x/57] || [0,0,0]))
+  }
+  160.times { picture << row_1 }
+  20 .times { picture << row_2 }
+  60 .times { picture << row_3 }
+  picture
+end
diff --git a/externals/gridflow/format/aalib.c b/externals/gridflow/format/aalib.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f014a632
--- /dev/null
+++ b/externals/gridflow/format/aalib.c
@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+/*
+	$Id: aalib.c,v 1.1 2005-10-04 02:02:15 matju Exp $
+
+	GridFlow
+	Copyright (c) 2001,2002,2003 by Mathieu Bouchard
+
+	This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+	modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
+	as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
+	of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+
+	See file ../COPYING for further informations on licensing terms.
+
+	This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+	but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+	MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+	GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+	You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+	along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+	Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
+*/
+
+#include "../base/grid.h.fcs"
+#define aa_hardwareparams aa_hardware_params
+#include <aalib.h>
+
+/* MINNOR is a typo in aalib.h, sorry */
+typedef 
+#if AA_LIB_MINNOR == 2
+      int
+#else
+      enum aa_attribute
+#endif
+AAAttr;
+
+\class FormatAALib < Format
+struct FormatAALib : Format {
+	aa_context *context;
+	aa_renderparams *rparams;
+	int autodraw; /* as for X11 */
+	bool raw_mode;
+
+	FormatAALib () : context(0), autodraw(1) {}
+
+	\decl void initialize (Symbol mode, Symbol target);
+	\decl void close ();
+	\decl void _0_hidecursor ();
+	\decl void _0_print (int y, int x, int a, Symbol text);
+	\decl void _0_draw ();
+	\decl void _0_autodraw (int autodraw);
+	\decl void _0_dump ();
+	\grin 0 int
+};
+
+GRID_INLET(FormatAALib,0) {
+	if (!context) RAISE("boo");
+	if (in->dim->n != 3)
+		RAISE("expecting 3 dimensions: rows,columns,channels");
+	switch (in->dim->get(2)) {
+	case 1: raw_mode = false; break;
+	case 2: raw_mode = true; break;
+	default:
+		RAISE("expecting 1 greyscale channel (got %d)",in->dim->get(2));
+	}
+	in->set_factor(in->dim->get(1)*in->dim->get(2));
+} GRID_FLOW {
+	int f = in->factor();
+	if (raw_mode) {
+		int sx = min(f,aa_scrwidth(context));
+		int y = in->dex/f;
+		while (n) {
+			if (y>=aa_scrheight(context)) return;
+			for (int x=0; x<sx; x++) {
+				context->textbuffer[y*aa_scrwidth(context)+x]=data[x*2+0];
+				context->attrbuffer[y*aa_scrwidth(context)+x]=data[x*2+1];
+			}
+			y++;
+			n-=f;
+			data+=f;
+		}
+	} else {
+		int sx = min(f,context->imgwidth);
+		int y = in->dex/f;
+		while (n) {
+			if (y>=context->imgheight) return;
+			for (int x=0; x<sx; x++) aa_putpixel(context,x,y,data[x]);
+			y++;
+			n-=f;
+			data+=f;
+		}
+	}
+} GRID_FINISH {
+	if (!raw_mode) {
+		aa_palette pal;
+		for (int i=0; i<256; i++) aa_setpalette(pal,i,i,i,i);
+		aa_renderpalette(context,pal,rparams,0,0,
+			aa_scrwidth(context),aa_scrheight(context));
+	}
+	if (autodraw==1) aa_flush(context);
+} GRID_END
+
+\def void close () {
+	if (context) {
+		aa_close(context);
+		context=0;
+	}
+}
+
+\def void _0_hidecursor () { aa_hidemouse(context); }
+\def void _0_draw () { aa_flush(context); }
+\def void _0_print (int y, int x, int a, Symbol text) {
+	aa_puts(context,x,y,(AAAttr)a,(char *)rb_sym_name(text));
+	if (autodraw==1) aa_flush(context);
+}
+\def void _0_autodraw (int autodraw) {
+	if (autodraw<0 || autodraw>1)
+		RAISE("autodraw=%d is out of range",autodraw);
+	this->autodraw = autodraw;
+}
+\def void _0_dump () {
+	int32 v[] = {aa_scrheight(context), aa_scrwidth(context), 2};
+	GridOutlet out(this,0,new Dim(3,v));
+	for (int y=0; y<aa_scrheight(context); y++) {
+		for (int x=0; x<aa_scrwidth(context); x++) {
+			STACK_ARRAY(int32,data,2);
+			data[0] = context->textbuffer[y*aa_scrwidth(context)+x];
+			data[1] = context->attrbuffer[y*aa_scrwidth(context)+x];
+			out.send(2,data);
+		}
+	}		
+}
+
+/* !@#$ varargs missing here */
+\def void initialize (Symbol mode, Symbol target) {
+	rb_call_super(argc,argv);
+	argc-=2; argv+=2;
+	char *argv2[argc];
+	for (int i=0; i<argc; i++)
+		argv2[i] = strdup(rb_str_ptr(rb_funcall(argv[i],SI(to_s),0)));
+	if (mode!=SYM(out)) RAISE("write-only, sorry");
+	aa_parseoptions(0,0,&argc,argv2);
+	for (int i=0; i<argc; i++) free(argv2[i]);
+	Ruby drivers = rb_ivar_get(rb_obj_class(rself),SI(@drivers));
+	Ruby driver_address = rb_hash_aref(drivers,target);
+	if (driver_address==Qnil)
+		RAISE("unknown aalib driver '%s'",rb_sym_name(target));
+	aa_driver *driver = FIX2PTR(aa_driver,driver_address);
+	context = aa_init(driver,&aa_defparams,0);
+	rparams = aa_getrenderparams();
+	if (!context) RAISE("opening aalib didn't work");
+	int32 v[]={context->imgheight,context->imgwidth,1};
+	gfpost("aalib image size: %s",(new Dim(3,v))->to_s());
+}
+
+\classinfo {
+	Ruby drivers = rb_ivar_set(rself,SI(@drivers),rb_hash_new());
+	const aa_driver *const *p = aa_drivers;
+	for (; *p; p++) {
+		rb_hash_aset(drivers,ID2SYM(rb_intern((*p)->shortname)), PTR2FIX(*p));
+	}
+// IEVAL(rself,"GridFlow.post('aalib supports: %s', @drivers.keys.join(', '))");
+	IEVAL(rself,"install '#in:aalib',1,1;@flags=2;@comment='Ascii Art Library'");
+}
+\end class FormatAALib
+void startup_aalib () {
+	\startall
+}
diff --git a/externals/gridflow/format/dc1394.c b/externals/gridflow/format/dc1394.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1632bef7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/externals/gridflow/format/dc1394.c
@@ -0,0 +1,346 @@
+/*
+	$Id: dc1394.c,v 1.1 2005-10-04 02:02:15 matju Exp $
+
+	GridFlow
+	Copyright (c) 2001,2002,2003,2004 by Mathieu Bouchard
+
+	This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+	modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
+	as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
+	of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+
+	See file ../COPYING for further informations on licensing terms.
+
+	This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+	but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+	MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+	GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+	You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+	along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+	Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
+*/
+
+#include <libraw1394/raw1394.h>
+#include <libdc1394/dc1394_control.h>
+#include "../base/grid.h.fcs"
+
+typedef raw1394handle_t RH;
+typedef nodeid_t NID;
+
+static const int ruby_lineno = __LINE__;
+static const char *ruby_code =
+\ruby
+
+def choice(*)end
+class CStruct
+  def initialize(*) end
+end
+	
+choice :name,:Speed,:start,0,:values,%w(SPEED_100 SPEED_200 SPEED_400)
+choice :name,:Framerate,:start,32,:values,
+%w(FRAMERATE_1_875 FRAMERATE_3_75 FRAMERATE_7_5 FRAMERATE_15
+   FRAMERATE_30 FRAMERATE_60)
+
+choice :name,:Format0Mode,:start,64,:values,%w(
+  MODE_160x120_YUV444 MODE_320x240_YUV422
+  MODE_640x480_YUV411 MODE_640x480_YUV422
+  MODE_640x480_RGB    MODE_640x480_MONO
+  MODE_640x480_MONO16)
+
+choice :name,:Format1Mode,:start,96,:values,%w(
+  MODE_800x600_YUV422 MODE_800x600_RGB
+  MODE_800x600_MONO   MODE_1024x768_YUV422
+  MODE_1024x768_RGB   MODE_1024x768_MONO
+  MODE_800x600_MONO16 MODE_1024x768_MONO16)
+
+choice :name,:Format2Mode,:start,128,:values,%w(
+  MODE_1280x960_YUV422 MODE_1280x960_RGB
+  MODE_1280x960_MONO   MODE_1600x1200_YUV422
+  MODE_1600x1200_RGB   MODE_1600x1200_MONO
+  MODE_1280x960_MONO16 MODE_1600x1200_MONO16)
+
+choice :name,:Format6Mode,:start,256,:values,%w(MODE_EXIF)
+
+choice :name,:Format7Mode,:start,288,:values,%w(
+  MODE_FORMAT7_0 MODE_FORMAT7_1 MODE_FORMAT7_2 MODE_FORMAT7_3
+  MODE_FORMAT7_4 MODE_FORMAT7_5 MODE_FORMAT7_6 MODE_FORMAT7_7)
+
+choice :name,:Format7ColorMode,:start,320,:values,%w(
+  COLOR_FORMAT7_MONO8  COLOR_FORMAT7_YUV411
+  COLOR_FORMAT7_YUV422 COLOR_FORMAT7_YUV444
+  COLOR_FORMAT7_RGB8   COLOR_FORMAT7_MONO16
+  COLOR_FORMAT7_RGB16)
+
+choice :name,:TriggerMode,:start,352,:values,%w(
+  TRIGGER_MODE_0 TRIGGER_MODE_1 TRIGGER_MODE_2 TRIGGER_MODE_3)
+
+choice :name,:CameraImageFormat,:start,384,:values,%w(
+  FORMAT_VGA_NONCOMPRESSED    FORMAT_SVGA_NONCOMPRESSED_1
+  FORMAT_SVGA_NONCOMPRESSED_2 skip 3
+  FORMAT_STILL_IMAGE          FORMAT_SCALABLE_IMAGE_SIZE)
+
+choice :name,:CameraFeatures,:start,416,:values,%w(
+  FEATURE_BRIGHTNESS FEATURE_EXPOSURE
+  FEATURE_SHARPNESS  FEATURE_WHITE_BALANCE
+  FEATURE_HUE        FEATURE_SATURATION
+  FEATURE_GAMMA      FEATURE_SHUTTER
+  FEATURE_GAIN       FEATURE_IRIS
+  FEATURE_FOCUS      FEATURE_TEMPERATURE
+  FEATURE_TRIGGER    skip 19
+  FEATURE_ZOOM       FEATURE_PAN
+  FEATURE_TILT       FEATURE_OPTICAL_FILTER
+  skip 12            FEATURE_CAPTURE_SIZE
+  FEATURE_CAPTURE_QUALITY skip 14)
+
+choice :name,:DCBool,:start,0,:values,%w(False True)
+
+#define MAX_CHARS 32
+#define SUCCESS 1
+#define FAILURE -1
+#define NO_CAMERA 0xffff
+
+# Parameter flags for setup_format7_capture()
+#define QUERY_FROM_CAMERA -1
+#define USE_MAX_AVAIL     -2
+#define USE_RECOMMENDED   -3
+
+# all dc1394_ prefixes removed
+# raw1394handle_t = RH
+# nodeid_t = NID
+# RH+NID = RN
+
+CameraInfo = CStruct.new %{
+    RH rh;
+    NID id;
+    octlet_t ccr_offset;
+    u_int64_t euid_64;
+    char vendor[MAX_CHARS + 1];
+    char model[MAX_CHARS + 1];
+}
+
+CameraCapture = CStruct.new %{
+    NID node;
+    int channel, frame_rate, frame_width, frame_height;
+    int * capture_buffer;
+    int quadlets_per_frame, quadlets_per_packet;
+    const unsigned char * dma_ring_buffer;
+    int dma_buffer_size, dma_frame_size, num_dma_buffers, dma_last_buffer;
+    const char * dma_device_file;
+    int dma_fd, port;
+    struct timeval filltime;
+    int dma_extra_count;
+    unsigned char * dma_extra_buffer;
+    int drop_frames;
+}
+
+MiscInfo = CStruct.new %{
+  int format, mode, framerate;
+  bool is_iso_on;
+  int iso_channel, iso_speed, mem_channel_number;
+  int save_channel, load_channel;
+}
+
+FeatureInfo = CStruct.new %{
+    uint feature_id;
+    bool available, one_push, readout_capable, on_off_capable;
+    bool auto_capable, manual_capable, polarity_capable, one_push_active;
+    bool is_on, auto_active;
+    char trigger_mode_capable_mask;
+    int trigger_mode;
+    bool trigger_polarity;
+    int min, max, value, BU_value, RV_value, target_value;
+}
+
+FeatureSet = CStruct.new %{
+  FeatureInfo feature[NUM_FEATURES];
+}
+#void print_feature_set(FeatureSet *features);
+#extern const char *feature_desc[NUM_FEATURES];
+#void print_feature(FeatureInfo *feature);
+#RawFire create_handle(int port);
+#destroy_handle(RH rh);
+#void print_camera_info(camerainfo *info);
+
+class RH; %{
+  # those two:
+  # Return -1 in numCameras and NULL from the call if there is a problem
+  # otherwise the number of cameras and the NID array from the call
+  NID* get_camera_nodes(int *numCameras, int showCameras);
+  NID* get_sorted_camera_nodes(int numids, int *ids, int *numCameras, int showCameras);
+  release_camera(CameraCapture *camera);
+  single_capture(CameraCapture *camera);
+# this one returns FAILURE or SUCCESS
+  multi_capture(CameraCapture *cams, int num);
+}end
+
+class RN; %{
+  init_camera();
+  is_camera(bool *value);
+  get_camera_feature_set(FeatureSetFeatureInfo *features);
+  get_camera_feature(FeatureInfo *feature);
+  get_camera_misc_info(miscinfo *info);
+  get_sw_version(quadlet_t *value);
+  get_camera_info(camerainfo *info);
+  query_supported_formats(quadlet_t *value);
+  query_supported_modes(uint format, quadlet_t *value);
+  query_supported_framerates(uint format, uint mode, quadlet_t *value);
+  query_revision(int mode, quadlet_t *value);
+  query_basic_functionality(quadlet_t *value);
+  query_advanced_feature_offset(quadlet_t *value);
+  attr set_video_framerate(uint framerate);
+  attr video_mode(uint mode);
+  attr video_format(uint format);
+  double_attr iso_channel_and_speed(uint channel, uint speed);
+  camera_on();
+  camera_off();
+  start_iso_transmission();
+  stop_iso_transmission();
+  get_iso_status(bool *is_on);
+  set_one_shot();
+  unset_one_shot();
+  set_multi_shot(uint numFrames);
+  unset_multi_shot();
+# attributes :
+# those are get_/set_ methods where the get has an input parameter
+# and the set has an output parameter
+  attr uint brightness
+  attr uint exposure
+  attr uint sharpness
+  double_attr set_white_balance(uint u_b_value, uint v_r_value);
+  attr uint hue
+  attr uint saturation(uint saturation);
+  attr uint gamma(uint gamma);
+  attr shutter(uint shutter);
+  attr uint gain
+  attr uint iris
+  attr uint focus
+  attr uint trigger_mode
+  attr uint zoom
+  attr uint pan
+  attr uint tilt
+  attr uint optical_filter
+  attr uint capture_size
+  attr uint capture_quality
+  int get_temperature(uint *target_temperature, uint *temperature);
+  int set_temperature(uint target_temperature);
+
+  get_memory_load_ch(uint *channel);
+  get_memory_save_ch(uint *channel);
+  is_memory_save_in_operation(bool *value);
+  set_memory_save_ch(uint channel);
+  memory_save();
+  memory_load(uint channel);
+  attr bool trigger_polarity
+  trigger_has_polarity(bool *polarity);
+  attr bool set_trigger_on_off
+
+# this one returns SUCCESS on success, FAILURE otherwise
+  setup_capture(
+    int channel, int format, int mode, int speed, int frame_rate,
+    CameraCapture *camera);
+  dma_setup_capture(
+    int channel, int format, int mode, int speed, int frame_rate, 
+    int num_dma_buffers, int drop_frames, const char *dma_device_file,
+    CameraCapture *camera);
+  setup_format7_capture(
+    int channel, int mode, int speed, int bytes_per_packet,
+    uint left, uint top, uint width, uint height, CameraCapture *camera);
+  dma_setup_format7_capture(
+    int channel, int mode, int speed, int bytes_per_packet,
+    uint left, uint top, uint width, uint height,
+    int num_dma_buffers, CameraCapture *camera);
+}end
+
+#RNF = RN+uint feature
+class RNF; %{
+  query_feature_control(uint *availability);
+  query_feature_characteristics(quadlet_t *value);
+  attr uint feature_value
+  is_feature_present(bool *value);
+  has_one_push_auto(bool *value);
+  is_one_push_in_operation(bool *value);
+  start_one_push_operation();
+  can_read_out(bool *value);
+  can_turn_on_off(bool *value);
+  is_feature_on(bool *value);
+  feature_on_off(uint value);
+  has_auto_mode(bool *value);
+  has_manual_mode(bool *value);
+  is_feature_auto(bool *value);
+  auto_on_off(uint value);
+  get_min_value(uint *value);
+  get_max_value(uint *value);
+}end
+
+# DMA Capture Functions 
+#dma_release_camera(RH rh, CameraCapture *camera);
+#dma_unlisten(RH rh, CameraCapture *camera);
+#dma_single_capture(CameraCapture *camera);
+#dma_multi_capture(CameraCapture *cams,int num);
+#dma_done_with_buffer(CameraCapture * camera);
+
+# default return type is int, prolly means SUCCESS/FAILURE
+
+#RNM = RN+uint mode
+class RNM; %{
+  query_format7_max_image_size(uint *horizontal_size, uint *vertical_size);
+  query_format7_unit_size(uint *horizontal_unit, uint *vertical_unit);
+  query_format7_color_coding(quadlet_t *value);
+  query_format7_pixel_number(uint *pixnum);
+  query_format7_total_bytes(uint *total_bytes);
+  query_format7_packet_para(uint *min_bytes, uint *max_bytes);
+  query_format7_recommended_byte_per_packet(uint *bpp);
+  query_format7_packet_per_frame(uint *ppf);
+  query_format7_unit_position(uint *horizontal_pos, uint *vertical_pos);
+  # those were query/set pairs.
+  double_qattr format7_image_position(uint left, uint top);
+  double_qattr format7_image_size(uint width, uint height);
+  qattr uint format7_color_coding_id
+  qattr uint format7_byte_per_packet
+  query_format7_value_setting(uint *present, uint *setting1, uint *err_flag1, uint *err_flag2);
+  set_format7_value_setting(); //huh?
+}end
+
+\end ruby
+;
+
+\class FormatDC1394 < Format
+struct FormatDC1394 : Format {
+	\decl void initialize (Symbol mode);
+	\decl void frame ();
+};
+
+\def void initialize(Symbol mode) {
+	gfpost("DC1394: hello world");
+	RH rh = raw1394_new_handle();
+	int numPorts = raw1394_get_port_info(rh,0,0);
+	raw1394_destroy_handle(rh);
+	gfpost("there are %d Feuerweuer ports",numPorts);
+	if (mode!=SYM(in)) RAISE("sorry, read-only");
+	for(int port=0; port<numPorts; port++) {
+		gfpost("trying port #%d...",port);
+		RH rh = dc1394_create_handle(port);
+		int numCameras=0xDEADBEEF;
+		NID *nodes = dc1394_get_camera_nodes(rh,&numCameras,0);
+		gfpost("port #%d has %d cameras",port,numCameras);
+		for (int i=0; i<numCameras; i++) gfpost("camera at node #%d",nodes[i]);
+		// I'm stuck here, can't find that iSight camera. -- matju
+	}
+	dc1394_destroy_handle(rh);
+}
+
+\def void frame () {
+	gfpost("i'd like to get a frame from the cam, but how?");
+}
+
+\classinfo {
+	IEVAL(rself,"install '#io:dc1394',1,1;@flags=4;@comment='Video4linux 1.x'");
+	//IEVAL(rself,ruby_code);
+	rb_funcall(rself,SI(instance_eval),3,rb_str_new2(ruby_code),
+		rb_str_new2(__FILE__),INT2NUM(ruby_lineno+3));
+}
+\end class FormatDC1394
+void startup_dc1394 () {
+	\startall
+}
diff --git a/externals/gridflow/format/jpeg.c b/externals/gridflow/format/jpeg.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e59d8e06
--- /dev/null
+++ b/externals/gridflow/format/jpeg.c
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+/*
+	$Id: jpeg.c,v 1.1 2005-10-04 02:02:15 matju Exp $
+
+	GridFlow
+	Copyright (c) 2001,2002,2003,2004 by Mathieu Bouchard
+
+	This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+	modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
+	as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
+	of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+
+	See file ../COPYING for further informations on licensing terms.
+
+	This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+	but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+	MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+	GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+	You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+	along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+	Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
+*/
+
+//!@#$ not handling abort on compress
+//!@#$ not handling abort on decompress
+
+#include "../base/grid.h.fcs"
+/* removing macros (removing warnings) */
+#undef HAVE_PROTOTYPES
+#undef HAVE_STDLIB_H
+#undef EXTERN
+extern "C" {
+#include <jpeglib.h>
+};
+
+\class FormatJPEG < Format
+struct FormatJPEG : Format {
+	P<BitPacking> bit_packing;
+	struct jpeg_compress_struct cjpeg;
+	struct jpeg_decompress_struct djpeg;
+	struct jpeg_error_mgr jerr;
+	int fd;
+	FILE *f;
+	\decl Ruby frame ();
+	\decl void initialize (Symbol mode, Symbol source, String filename);
+	\grin 0 int
+};
+
+GRID_INLET(FormatJPEG,0) {
+	if (in->dim->n != 3)
+		RAISE("expecting 3 dimensions: rows,columns,channels");
+	if (in->dim->get(2) != 3)
+		RAISE("expecting 3 channels (got %d)",in->dim->get(2));
+	in->set_factor(in->dim->get(1)*in->dim->get(2));
+	cjpeg.err = jpeg_std_error(&jerr);
+	jpeg_create_compress(&cjpeg);
+	jpeg_stdio_dest(&cjpeg,f);
+	cjpeg.image_width = in->dim->get(1);
+	cjpeg.image_height = in->dim->get(0);
+	cjpeg.input_components = 3;
+	cjpeg.in_color_space = JCS_RGB;
+	jpeg_set_defaults(&cjpeg);
+	jpeg_start_compress(&cjpeg,TRUE);
+} GRID_FLOW {
+	int rowsize = in->dim->get(1)*in->dim->get(2);
+	int rowsize2 = in->dim->get(1)*3;
+	uint8 row[rowsize2];
+	uint8 *rows[1] = { row };
+	while (n) {
+		bit_packing->pack(in->dim->get(1),data,Pt<uint8>(row,rowsize));
+		jpeg_write_scanlines(&cjpeg,rows,1);		
+		n-=rowsize; data+=rowsize;
+	}
+} GRID_FINISH {
+	jpeg_finish_compress(&cjpeg);
+	jpeg_destroy_compress(&cjpeg);
+} GRID_END
+
+static bool gfeof(FILE *f) {
+	off_t cur,end;
+	cur = ftell(f);
+	fseek(f,0,SEEK_END);
+	end = ftell(f);
+	fseek(f,cur,SEEK_SET);
+	return cur==end;
+}
+
+\def Ruby frame () {
+	off_t off = NUM2LONG(rb_funcall(rb_ivar_get(rself,SI(@stream)),SI(tell),0));
+	fseek(f,off,SEEK_SET);
+	if (gfeof(f)) return Qfalse;
+	djpeg.err = jpeg_std_error(&jerr);
+	jpeg_create_decompress(&djpeg);
+	jpeg_stdio_src(&djpeg,f);
+	jpeg_read_header(&djpeg,TRUE);
+	int sx=djpeg.image_width, sy=djpeg.image_height, chans=djpeg.num_components;
+	GridOutlet out(this,0,new Dim(sy, sx, chans),
+		NumberTypeE_find(rb_ivar_get(rself,SI(@cast))));
+	jpeg_start_decompress(&djpeg);
+	uint8 row[sx*chans];
+	uint8 *rows[1] = { row };
+	for (int n=0; n<sy; n++) {
+		jpeg_read_scanlines(&djpeg,rows,1);
+		out.send(sx*chans,Pt<uint8>(row,sx*chans));
+	}
+	jpeg_finish_decompress(&djpeg);
+	jpeg_destroy_decompress(&djpeg);
+	return Qnil;
+}
+
+\def void initialize (Symbol mode, Symbol source, String filename) {
+	rb_call_super(argc,argv);
+	if (source!=SYM(file)) RAISE("usage: jpeg file <filename>");
+	rb_funcall(rself,SI(raw_open),3,mode,source,filename);
+	Ruby stream = rb_ivar_get(rself,SI(@stream));
+	fd = NUM2INT(rb_funcall(stream,SI(fileno),0));
+	f = fdopen(fd,mode==SYM(in)?"r":"w");
+	uint32 mask[3] = {0x0000ff,0x00ff00,0xff0000};
+	bit_packing = new BitPacking(is_le(),3,3,mask);
+}
+
+\classinfo {
+	IEVAL(rself,
+	"install '#in:jpeg',1,1;@mode=6;"
+	"include GridFlow::EventIO; suffixes_are'jpeg','jpg'");
+}
+\end class FormatJPEG
+void startup_jpeg () {
+	\startall
+}
diff --git a/externals/gridflow/format/main.rb b/externals/gridflow/format/main.rb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6e31be75
--- /dev/null
+++ b/externals/gridflow/format/main.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,788 @@
+=begin
+	$Id: main.rb,v 1.1 2005-10-04 02:02:15 matju Exp $
+
+	GridFlow
+	Copyright (c) 2001,2002,2003,2004 by Mathieu Bouchard
+
+	This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+	modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
+	as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
+	of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+
+	See file ../COPYING for further informations on licensing terms.
+
+	This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+	but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+	MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+	GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+	You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+	along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+	Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
+=end
+
+require "socket"
+require "fcntl"
+
+module GridFlow
+
+class<<self
+	def max_rank; 16; end
+	def max_size; 64*1024**2; end
+	def max_packet; 1024*2; end
+end
+
+ENDIAN_BIG,ENDIAN_LITTLE,ENDIAN_SAME,ENDIAN_DIFF = 0,1,2,3
+
+OurByteOrder = case [1].pack("L")
+        when "\0\0\0\1"; ENDIAN_BIG     # Mac, Sun, SiliconGraphics
+        when "\1\0\0\0"; ENDIAN_LITTLE  # Intel
+        else raise "Cannot determine byte order" end
+
+class Format < GridObject
+	FF_R,FF_W = 4,2 # flags indicating support of :in and :out respectively.
+	attr_accessor :parent
+=begin API (version 0.8)
+	mode is :in or :out
+	def initialize(mode,*args) :
+		open a file handler (do it via .new of class)
+	attr_reader :description :
+		a _literal_ (constant) string describing the format handler
+	def self.info() optional :
+		return a string describing the format handler differently
+		than self.description(). in particular, it can list
+		compile-time options and similar things. for example,
+		quicktime returns a list of codecs.
+	def frame() :
+		read one frame, send through outlet 0
+		return values :
+			Integer >= 0 : frame number of frame read.
+			false : no frame was read : end of sequence.
+			nil : a frame was read, but can't say its number.
+		note that trying to read a nonexistent frame should no longer
+		rewind automatically (@in handles that part), nor re-read the
+		last frame (mpeg/quicktime used to do this)
+	def seek(Integer i) :     select one frame to be read next (by number)
+	def length() : ^Integer   returns number of frames (never implemented ?)
+	def close() :             close a handler
+	inlet 0 :
+		grid : frame to write
+		other : special options
+	outlet 0 : grid : frame just read
+	outlet 1 : everything else
+=end
+
+	def initialize(mode,*)
+		super
+		@cast = :int32
+		@colorspace = :rgb
+		@mode = mode
+		@frame = 0
+		@parent = nil
+		@stream = nil
+		flags = self.class.instance_eval{if defined?@flags then @flags else 6 end}
+		# FF_W, FF_R, FF_RW
+		case mode
+		when  :in; flags[2]==1
+		when :out; flags[1]==1
+		else raise "Format opening mode is incorrect"
+		end or raise \
+			"Format '#{self.class.instance_eval{@symbol_name}}'"\
+			" does not support mode '#{mode}'"
+	end
+
+	def close
+		@stream.close if defined? @stream and @stream
+	end
+
+	def self.suffixes_are(*suffixes)
+		suffixes.map{|s|s.split(/[, ]/)}.flatten.each {|suffix|
+			Format.suffixes[suffix] = self
+		}
+	end
+
+	class<<self
+		attr_reader :symbol_name
+		attr_reader :description
+		attr_reader :flags
+		attr_reader :suffixes
+	end
+	@suffixes = {}
+	def seek frame
+		(rewind; return) if frame == 0
+		raise "don't know how to seek for frame other than # 0"
+	end
+
+	# this is what you should use to rewind
+	# different file-sources may redefine this as something else
+	# (eg: gzip)
+	def rewind
+		raise "Nothing to rewind about..." if not @stream
+		@stream.seek 0,IO::SEEK_SET
+		@frame = 0
+	end
+
+	# This is different from IO#eof, which waits until a read has failed
+	# doesn't work in nonblocking mode? (I don't recall why)
+	def eof?
+		thispos = (@stream.seek 0,IO::SEEK_CUR; @stream.tell)
+		lastpos = (@stream.seek 0,IO::SEEK_END; @stream.tell)
+		@stream.seek thispos,IO::SEEK_SET
+		return thispos == lastpos
+	rescue Errno::ESPIPE # just ignore if seek is not possible
+		return false
+	end
+
+	# "ideal" buffer size or something
+	# the buffer may be bigger than this but usually not by much.
+	def self.buffersize; 16384 end
+
+	def _0_headerless(*args) #!@#$ goes in FormatGrid ?
+		args=args[0] if Array===args[0]
+		#raise "expecting dimension list..."
+		args.map! {|a|
+			Numeric===a or raise "expecting dimension list..."
+			a.to_i
+		}
+		@headerless = args
+	end
+	def _0_headerful #!@#$ goes in FormatGrid ?
+		@headerless = nil
+	end
+	def _0_type arg
+		#!@#$ goes in FormatGrid ?
+		#!@#$ bug: should not be able to modify this _during_ a transfer
+		case arg
+		when :uint8; @bpv=8; @bp=BitPacking.new(ENDIAN_LITTLE,1,[0xff])
+		when :int16; @bpv=16; @bp=BitPacking.new(ENDIAN_LITTLE,1,[0xffff])
+		when :int32; @bpv=32; @bp=nil
+		else raise "unsupported number type: #{arg}"
+		end
+	end
+	def _0_cast arg
+		case arg
+		when :uint8, :int16, :int32, :int64, :float32, :float64
+			@cast = arg
+		else raise "unsupported number type: #{arg}"
+		end
+	end
+	def frame; @frame+=1; @frame-1 end
+end
+
+# common parts between GridIn and GridOut
+module GridIO
+	def check_file_open; if not @format then raise "can't do that: file not open" end end
+	def _0_close; check_file_open; @format.close; @format = nil end
+	def delete; @format.close if @format; @format = nil; super end
+	attr_reader :format
+
+	def _0_open(sym,*a)
+		sym = sym.intern if String===sym
+		if a.length==0 and /\./ =~ sym.to_s then a=[sym]; sym=:file end
+		qlass = GridFlow.fclasses["\#io:#{sym}"]
+		if not qlass then raise "unknown file format identifier: #{sym}" end
+		_0_close if @format
+		@format = qlass.new @mode, *a
+		@format.connect 0,self,1
+		@format.connect 1,self,2
+		@format.parent = self
+		@loop = true
+	end
+
+	def _0_timelog flag; @timelog = Integer(flag)!=0 end
+	def _0_loop    flag;    @loop = Integer(flag)!=0 end
+	def method_missing(*message)
+		sel = message[0].to_s
+		if sel =~ /^_0_/
+			message[0] = sel.sub(/^_0_/,"").intern
+			@format.send_in 0, *message
+		elsif sel =~ /^_2_/
+			sel = sel.sub(/^_2_/,"").intern
+			message.shift
+			send_out 1, sel, *message
+		else
+			return super
+		end
+	end
+end
+
+GridObject.subclass("#in",1,2) {
+	install_rgrid 0
+	include GridIO
+	def initialize(*a)
+		super
+		@format = nil
+		@timelog = false
+		@framecount = 0
+		@time = Time.new
+		@mode = :in
+		return if a.length==0
+		_0_open(*a)
+	end
+	def _0_bang
+		check_file_open
+		framenum = @format.frame
+		if framenum == false
+			send_out 1
+			return if not @loop
+			@format.seek 0
+			framenum = @format.frame
+			if framenum == false
+				raise "can't read frame: the end is at the beginning???"
+			end
+		end
+		send_out 1, framenum if framenum
+	end
+	def _0_float frame; _0_set frame; _0_bang end
+	def _0_set frame; check_file_open; @format.seek frame end
+	def _0_reset; check_file_open; @format.seek 0; end
+	def _1_grid(*a) send_out 0,:grid,*a end
+	def _0_load name; _0_open name; _0_bang; _0_close end
+}
+
+GridObject.subclass("#out",1,1) {
+	include GridIO
+	def initialize(*a)
+		super
+		@format = nil
+		@timelog = false
+		@framecount = 0
+		@time = Time.new
+		@mode = :out
+		return if a.length==0
+		if Integer===a[0] or Float===a[0]
+			_0_open :x11,:here
+			_0_out_size a[0],a[1]
+		else
+			_0_open(*a)
+		end
+	end
+
+	def _0_list(*a) @format._0_list(*a) end
+
+	# hacks
+	def _1_grid(*a) send_out 0,:grid,*a end # for aalib
+	def _1_position(*a) send_out 0,:position,*a end
+	def _1_keypress(*a) send_out 0,:keypress,*a end
+	def _1_keyrelease(*a) send_out 0,:keyrelease,*a end
+
+	def _0_grid(*a)
+		check_file_open
+		@format._0_grid(*a)
+		send_out 0,:bang
+		log if @timelog
+		@framecount+=1
+	end
+
+	def log
+		time = Time.new
+		post("\#out: frame#%04d time: %10.3f s; diff: %5d ms",
+			@framecount, time, ((time-@time)*1000).to_i)
+		@time = time
+	end
+	install_rgrid 0
+}
+
+class BitPacking
+	alias pack pack2
+	alias unpack unpack2
+end
+
+# adding event-driven IO to a Format class
+module EventIO
+	def read_wait?; !!@action; end
+
+	def initialize(*)
+		@acceptor = nil
+		@buffer = nil
+		@action = nil
+		@chunksize = nil
+		@rewind_redefined = false
+		@clock = Clock.new self
+		@delay = 100 # ms
+		super
+	end
+
+	def call() try_read end
+
+	def on_read(n,&action)
+		@action = action
+		@chunksize = n
+	end
+
+	def try_accept
+		#!@#$ use setsockopt(SO_REUSEADDR) here???
+		TCPSocket.do_not_reverse_lookup = true # hack
+		@acceptor.nonblock = true
+		@stream = @acceptor.accept
+		@stream.nonblock = true
+		@stream.sync = true
+		@clock.unset
+#		send_out 0, :accept # does not work
+	rescue Errno::EAGAIN
+	end
+
+	def try_read(dummy=nil)
+		n = @chunksize-(if @buffer then @buffer.length else 0 end)
+		t = @stream.read(n) # or raise EOFError
+		if not t
+			raise "heck" if not @stream.eof?
+			rewind
+			t = @stream.read(n) or raise "can't read any of #{n} bytes?"
+		end
+		if @buffer then @buffer << t else @buffer = t end
+		if @buffer.length == @chunksize
+			action,buffer = @action,@buffer
+			@action,@buffer = nil,""
+			@clock.unset
+			action.call buffer
+		end
+	rescue Errno::EAGAIN
+		post "read would block"
+	end
+
+	def raw_open_gzip_in(filename)
+		r,w = IO.pipe
+		if pid=fork
+			GridFlow.subprocesses[pid]=true
+			w.close
+			@stream = r
+		else
+			r.close
+			STDOUT.reopen w
+			STDIN.reopen @stream
+			@stream = File.open filename, "r"
+			exec "gzip", "-dc"
+		end
+	end
+	def raw_open_gzip_out(filename)
+		r,w = IO.pipe
+		if pid=fork
+			GridFlow.subprocesses[pid]=true
+			r.close
+			@stream = w
+		else
+			w.close
+			STDIN.reopen r
+			STDOUT.reopen @stream
+			@stream = File.open filename, "w"
+			exec "gzip", "-c"
+		end
+	end
+	def raw_open(mode,source,*args)
+		@raw_open_args = mode,source,*args
+		fmode = case mode
+			when :in; "r"
+			when :out; "w"
+			else raise "bad mode" end
+		close
+		case source
+		when :file
+			filename = args[0].to_s
+			filename = GridFlow.find_file filename if mode==:in
+			@stream = File.open filename, fmode
+		when :gzfile
+			filename = args[0].to_s
+			filename = GridFlow.find_file filename if mode==:in
+			if mode==:in then
+				raw_open_gzip_in filename
+			else
+				raw_open_gzip_out filename
+			end
+			def self.rewind
+				raw_open(*@raw_open_args)
+				@frame = 0
+			end unless @rewind_redefined
+			@rewind_redefined = true
+		when :tcp
+			if RUBY_VERSION < "1.6.6"
+				raise "use at least 1.6.6 (reason: bug in socket code)"
+			end
+			post "-----------"
+			time = Time.new
+			TCPSocket.do_not_reverse_lookup = true # hack
+			@stream = TCPSocket.open(args[0].to_s,args[1].to_i)
+			post "----------- #{Time.new-time}"
+			@stream.nonblock = true
+			@stream.sync = true
+			@clock.delay @delay
+		when :tcpserver
+			TCPSocket.do_not_reverse_lookup = true # hack
+			TCPServer.do_not_reverse_lookup = true # hack
+			post "-----------"
+			time = Time.new
+			@acceptor = TCPServer.open(args[0].to_s)
+			post "----------- #{Time.new-time}"
+			@acceptor.nonblock = true
+			#$tasks[self] = proc {self.try_accept} #!!!!!
+		else
+			raise "unknown access method '#{source}'"
+		end
+	end
+	def close
+		@acceptor.close if @acceptor
+		@stream.close if @stream
+		GridFlow.hunt_zombies
+	end
+end
+
+Format.subclass("#io:file",1,1) {
+	def self.new(mode,file)
+		file=file.to_s
+		a = [mode,:file,file]
+		if not /\./=~file then raise "no filename suffix?" end
+		suf=file.split(/\./)[-1]
+		h=Format.suffixes[suf]
+		if not h then raise "unknown suffix '.#{suf}'" end
+		h.new(*a)
+	end
+	@comment="format autodetection proxy"
+}
+
+Format.subclass("#io:grid",1,1) {
+	include EventIO
+	install_rgrid 0
+	@comment = "GridFlow file format"
+	suffixes_are "grid"
+=begin
+	This is the Grid format I defined:
+	1 uint8: 0x7f
+	4 uint8: "GRID" big endian | "grid" little endian
+	1 uint8: type {
+		number of bits in 8,16,32,64, plus one of: 1:unsigned 2:float
+		but float8,float16 are not allowed (!)
+	}
+	1 uint8: reserved (supported: 0)
+	1 uint8: number of dimensions N (supported: at least 0..4)
+	N uint32: number of elements per dimension D[0]..D[N-1]
+	raw data goes there.
+=end
+	# bits per value: 32 only
+	attr_accessor :bpv # Fixnum: bits-per-value
+	# endianness
+	# attr_accessor :endian # ENDIAN_LITTLE or ENDIAN_BIG
+	# IO or File or TCPSocket
+	attr_reader :stream
+	# nil=headerful; array=assumed dimensions of received grids
+	#attr_accessor :headerless
+
+	def initialize(mode,source,*args)
+		super
+		@bpv = 32
+		@headerless = nil
+		@endian = OurByteOrder
+		raw_open mode,source,*args
+	end
+
+	def post(*s)
+		# because i'm using miller_0_38 and it can't disable the console
+		# i am using fprintf stderr instead of post.
+		### STDERR.puts(sprintf(*s))
+		# disabled because i don't need it now
+	end
+
+	# rewinding and starting
+	def frame
+		raise "can't get frame when there is no connection" if not @stream
+		raise "already waiting for input" if read_wait?
+		return false if eof?
+		post "----- 1"
+		if @headerless then
+			@n_dim=@headerless.length
+			@dim = @headerless
+			@dex = 0
+			set_bufsize
+			send_out_grid_begin 0, @dim
+			on_read(bufsize) {|data| frame3 data }
+		else
+			on_read(8) {|data| frame1 data }
+		end
+		post "----- 2"
+		(try_read nil while read_wait?) if not TCPSocket===@stream
+		post "----- 3"
+		super
+		post "----- 4"
+	end
+
+	def set_bufsize
+		@prod = 1
+		@dim.each {|x| @prod *= x }
+		n = @prod/@dim[0]
+		k = GridFlow.max_packet / n
+		k=1 if k<1
+		@bufsize = k*n*@bpv/8
+		@bufsize = @prod if @bufsize > @prod
+	end
+
+	# the header
+	def frame1 data
+		post "----- frame1"
+		head,@bpv,reserved,@n_dim = data.unpack "a5ccc"
+		@endian = case head
+			when "\x7fGRID"; ENDIAN_BIG
+			when "\x7fgrid"; ENDIAN_LITTLE
+			else raise "grid header: invalid (#{data.inspect})" end
+		case bpv
+		when 8, 16, 32; # ok
+		else raise "unsupported bpv (#{@bpv})"
+		end
+		if reserved!=0
+			raise "reserved field is not zero"
+		end
+		if @n_dim > GridFlow.max_rank
+			raise "too many dimensions (#{@n_dim})"
+		end
+		on_read(4*@n_dim) {|data| frame2 data }
+	end
+
+	# the dimension list
+	def frame2 data
+		post "----- frame2"
+		@dim = data.unpack(if @endian==ENDIAN_LITTLE then "V*" else "N*" end)
+		set_bufsize
+		if @prod > GridFlow.max_size
+			raise "dimension list: invalid prod (#{@prod})"
+		end
+		send_out_grid_begin 0, @dim, @cast
+
+		on_read(bufsize) {|data| frame3 data }
+		@dex = 0
+	end
+
+	attr_reader :bufsize
+
+	# for each slice of the body
+	def frame3 data
+		post "----- frame3 with dex=#{@dex.inspect}, prod=#{@prod.inspect}"
+		n = data.length
+		nn = n*8/@bpv
+		# is/was there a problem with the size of the data being read?
+		case @bpv
+		when 8
+			@bp = BitPacking.new(@endian,1,[0xff])
+			send_out_grid_flow(0, @bp.unpack(data))
+			@dex += data.length
+		when 16
+			@bp = BitPacking.new(@endian,2,[0xffff])
+			send_out_grid_flow(0, @bp.unpack(data))
+			@dex += data.length/2
+		when 32
+			data.swap32! if @endian!=OurByteOrder
+			send_out_grid_flow 0, data
+			@dex += data.length/4
+		end
+		if @dex >= @prod
+			@clock.unset
+		else
+			on_read(bufsize) {|data| frame3 data }
+		end
+	end
+
+	def _0_rgrid_begin
+		if not @stream
+			raise "can't send frame when there is no connection"
+		end
+		@dim = inlet_dim 0
+		post "@dim=#{@dim.inspect}"
+		return if @headerless
+		# header
+		@stream.write(
+			[if @endian==ENDIAN_LITTLE then "\x7fgrid" else "\x7fGRID" end,
+			 @bpv,0,@dim.length].pack("a5ccc"))
+		# dimension list
+		@stream.write(
+			@dim.to_a.pack(if @endian==ENDIAN_LITTLE then "V*" else "N*" end))
+	end
+
+	def _0_rgrid_flow data
+		case @bpv
+		when 8, 16
+			@stream.write @bp.pack(data)
+		when 32
+			data.swap32! if GridFlow::OurByteOrder != @endian
+			@stream.write data
+		end
+	end
+
+	def _0_rgrid_end; @stream.flush end
+
+	def endian(a)
+		@endian = case a
+		when :little; ENDIAN_LITTLE
+		when :big;    ENDIAN_BIG
+		when :same;   ENDIAN_SAME
+		else raise "argh"
+		end
+	end
+
+	def headerless(*args)
+		args=args[0] if Array===args[0]
+		args.map! {|a|
+			Numeric===a or raise "expecting dimension list..."
+			a.to_i
+		}
+		@headerless = args
+	end
+
+	def headerful; @headerless = nil end
+
+	#!@#$ method name conflict ?
+	def type(nt)
+		#!@#$ bug: should not be able to modify this _during_ a transfer
+		case nt
+		when :uint8; @bpv= 8; @bp=BitPacking.new(ENDIAN_LITTLE,1,[0xff])
+		when :int16; @bpv=16; @bp=BitPacking.new(ENDIAN_LITTLE,1,[0xffff])
+		when :int32; @bpv=32; @bp=nil
+		else raise "unsupported number type"
+		end
+	end
+}
+
+module PPMandTarga
+	# "and false" disables features that may cause crashes and don't
+	# accelerate gridflow that much.
+	def frame_read_body height, width, channels
+		bs = width*channels
+		n = bs*height
+		bs = (self.class.buffersize/bs)*bs+bs # smallest multiple of bs over BufferSize
+		buf = ""
+		if RUBY_VERSION >= "1.8.0" and false
+			data = "x"*bs # must preallocate (bug in 1.8.0.pre1-3)
+			while n>0 do
+				bs=n if bs>n
+				@stream.read(bs,data) or raise EOFError
+				if @bp then
+					send_out_grid_flow 0, @bp.unpack(data,buf)
+				else
+					send_out_grid_flow 0, data, :uint8
+				end
+				n-=bs
+			end
+		else
+			nothing = ""
+			while n>0 do
+				bs=n if bs>n
+				data = @stream.read(bs) or raise EOFError
+				if @bp then
+					send_out_grid_flow 0, @bp.unpack(data,buf)
+				else
+					send_out_grid_flow 0, data, :uint8
+				end
+				data.replace nothing and false # prevent clogging memory
+				n-=bs
+			end
+		end
+	end
+end
+
+Format.subclass("#io:ppm",1,1) {
+	install_rgrid 0
+	@comment = "Portable PixMap (PPM) File Format"
+	suffixes_are "ppm"
+	include EventIO, PPMandTarga
+
+	def initialize(mode,source,*args)
+		@bp = if mode==:out
+			BitPacking.new(ENDIAN_LITTLE,3,[0x0000ff,0x00ff00,0xff0000])
+		else nil end
+		super
+		raw_open mode,source,*args
+	end
+	def frame
+		#@stream.sync = false
+		metrics=[]
+		return false if eof?
+		line = @stream.gets
+		(rewind; line = @stream.gets) if not line # hack
+		line.chomp!
+		if line != "P6" then raise "Wrong format (needing PPM P6)" end
+		while metrics.length<3
+			line = @stream.gets
+			next if line =~ /^#/
+			metrics.push(*(line.split(/\s+/).map{|x| Integer x }))
+		end
+		metrics[2]==255 or
+			raise "Wrong color depth (max_value=#{metrics[2]} instead of 255)"
+
+		send_out_grid_begin 0, [metrics[1], metrics[0], 3], @cast
+		frame_read_body metrics[1], metrics[0], 3
+		super
+	end
+
+	def _0_rgrid_begin
+		dim = inlet_dim 0
+		raise "expecting (rows,columns,channels)" if dim.length!=3
+		raise "expecting channels=3" if dim[2]!=3
+		@stream.write "P6\n"
+		@stream.write "# generated using GridFlow #{GF_VERSION}\n"
+		@stream.write "#{dim[1]} #{dim[0]}\n255\n"
+		@stream.flush
+		inlet_set_factor 0, 3
+	end
+	def _0_rgrid_flow(data) @stream.write @bp.pack(data) end
+	def _0_rgrid_end; @stream.flush end
+}
+
+Format.subclass("#io:targa",1,1) {
+	install_rgrid 0
+	@comment = "TrueVision Targa"
+	suffixes_are "tga"
+	include EventIO, PPMandTarga
+=begin
+targa header is like:
+	[:comment, Uint8, :length],
+	[:colortype, Uint8],
+	[:colors,  Uint8], 5,
+	[:origin_x, Int16],
+	[:origin_y, Int16],
+	[:w, Uint16],
+	[:h, Uint16],
+	[:depth, Uint8], 1,
+	[:comment, String8Unpadded, :data],
+=end
+	def initialize(mode,source,*args)
+		super
+		raw_open mode,source,*args
+	end
+
+	def set_bitpacking depth
+		@bp = case depth
+		#!@#$ endian here doesn't seem to be changing much ?
+		when 24; BitPacking.new(ENDIAN_LITTLE,3,[0xff0000,0x00ff00,0x0000ff])
+		when 32; BitPacking.new(ENDIAN_LITTLE,4,
+			[0x00ff0000,0x0000ff00,0x000000ff,0xff000000])
+		else
+			raise "tga: unsupported colour depth: #{depth}\n"
+		end
+	end
+
+	def frame
+		return false if eof?
+		head = @stream.read(18)
+		comment_length,colortype,colors,w,h,depth = head.unpack("cccx9vvcx")
+		comment = @stream.read(comment_length)
+		raise "unsupported color format: #{colors}" if colors != 2
+#		post "tga: size y=#{h} x=#{w} depth=#{depth} colortype=#{colortype}"
+#		post "tga: comment: \"#{comment}\""
+		set_bitpacking depth
+		send_out_grid_begin 0, [ h, w, depth/8 ], @cast
+		frame_read_body h, w, depth/8
+		super
+	end
+
+	def _0_rgrid_begin
+		dim = inlet_dim 0
+		raise "expecting (rows,columns,channels)" if dim.length!=3
+		raise "expecting channels=3 or 4" if dim[2]!=3 and dim[2]!=4
+		# comment = "created using GridFlow"
+		#!@#$ why did i use that comment again?
+		comment = "generated using GridFlow #{GF_VERSION}"
+		@stream.write [comment.length,colortype=0,colors=2,"\0"*9,
+		dim[1],dim[0],8*dim[2],(8*(dim[2]-3))|32,comment].pack("ccca9vvcca*")
+		set_bitpacking 8*dim[2]
+		inlet_set_factor 0, dim[2]
+	end
+	def _0_rgrid_flow data; @stream.write @bp.pack(data) end
+	def _0_rgrid_end; @stream.flush end
+}
+end # module GridFlow
diff --git a/externals/gridflow/format/mpeg3.c b/externals/gridflow/format/mpeg3.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d6820ccd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/externals/gridflow/format/mpeg3.c
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+/*
+	$Id: mpeg3.c,v 1.1 2005-10-04 02:02:15 matju Exp $
+
+	GridFlow
+	Copyright (c) 2001,2002,2003 by Mathieu Bouchard
+
+	This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+	modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
+	as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
+	of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+
+	See file ../COPYING for further informations on licensing terms.
+
+	This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+	but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+	MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+	GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+	You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+	along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+	Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
+*/
+
+#define LIBMPEG_INCLUDE_HERE
+#include "../base/grid.h.fcs"
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+
+\class FormatMPEG3 < Format
+struct FormatMPEG3 : Format {
+	mpeg3_t *mpeg;
+	P<BitPacking> bit_packing;
+	int track;
+	FormatMPEG3 () : track(0) {}
+	\decl void initialize (Symbol mode, Symbol source, String filename);
+	\decl void seek (int frame);
+	\decl Ruby frame ();
+	\decl void close ();
+};
+
+\def void seek (int frame) { mpeg3_set_frame(mpeg,frame,track); }
+
+\def Ruby frame () {
+	int nframe = mpeg3_get_frame(mpeg,track);
+	if (nframe >= mpeg3_video_frames(mpeg,track)) return Qfalse;
+
+	int sx = mpeg3_video_width(mpeg,track);
+	int sy = mpeg3_video_height(mpeg,track);
+	int npixels = sx*sy;
+	int channels = 3;
+	Pt<uint8> buf = ARRAY_NEW(uint8,sy*sx*channels+16);
+	uint8 *rows[sy];
+	for (int i=0; i<sy; i++) rows[i]=buf+i*sx*channels;
+	int result = mpeg3_read_frame(mpeg,rows,0,0,sx,sy,sx,sy,MPEG3_RGB888,track);
+
+	GridOutlet out(this,0,new Dim(sy, sx, channels),
+		NumberTypeE_find(rb_ivar_get(rself,SI(@cast))));
+	int bs = out.dim->prod(1);
+	STACK_ARRAY(int32,b2,bs);
+	for(int y=0; y<sy; y++) {
+		Pt<uint8> row = buf+channels*sx*y;
+		/* bit_packing->unpack(sx,row,b2); out.send(bs,b2); */
+		out.send(bs,row);
+	}
+	delete[] (uint8 *)buf;
+	return INT2NUM(nframe);
+}
+
+\def void close () {
+//	fprintf(stderr, "begin mpeg3_close...\n");
+	if (mpeg) { mpeg3_close(mpeg); mpeg=0; }
+	rb_call_super(argc,argv);
+//	fprintf(stderr, "end mpeg3_close...\n");
+}
+
+// libmpeg3 may be nice, but it won't take a filehandle, only filename
+\def void initialize (Symbol mode, Symbol source, String filename) {
+	rb_call_super(argc,argv);
+	if (mode!=SYM(in)) RAISE("read-only, sorry");
+	if (source!=SYM(file)) RAISE("usage: mpeg file <filename>");
+	if (TYPE(filename)!=T_STRING) RAISE("PATATE POILUE");
+	filename = rb_funcall(mGridFlow,SI(find_file),1,filename);
+	mpeg = mpeg3_open(rb_str_ptr(filename));
+	if (!mpeg) RAISE("IO Error: can't open file `%s': %s", filename, strerror(errno));
+	uint32 mask[3] = {0x0000ff,0x00ff00,0xff0000};
+	bit_packing = new BitPacking(is_le(),3,3,mask);
+}
+
+\classinfo {
+	IEVAL(rself,"install '#in:mpeg',1,1;@flags=4;"
+	"@comment='Motion Picture Expert Group Format"
+	" (using HeroineWarrior\\'s)';suffixes_are'mpg,mpeg'");
+}
+\end class FormatMPEG3
+void startup_mpeg3 () {
+	\startall
+}
diff --git a/externals/gridflow/format/png.c b/externals/gridflow/format/png.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..69a0254e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/externals/gridflow/format/png.c
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+/*
+	$Id: png.c,v 1.1 2005-10-04 02:02:15 matju Exp $
+
+	GridFlow
+	Copyright (c) 2001,2002,2003,2004 by Mathieu Bouchard
+
+	This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+	modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
+	as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
+	of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+
+	See file ../COPYING for further informations on licensing terms.
+
+	This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+	but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+	MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+	GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+	You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+	along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+	Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
+*/
+
+/* !@#$ not handling abort on compress */
+/* !@#$ not handling abort on decompress */
+
+#include "../base/grid.h.fcs"
+extern "C" {
+#include <libpng12/png.h>
+};
+
+\class FormatPNG < Format
+struct FormatPNG : Format {
+	P<BitPacking> bit_packing;
+	png_structp png;
+	png_infop info;
+	int fd;
+	FILE *f;
+	FormatPNG () : bit_packing(0), png(0), f(0) {}
+	\decl Ruby frame ();
+	\decl void initialize (Symbol mode, Symbol source, String filename);
+	\grin 0 int
+};
+
+GRID_INLET(FormatPNG,0) {
+	if (in->dim->n != 3)
+		RAISE("expecting 3 dimensions: rows,columns,channels");
+	if (in->dim->get(2) != 3)
+		RAISE("expecting 3 channels (got %d)",in->dim->get(2));
+	in->set_factor(in->dim->get(1)*in->dim->get(2));
+	RAISE("bother, said pooh, as the PNG encoding was found unimplemented");
+} GRID_FLOW {
+	int rowsize = in->dim->get(1)*in->dim->get(2);
+	int rowsize2 = in->dim->get(1)*3;
+	uint8 row[rowsize2];
+	while (n) {
+		bit_packing->pack(in->dim->get(1),data,Pt<uint8>(row,rowsize));
+		n-=rowsize; data+=rowsize;
+	}
+} GRID_FINISH {
+} GRID_END
+
+\def Ruby frame () {
+	uint8 sig[8];
+	if (!fread(sig, 1, 8, f)) return Qfalse;
+	if (!png_check_sig(sig, 8)) RAISE("bad signature");
+	png = png_create_read_struct(PNG_LIBPNG_VER_STRING, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+	if (!png) RAISE("!png");
+	info = png_create_info_struct(png);
+	if (!info) {
+		png_destroy_read_struct(&png, NULL, NULL); RAISE("!info");
+	}
+	if (setjmp(png_jmpbuf(png))) {
+		png_destroy_read_struct(&png, &info, NULL); RAISE("png read error");
+	}
+	png_init_io(png, f);
+	png_set_sig_bytes(png, 8);  // we already read the 8 signature bytes
+	png_read_info(png, info);   // read all PNG info up to image data
+	png_uint_32 width, height;
+	int bit_depth, color_type;
+	png_get_IHDR(png, info, &width, &height, &bit_depth, &color_type, 0,0,0);
+
+	png_bytepp row_pointers = 0;
+	if (color_type == PNG_COLOR_TYPE_PALETTE
+		|| (color_type == PNG_COLOR_TYPE_GRAY && bit_depth < 8)
+		|| png_get_valid(png, info, PNG_INFO_tRNS))
+			png_set_expand(png);
+	// 16bpp y, 32bpp ya, 48bpp rgb, 64bpp rgba...
+	if (bit_depth == 16) png_set_strip_16(png);
+
+	double display_gamma = 2.2;
+	double gamma;
+	if (png_get_gAMA(png, info, &gamma))
+		png_set_gamma(png, display_gamma, gamma);
+	png_read_update_info(png, info);
+
+	int rowbytes = png_get_rowbytes(png, info);
+	int channels = (int)png_get_channels(png, info);
+	Pt<uint8> image_data = ARRAY_NEW(uint8,rowbytes*height);
+	row_pointers = new png_bytep[height];
+	//gfpost("png: color_type=%d channels=%d, width=%d, rowbytes=%ld, height=%ld, gamma=%f",
+	//	color_type, channels, width, rowbytes, height, gamma);
+	for (int i=0; i<(int)height; i++) row_pointers[i] = image_data + i*rowbytes;
+	if ((uint32)rowbytes != width*channels)
+		RAISE("rowbytes mismatch: %d is not %d*%d=%d",
+			rowbytes, width, channels, width*channels);
+	png_read_image(png, row_pointers);
+	delete row_pointers;
+	row_pointers = 0;
+	png_read_end(png, 0);
+
+	GridOutlet out(this,0,new Dim(height, width, channels),
+		NumberTypeE_find(rb_ivar_get(rself,SI(@cast))));
+	out.send(rowbytes*height,image_data);
+	free(image_data);
+	png_destroy_read_struct(&png, &info, NULL);
+	return Qnil;
+}
+
+\def void initialize (Symbol mode, Symbol source, String filename) {
+	rb_call_super(argc,argv);
+	if (source!=SYM(file)) RAISE("usage: png file <filename>");
+	rb_funcall(rself,SI(raw_open),3,mode,source,filename);
+	Ruby stream = rb_ivar_get(rself,SI(@stream));
+	fd = NUM2INT(rb_funcall(stream,SI(fileno),0));
+	f = fdopen(fd,mode==SYM(in)?"r":"w");
+	uint32 mask[3] = {0x0000ff,0x00ff00,0xff0000};
+	bit_packing = new BitPacking(is_le(),3,3,mask);
+}
+
+\classinfo {
+	IEVAL(rself,
+	"install '#io:png',1,1;@mode=4;include GridFlow::EventIO; suffixes_are'png'");
+}
+\end class FormatPNG
+void startup_png () {
+	\startall
+}
diff --git a/externals/gridflow/format/quicktimeapple.c b/externals/gridflow/format/quicktimeapple.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0664322e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/externals/gridflow/format/quicktimeapple.c
@@ -0,0 +1,500 @@
+/*
+	$Id: quicktimeapple.c,v 1.1 2005-10-04 02:02:15 matju Exp $
+
+	GridFlow
+	Copyright (c) 2001,2002,2003,2004 by Mathieu Bouchard
+
+	This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+	modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
+	as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
+	of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+
+	See file ../COPYING for further informations on licensing terms.
+
+	This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+	but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+	MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+	GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+	You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+	along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+	Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
+*/
+
+#define T_DATA T_COCOA_DATA
+#include <Quicktime/Quicktime.h>
+#include <Quicktime/Movies.h>
+#include <Quicktime/QuickTimeComponents.h>
+#undef T_DATA
+#include "../base/grid.h.fcs"
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <CoreServices/CoreServices.h>
+
+typedef ComponentInstance VideoDigitizerComponent, VDC;
+typedef ComponentResult VideoDigitizerError, VDE;
+
+//enum {VDCType='vdig', vdigInterfaceRev=2 };
+//enum {ntscIn=0, currentIn=0, palIn, secamIn, ntscReallyIn };
+//enum {compositeIn, sVideoIn, rgbComponentIn, rgbComponentSyncIn, yuvComponentIn, yuvComponentSyncIn, tvTunerIn, sdiIn};
+//enum {vdPlayThruOff, vdPlayThruOn};
+//enum {vdDigitizerBW, vdDigitizerRGB};
+//enum {vdBroadcastMode, vdVTRMode};
+//enum {vdUseAnyField, vdUseOddField, vdUseEvenField};
+//enum {vdTypeBasic, vdTypeAlpha, vdTypeMask, vdTypeKey};
+/*enum {digiInDoesNTSC, digiInDoesPAL, digiInDoesSECAM, skip 4,
+  digiInDoesGenLock, digiInDoesComposite, digiInDoesSVideo, digiInDoesComponent,
+  digiInVTR_Broadcast, digiInDoesColor, digiInDoesBW, skip 17,
+  digiInSignalLock};*/
+/*bitset {digiOutDoes1, digiOutDoes2, digiOutDoes4,
+         digiOutDoes8, digiOutDoes16, digiOutDoes32, 
+  digiOutDoesDither, digiOutDoesStretch, digiOutDoesShrink,
+  digiOutDoesMask, skip 1, 
+  digiOutDoesDouble, digiOutDoesQuad, digiOutDoesQuarter, digiOutDoesSixteenth,
+  digiOutDoesRotate, digiOutDoesHorizFlip, digiOutDoesVertFlip, digiOutDoesSkew,
+  digiOutDoesBlend, digiOutDoesWarp, digiOutDoesHW_DMA,
+  digiOutDoesHWPlayThru, digiOutDoesILUT, digiOutDoesKeyColor,
+  digiOutDoesAsyncGrabs, digiOutDoesUnreadableScreenBits, 
+  digiOutDoesCompress, digiOutDoesCompressOnly,
+  digiOutDoesPlayThruDuringCompress, digiOutDoesCompressPartiallyVisible,
+  digiOutDoesNotNeedCopyOfCompressData};*/
+/*struct DigitizerInfo {
+  short vdigType;
+  long inputCapabilityFlags, outputCapabilityFlags;
+  long inputCurrentFlags,    outputCurrentFlags;
+  short slot;
+  GDHandle gdh, maskgdh;
+  short minDestHeight, minDestWidth;
+  short maxDestHeight, maxDestWidth;
+  short blendLevels;
+  long reserved;};*/
+/*struct VdigType { long digType, reserved;};*/
+/*struct VdigTypeList { short count; VdigType list[1];};*/
+/*struct VdigBufferRec { PixMapHandle dest; Point location; long reserved;};*/
+/*struct VdigBufferRecList {
+  short count; MatrixRecordPtr matrix; RgnHandle mask; VdigBufferRec list[1];};*/
+//typedef VdigBufferRecList *VdigBufferRecListPtr;
+//typedef VdigBufferRecListPtr *VdigBufferRecListHandle;
+//typedef CALLBACK_API(void,VdigIntProcPtr)(long flags, long refcon);
+//typedef STACK_UPP_TYPE(VdigIntProcPtr);
+/*struct VDCompressionList {
+  CodecComponent codec; CodecType cType; Str63 typeName, name;
+  long formatFlags, compressFlags, reserved;};*/
+//typedef VDCompressionList *   VDCompressionListPtr;
+//typedef VDCompressionListPtr *VDCompressionListHandle;
+/*bitset {
+  dmaDepth1, dmaDepth2, dmaDepth4, dmaDepth8, dmaDepth16, dmaDepth32,
+  dmaDepth2Gray, dmaDepth4Gray, dmaDepth8Gray};*/
+//enum {kVDIGControlledFrameRate=-1};
+//bitset {vdDeviceFlagShowInputsAsDevices, vdDeviceFlagHideDevice};
+/*bitset {
+  vdFlagCaptureStarting, vdFlagCaptureStopping,
+  vdFlagCaptureIsForPreview, vdFlagCaptureIsForRecord,
+  vdFlagCaptureLowLatency, vdFlagCaptureAlwaysUseTimeBase,
+  vdFlagCaptureSetSettingsBegin, vdFlagCaptureSetSettingsEnd};*/
+/*\class VDC
+VDE VDGetMaxSrcRect   (short inputStd, Rect *maxSrcRect)
+VDE VDGetActiveSrcRect(short inputStd, Rect *activeSrcRect)
+VDE VD[GS]etDigitizerRect(Rect *digitizerRect)
+VDE VDGetVBlankRect(short inputStd, Rect *vBlankRect)
+VDE VDGetMaskPixMap(PixMapHandlemaskPixMap)
+VDE VDGetPlayThruDestination(PixMapHandle *    dest, Rect *destRect, MatrixRecord *    m, RgnHandle *mask)
+VDE VDUseThisCLUT(CTabHandle colorTableHandle)
+VDE VD[SG*]etInputGammaValue(Fixed channel1, Fixed channel2, Fixed channel3)
+VDE VD[GS]etBrightness(uint16 *)
+VDE VD[GS]etContrast(uint16 *)
+VDE VD[GS]etHue(uint16 *)
+VDE VD[GS]etSharpness(uint16 *)
+VDE VD[GS]etSaturation(uint16 *)
+VDE VDGrabOneFrame(VDC ci)
+VDE VDGetMaxAuxBuffer(PixMapHandle *pm, Rect *r)
+VDE VDGetDigitizerInfo(DigitizerInfo *info)
+VDE VDGetCurrentFlags(long *inputCurrentFlag, long *outputCurrentFlag)
+VDE VD[SG*]etKeyColor(long index)
+VDE VDAddKeyColor(long *index)
+VDE VDGetNextKeyColor(long  index)
+VDE VD[GS]etKeyColorRange(RGBColor minRGB, RGBColor maxRGB)
+VDE VDSetDigitizerUserInterrupt(long  flags, VdigIntUPP userInterruptProc, long  refcon)
+VDE VD[SG*]etInputColorSpaceMode(short colorSpaceMode)
+VDE VD[SG*]etClipState(short clipEnable)
+VDE VDSetClipRgn(RgnHandle clipRegion)
+VDE VDClearClipRgn(RgnHandle clipRegion)
+VDE VDGetCLUTInUse(CTabHandle *colorTableHandle)
+VDE VD[SG*]etPLLFilterType(short pllType)
+VDE VDGetMaskandValue(uint16 blendLevel, long *mask, long *value)
+VDE VDSetMasterBlendLevel(uint16 *blendLevel)
+VDE VDSetPlayThruDestination(PixMapHandledest, RectPtr destRect, MatrixRecordPtr m, RgnHandle mask)
+VDE VDSetPlayThruOnOff(short state)
+VDE VD[SG*]etFieldPreference(short fieldFlag)
+VDE VDPreflightDestination(Rect *digitizerRect, PixMap **dest, RectPtr destRect, MatrixRecordPtr m)
+VDE VDPreflightGlobalRect(GrafPtr theWindow, Rect *globalRect)
+VDE VDSetPlayThruGlobalRect(GrafPtr theWindow, Rect *globalRect)
+VDE VDSetInputGammaRecord(VDGamRecPtrinputGammaPtr)
+VDE VDGetInputGammaRecord(VDGamRecPtr *inputGammaPtr)
+VDE VD[SG]etBlackLevelValue(uint16 *)
+VDE VD[SG]etWhiteLevelValue(uint16 *)
+VDE VDGetVideoDefaults(uint16 *blackLevel, uint16 *whiteLevel, uint16 *brightness, uint16 *hue, uint16 *saturation, uint16 *contrast, uint16 *sharpness)
+VDE VDGetNumberOfInputs(short *inputs)
+VDE VDGetInputFormat(short input, short *format)
+VDE VD[SG*]etInput(short input)
+VDE VDSetInputStandard(short inputStandard)
+VDE VDSetupBuffers(VdigBufferRecListHandle bufferList)
+VDE VDGrabOneFrameAsync(short buffer)
+VDE VDDone(short buffer)
+VDE VDSetCompression(OSTypecompressType, short depth, Rect *bounds, CodecQspatialQuality, CodecQtemporalQuality, long  keyFrameRate)
+VDE VDCompressOneFrameAsync(VDC ci)
+VDE VDCompressDone(UInt8 *queuedFrameCount, Ptr *theData, long *dataSize, UInt8 *similarity, TimeRecord *t)
+VDE VDReleaseCompressBuffer(Ptr bufferAddr)
+VDE VDGetImageDescription(ImageDescriptionHandle desc)
+VDE VDResetCompressSequence(VDC ci)
+VDE VDSetCompressionOnOff(Boolean)
+VDE VDGetCompressionTypes(VDCompressionListHandle h)
+VDE VDSetTimeBase(TimeBase t)
+VDE VDSetFrameRate(Fixed framesPerSecond)
+VDE VDGetDataRate(long *milliSecPerFrame, Fixed *framesPerSecond, long *bytesPerSecond)
+VDE VDGetSoundInputDriver(Str255 soundDriverName)
+VDE VDGetDMADepths(long *depthArray, long *preferredDepth)
+VDE VDGetPreferredTimeScale(TimeScale *preferred)
+VDE VDReleaseAsyncBuffers(VDC ci)
+VDE VDSetDataRate(long  bytesPerSecond)
+VDE VDGetTimeCode(TimeRecord *atTime, void *timeCodeFormat, void *timeCodeTime)
+VDE VDUseSafeBuffers(Boolean useSafeBuffers)
+VDE VDGetSoundInputSource(long videoInput, long *soundInput)
+VDE VDGetCompressionTime(OSTypecompressionType, short depth, Rect *srcRect, CodecQ *spatialQuality, CodecQ *temporalQuality, ulong *compressTime)
+VDE VDSetPreferredPacketSize(long preferredPacketSizeInBytes)
+VDE VD[SG*]etPreferredImageDimensions(long  width, long  height)
+VDE VDGetInputName(long videoInput, Str255 name)
+VDE VDSetDestinationPort(CGrafPtr destPort)
+VDE VDGetDeviceNameAndFlags(Str255 outName, UInt32 *outNameFlags)
+VDE VDCaptureStateChanging(UInt32inStateFlags)
+VDE VDGetUniqueIDs(UInt64 *outDeviceID, UInt64 *outInputID)
+VDE VDSelectUniqueIDs(const UInt64 *inDeviceID, const UInt64 *inInputID)
+\end class VDC
+*/
+
+\class FormatQuickTimeCamera < Format
+struct FormatQuickTimeCamera : Format {
+  P<Dim> dim;
+  Pt<uint8> buf;
+  VDC vdc;
+  int m_newFrame; 
+  SeqGrabComponent m_sg;
+  SGChannel m_vc;
+  short m_pixelDepth;
+  Rect rect;
+  GWorldPtr m_srcGWorld;
+  PixMapHandle m_pixMap;
+  Ptr m_baseAddr;
+  long m_rowBytes;
+  int m_quality;
+//int m_colorspace;
+  FormatQuickTimeCamera() : vdc(0) {}
+  \decl void initialize (Symbol mode, Symbol source, String filename);
+  \decl void frame ();
+  \decl void close ();
+  \grin 0 int
+};
+
+// /System/Library/Frameworks/CoreServices.framework/Frameworks/CarbonCore.framework/Headers/Components.h
+
+static int nn(int c) {return c?c:' ';}
+
+\def void initialize (Symbol mode, Symbol source, String filename) {
+  L
+//vdc = SGGetVideoDigitizerComponent(c);
+  rb_call_super(argc,argv);
+  dim = new Dim(240,320,4);
+  OSErr e;
+  rect.top=rect.left=0;
+  rect.bottom=dim->v[0]; rect.right=dim->v[1];
+  int n=0;
+  Component c = 0;
+  ComponentDescription cd;
+  cd.componentType = SeqGrabComponentType;
+  cd.componentSubType = 0;
+  cd.componentManufacturer = 0;
+  cd.componentFlags = 0;
+  cd.componentFlagsMask = 0;
+  for(;;) {
+    c = FindNextComponent(c, &cd);
+    if (!c) break;
+    ComponentDescription cd2;
+    Ptr name=0,info=0,icon=0;
+    GetComponentInfo(c,&cd2,&name,&info,&icon);
+    gfpost("Component #%d",n);
+    char *t = (char *)&cd.componentType;
+    gfpost("  type='%c%c%c%c'",nn(t[3]),nn(t[2]),nn(t[1]),nn(t[0]));
+    t = (char *)&cd.componentSubType;
+    gfpost("  subtype='%c%c%c%c'",nn(t[3]),nn(t[2]),nn(t[1]),nn(t[0]));
+    gfpost("  name=%08x, *name='%*s'",name, *name, name+1);
+    gfpost("  info=%08x, *info='%*s'",info, *name, info+1);
+    n++;
+  }
+  gfpost("number of components: %d",n);
+  m_sg = OpenDefaultComponent(SeqGrabComponentType, 0);
+  if(!m_sg) RAISE("could not open default component");
+  e=SGInitialize(m_sg);
+  if(e!=noErr) RAISE("could not initialize SG");
+  e=SGSetDataRef(m_sg, 0, 0, seqGrabDontMakeMovie);
+  if (e!=noErr) RAISE("dataref failed");
+  e=SGNewChannel(m_sg, VideoMediaType, &m_vc);		
+  if(e!=noErr) gfpost("could not make new SG channel");
+  e=SGSetChannelBounds(m_vc, &rect);
+  if(e!=noErr) gfpost("could not set SG ChannelBounds");
+  e=SGSetChannelUsage(m_vc, seqGrabPreview);
+  if(e!=noErr) gfpost("could not set SG ChannelUsage");
+//  m_rowBytes = m_vidXSize*4;
+  switch (3) {
+    case 0: e=SGSetChannelPlayFlags(m_vc, channelPlayNormal); break;
+    case 1: e=SGSetChannelPlayFlags(m_vc, channelPlayHighQuality); break;
+    case 2: e=SGSetChannelPlayFlags(m_vc, channelPlayFast); break;
+    case 3: e=SGSetChannelPlayFlags(m_vc, channelPlayAllData); break;
+  }
+  int dataSize = dim->prod();
+  buf = ARRAY_NEW(uint8,dataSize); 
+  m_rowBytes = dim->prod(1);
+  e=QTNewGWorldFromPtr (&m_srcGWorld,k32ARGBPixelFormat,
+    &rect,NULL,NULL,0,buf,m_rowBytes);
+  if (0/*yuv*/) {
+    int dataSize = dim->prod()*2/4;
+    buf = ARRAY_NEW(uint8,dataSize); 
+    m_rowBytes = dim->prod(1)*2/4;
+    e=QTNewGWorldFromPtr (&m_srcGWorld,k422YpCbCr8CodecType,
+      &rect,NULL,NULL,0,buf,m_rowBytes);
+  }
+  if (e!=noErr) RAISE("error #%d at QTNewGWorldFromPtr",e);
+  if (!m_srcGWorld) RAISE("Could not allocate off screen");
+  SGSetGWorld(m_sg,(CGrafPtr)m_srcGWorld, NULL);
+  SGStartPreview(m_sg);
+}
+
+/*pascal Boolean pix_videoDarwin :: SeqGrabberModalFilterProc (DialogPtr theDialog, const EventRecord *theEvent, short *itemHit, long refCon){
+    Boolean	handled = false;
+    if ((theEvent->what == updateEvt) &&
+        ((WindowPtr) theEvent->message == (WindowPtr) refCon)) {
+        BeginUpdate ((WindowPtr) refCon);
+        EndUpdate ((WindowPtr) refCon);
+        handled = true;
+    } 
+     WindowRef  awin = GetDialogWindow(theDialog);
+    ShowWindow (awin);
+    SetWindowClass(awin,kUtilityWindowClass);
+    //ChangeWindowAttributes(awin,kWindowStandardHandlerAttribute,0);     	SGPanelEvent(m_sg,m_vc,theDialog,0,theEvent,itemHit,&handled);
+  //  AEProcessAppleEvent (theEvent);
+    return handled;
+}
+void pix_videoDarwin :: DoVideoSettings(){
+    Rect	newActiveVideoRect;
+    Rect	curBounds, curVideoRect, newVideoRect;
+    ComponentResult	err;
+    SGModalFilterUPP	seqGragModalFilterUPP;
+    err = SGGetChannelBounds (m_vc, &curBounds);
+    err = SGGetVideoRect (m_vc, &curVideoRect);
+    err = SGPause (m_sg, true);
+    seqGragModalFilterUPP = (SGModalFilterUPP)NewSGModalFilterUPP(SeqGrabberModalFilterProc);
+    err = SGSettingsDialog(m_sg, m_vc, 0,
+    NULL, seqGrabSettingsPreviewOnly, seqGragModalFilterUPP, (long)m_srcGWorld);
+    DisposeSGModalFilterUPP(seqGragModalFilterUPP);
+    err = SGGetVideoRect (m_vc, &newVideoRect);
+    err = SGGetSrcVideoBounds (m_vc, &newActiveVideoRect);
+    err = SGPause (m_sg, false);
+}
+*/
+
+\def void frame () {
+    GridOutlet out(this,0,dim);
+    out.send(dim->prod(),buf);
+L}
+
+\def void close () {
+  L
+  if (m_vc) {
+    if (::SGDisposeChannel(m_sg, m_vc)) RAISE("SGDisposeChannel");
+    m_vc=0;
+  }
+  if (m_sg) {
+    if (::CloseComponent(m_sg)) RAISE("CloseComponent");
+    m_sg = NULL;
+    if (m_srcGWorld) {
+	::DisposeGWorld(m_srcGWorld);
+	m_pixMap = NULL;
+	m_srcGWorld = NULL;
+	m_baseAddr = NULL;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+GRID_INLET(FormatQuickTimeCamera,0) {
+	RAISE("Unimplemented. Sorry.");
+//!@#$
+	if (in->dim->n != 3)
+		RAISE("expecting 3 dimensions: rows,columns,channels");
+	if (in->dim->get(2) != 3)
+		RAISE("expecting 3 channels (got %d)",in->dim->get(2));
+	in->set_factor(in->dim->prod());
+} GRID_FLOW {
+} GRID_FINISH {
+} GRID_END
+
+\classinfo {
+	IEVAL(rself,
+\ruby
+    install '#io:quicktimecamera',1,1
+    @comment="Apple Quicktime (CAMERA MODULE)"
+    @flags=4
+\end ruby
+);}
+\end class FormatQuickTimeCamera
+
+\class FormatQuickTimeApple < Format
+struct FormatQuickTimeApple : Format {
+	Movie movie;
+	TimeValue time;
+	short movie_file;
+	GWorldPtr gw; /* just like an X11 Image or Pixmap, maybe. */
+	Pt<uint8> buffer;
+	P<Dim> dim;
+	int nframe, nframes;
+
+	FormatQuickTimeApple() : movie(0), time(0), movie_file(0), gw(0),
+		buffer(), dim(0), nframe(0), nframes(0) {}
+	\decl void initialize (Symbol mode, Symbol source, String filename);
+	\decl void close ();
+	\decl void codec_m (String c);
+	\decl void colorspace_m (Symbol c);
+	\decl Ruby frame ();
+	\decl void seek (int frame);
+	\grin 0
+};
+
+\def void seek (int frame) {
+	nframe=frame;
+}
+
+\def Ruby frame () {
+	CGrafPtr savedPort;
+	GDHandle savedDevice;
+	SetMovieGWorld(movie,gw,GetGWorldDevice(gw));
+	Rect r;
+	GetMovieBox(movie,&r);
+	PixMapHandle pixmap = GetGWorldPixMap(gw);
+	short flags = nextTimeStep;
+	if (nframe>=nframes) return Qfalse;
+	if (nframe==0) flags |= nextTimeEdgeOK;
+	TimeValue duration;
+	OSType mediaType = VisualMediaCharacteristic;
+	GetMovieNextInterestingTime(movie,
+		flags,1,&mediaType,time,0,&time,&duration);
+	if (time<0) {
+		time=0;
+		return Qfalse;
+	}
+//	gfpost("quicktime frame #%d; time=%d duration=%d", nframe, (long)time, (long)duration);
+	SetMovieTimeValue(movie,nframe*duration);
+	MoviesTask(movie,0);
+	GridOutlet out(this,0,dim);
+	Pt<uint32> bufu32 = Pt<uint32>((uint32 *)buffer.p,dim->prod()/4);
+	int n = dim->prod()/4;
+	int i;
+	for (i=0; i<n&-4; i+=4) {
+		bufu32[i+0]=(bufu32[i+0]<<8)+(bufu32[i+0]>>24);
+		bufu32[i+1]=(bufu32[i+1]<<8)+(bufu32[i+1]>>24);
+		bufu32[i+2]=(bufu32[i+2]<<8)+(bufu32[i+2]>>24);
+		bufu32[i+3]=(bufu32[i+3]<<8)+(bufu32[i+3]>>24);
+	}
+	for (; i<n; i++) {
+		bufu32[i+0]=(bufu32[i+0]<<8)+(bufu32[i+0]>>24);
+	}
+
+	out.send(dim->prod(),buffer);
+	int nf=nframe;
+	nframe++;
+	return INT2NUM(nf);
+}
+
+GRID_INLET(FormatQuickTimeApple,0) {
+	RAISE("Unimplemented. Sorry.");
+//!@#$
+	if (in->dim->n != 3)
+		RAISE("expecting 3 dimensions: rows,columns,channels");
+	if (in->dim->get(2) != 3)
+		RAISE("expecting 3 channels (got %d)",in->dim->get(2));
+	in->set_factor(in->dim->prod());
+} GRID_FLOW {
+} GRID_FINISH {
+} GRID_END
+
+\def void codec_m      (String c) { RAISE("Unimplemented. Sorry."); }
+\def void colorspace_m (Symbol c) { RAISE("Unimplemented. Sorry."); }
+
+\def void close () {
+//!@#$
+	if (movie) {
+		DisposeMovie(movie);
+		DisposeGWorld(gw);
+		CloseMovieFile(movie_file);
+		movie_file=0;
+	}
+	rb_call_super(argc,argv);
+}
+
+\def void initialize (Symbol mode, Symbol source, String filename) {
+	int err;
+	rb_call_super(argc,argv);
+	if (source==SYM(file)) {
+		filename = rb_funcall(mGridFlow,SI(find_file),1,filename);
+		FSSpec fss;
+		FSRef fsr;
+		err = FSPathMakeRef((const UInt8 *)rb_str_ptr(filename), &fsr, NULL);
+		if (err) goto err;
+		err = FSGetCatalogInfo(&fsr, kFSCatInfoNone, NULL, NULL, &fss, NULL);
+		if (err) goto err;
+		err = OpenMovieFile(&fss,&movie_file,fsRdPerm);
+		if (err) goto err;
+	} else {
+		RAISE("usage: quicktime [file <filename> | camera bleh]");
+	}
+	NewMovieFromFile(&movie, movie_file, NULL, NULL, newMovieActive, NULL);
+	Rect r;
+	GetMovieBox(movie, &r);
+	gfpost("handle=%d movie=%d tracks=%d",
+		movie_file, movie, GetMovieTrackCount(movie));
+	gfpost("duration=%d; timescale=%d cHz",
+		(long)GetMovieDuration(movie),
+		(long)GetMovieTimeScale(movie));
+	nframes = GetMovieDuration(movie); /* i don't think so */
+	gfpost("rect=((%d..%d),(%d..%d))",
+		r.top, r.bottom, r.left, r.right);
+	OffsetRect(&r, -r.left, -r.top);
+	SetMovieBox(movie, &r);
+	dim = new Dim(r.bottom-r.top, r.right-r.left, 4);
+	SetMoviePlayHints(movie, hintsHighQuality, hintsHighQuality);
+	buffer = ARRAY_NEW(uint8,dim->prod());
+	err = QTNewGWorldFromPtr(&gw, k32ARGBPixelFormat, &r,
+		NULL, NULL, 0, buffer, dim->prod(1));
+	if (err) goto err;
+	return;
+err:
+	RAISE("can't open file `%s': error #%d (%s)", rb_str_ptr(filename),
+		err,
+		rb_str_ptr(rb_funcall(mGridFlow,SI(macerr),1,INT2NUM(err))));
+}
+
+\classinfo {
+	EnterMovies();
+IEVAL(rself,
+\ruby
+  install '#io:quicktime',1,1
+  @comment="Apple Quicktime (using Apple's)"
+  @flags=4
+  suffixes_are'mov'
+  def self.new(mode,source,filename)
+    if source==:camera then FormatQuickTimeCamera.new(mode,source,filename) else super end
+  end
+\end ruby
+);}
+\end class FormatQuickTimeApple
+void startup_quicktimeapple () {
+	\startall
+}
diff --git a/externals/gridflow/format/quicktimehw.c b/externals/gridflow/format/quicktimehw.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4ae77209
--- /dev/null
+++ b/externals/gridflow/format/quicktimehw.c
@@ -0,0 +1,244 @@
+/*
+	$Id: quicktimehw.c,v 1.1 2005-10-04 02:02:15 matju Exp $
+
+	GridFlow
+	Copyright (c) 2001,2002,2003 by Mathieu Bouchard
+
+	This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+	modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
+	as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
+	of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+
+	See file ../COPYING for further informations on licensing terms.
+
+	This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+	but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+	MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+	GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+	You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+	along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+	Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
+*/
+
+#include "../base/grid.h.fcs"
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <quicktime/quicktime.h>
+#include <quicktime/colormodels.h>
+
+#include <quicktime/lqt_version.h>
+#ifdef LQT_VERSION
+#include <quicktime/lqt.h>
+#include <quicktime/lqt_codecinfo.h>
+#endif
+
+\class FormatQuickTimeHW < Format
+struct FormatQuickTimeHW : Format {
+	quicktime_t *anim;
+	int track;
+	P<Dim> dim;
+	char *codec;
+	int colorspace;
+	int channels;
+	bool started;
+	P<Dim> force;
+	int length; // in frames
+	float64 framerate;
+	P<BitPacking> bit_packing;
+	FormatQuickTimeHW() : track(0), dim(0), codec(QUICKTIME_RAW), 
+		started(false), force(0), framerate(29.97), bit_packing(0) {}
+	\decl void initialize (Symbol mode, Symbol source, String filename);
+	\decl void close ();
+	\decl Ruby frame ();
+	\decl void seek (int frame);
+
+	\decl void _0_force_size (int32 height, int32 width);
+	\decl void _0_codec (String c);
+	\decl void _0_colorspace (Symbol c);
+	\decl void _0_parameter (Symbol name, int32 value);
+	\decl void _0_framerate (float64 f);
+	\decl void _0_size (int32 height, int32 width);
+	\grin 0 int
+};
+
+\def void _0_force_size (int32 height, int32 width) { force = new Dim(height, width); }
+\def void seek (int frame) {quicktime_set_video_position(anim,frame,track);}
+
+\def Ruby frame () {
+	int nframe = quicktime_video_position(anim,track);
+	int length2 = quicktime_video_length(anim,track);
+	if (nframe >= length) {
+//		gfpost("nframe=%d length=%d length2=%d",nframe,length,length2);
+		return Qfalse;
+	}
+	/* if it works, only do it once, to avoid silly stderr messages forgotten in LQT */
+	if (!quicktime_reads_cmodel(anim,colorspace,0) && !started) {
+		RAISE("LQT says this video cannot be decoded into the chosen colorspace");
+	}
+	int sx = quicktime_video_width(anim,track);
+	int sy = quicktime_video_height(anim,track);
+	int sz = quicktime_video_depth(anim,track);
+	channels = sz/8; // hack. how do i get the video's native colormodel ?
+	switch (sz) {
+	case 24: colorspace=BC_RGB888; break;
+	case 32: colorspace=BC_RGBA8888; break;
+	default: gfpost("strange quicktime. ask matju."); break;
+	}
+	if (force) {
+		sy = force->get(0);
+		sx = force->get(1);
+	}
+	Pt<uint8> buf = ARRAY_NEW(uint8,sy*sx*channels);
+	uint8 *rows[sy]; for (int i=0; i<sy; i++) rows[i]=buf+i*sx*channels;
+	int result = quicktime_decode_scaled(anim,0,0,sx,sy,sx,sy,colorspace,rows,track);
+	GridOutlet out(this,0,new Dim(sy, sx, channels),
+		NumberTypeE_find(rb_ivar_get(rself,SI(@cast))));
+	int bs = out.dim->prod(1);
+	out.give(sy*sx*channels,buf);
+	started=true;
+	return INT2NUM(nframe);
+}
+
+//!@#$ should also support symbol values (how?)
+\def void _0_parameter (Symbol name, int32 value) {
+	quicktime_set_parameter(anim, (char*)rb_sym_name(name), &value);
+}
+
+\def void _0_framerate (float64 f) {
+	framerate=f;
+	quicktime_set_framerate(anim, f);
+}
+
+\def void _0_size (int32 height, int32 width) {
+	if (dim) RAISE("video size already set!");
+	// first frame: have to do setup
+	dim = new Dim(height, width, 3);
+	quicktime_set_video(anim,1,dim->get(1),dim->get(0),framerate,codec);
+	quicktime_set_cmodel(anim,colorspace);
+}
+
+GRID_INLET(FormatQuickTimeHW,0) {
+	if (in->dim->n != 3)           RAISE("expecting 3 dimensions: rows,columns,channels");
+	if (in->dim->get(2)!=channels) RAISE("expecting %d channels (got %d)",channels,in->dim->get(2));
+	in->set_factor(in->dim->prod());
+	if (dim) {
+		if (!dim->equal(in->dim)) RAISE("all frames should be same size");
+	} else {
+		// first frame: have to do setup
+		dim = in->dim;
+		quicktime_set_video(anim,1,dim->get(1),dim->get(0),framerate,codec);
+		quicktime_set_cmodel(anim,colorspace);
+		quicktime_set_depth(anim,8*channels,track);
+	}
+} GRID_FLOW {
+	int sx = quicktime_video_width(anim,track);
+	int sy = quicktime_video_height(anim,track);
+	uint8 *rows[sy];
+	if (sizeof(T)>1) {
+		uint8 data2[n];
+		bit_packing->pack(sx*sy,data,Pt<uint8>(data2,n));
+		for (int i=0; i<sy; i++) rows[i]=data2+i*sx*channels;
+		quicktime_encode_video(anim,rows,track);
+	} else {
+		for (int i=0; i<sy; i++) rows[i]=data+i*sx*channels;
+		quicktime_encode_video(anim,rows,track);
+	}
+} GRID_FINISH {
+} GRID_END
+
+\def void _0_codec (String c) {
+	//fprintf(stderr,"codec = %s\n",rb_str_ptr(rb_inspect(c)));
+#ifdef LQT_VERSION
+	char buf[5];
+	strncpy(buf,rb_str_ptr(c),4);
+	for (int i=rb_str_len(c); i<4; i++) buf[i]=' ';
+	buf[4]=0;
+	Ruby fourccs = rb_ivar_get(rb_obj_class(rself),SI(@fourccs));
+	if (Qnil==rb_hash_aref(fourccs,rb_str_new2(buf)))
+		RAISE("warning: unknown fourcc '%s' (%s)",
+			buf, rb_str_ptr(rb_inspect(rb_funcall(fourccs,SI(keys),0))));
+#endif	
+	codec = strdup(buf);
+}
+
+\def void _0_colorspace (Symbol c) {
+	if (0) {
+	} else if (c==SYM(rgb))     { channels=3; colorspace=BC_RGB888; 
+	} else if (c==SYM(rgba))    { channels=4; colorspace=BC_RGBA8888;
+	} else if (c==SYM(bgr))     { channels=3; colorspace=BC_BGR888;
+	} else if (c==SYM(bgrn))    { channels=4; colorspace=BC_BGR8888;
+	} else if (c==SYM(yuv))     { channels=3; colorspace=BC_YUV888;
+	} else if (c==SYM(yuva))    { channels=4; colorspace=BC_YUVA8888;
+	} else if (c==SYM(YUV420P)) { channels=3; colorspace=BC_YUV420P;
+	} else RAISE("unknown colorspace '%s' (supported: rgb, rgba, bgr, bgrn, yuv, yuva)",rb_sym_name(c));
+}
+
+\def void close () {
+	if (anim) { quicktime_close(anim); anim=0; }
+	rb_call_super(argc,argv);
+}
+
+// libquicktime may be nice, but it won't take a filehandle, only filename
+\def void initialize (Symbol mode, Symbol source, String filename) {
+	rb_call_super(argc,argv);
+	if (source!=SYM(file)) RAISE("usage: quicktime file <filename>");
+	filename = rb_funcall(mGridFlow,SI(find_file),1,filename);
+	anim = quicktime_open(rb_str_ptr(filename),mode==SYM(in),mode==SYM(out));
+	if (!anim) RAISE("can't open file `%s': %s", rb_str_ptr(filename), strerror(errno));
+	if (mode==SYM(in)) {
+		length = quicktime_video_length(anim,track);
+		gfpost("quicktime: codec=%s height=%d width=%d depth=%d framerate=%f",
+			quicktime_video_compressor(anim,track),
+			quicktime_video_height(anim,track),
+			quicktime_video_width(anim,track),
+			quicktime_video_depth(anim,track),
+			quicktime_frame_rate(anim,track));
+/* This doesn't really work: (is it just for encoding?)
+		if (!quicktime_supported_video(anim,track))
+			RAISE("quicktime: unsupported codec: %s",
+			      quicktime_video_compressor(anim,track));
+*/
+	}
+	_0_colorspace(0,0,SYM(rgb));
+	quicktime_set_cpus(anim,1);
+	uint32 mask[3] = {0x0000ff,0x00ff00,0xff0000};
+	bit_packing = new BitPacking(is_le(),3,3,mask);
+}
+
+\classinfo {
+	IEVAL(rself,
+\ruby
+  install '#io:quicktime',1,1
+  @comment=%[Burkhard Plaum's (or HeroineWarrior's) libquicktime]
+  suffixes_are 'mov'
+  @flags=6
+  def self.info; %[codecs: #{@codecs.keys.join' '}] end
+\end ruby
+);
+
+#ifdef LQT_VERSION
+	lqt_registry_init();
+	int n = lqt_get_num_video_codecs();
+	Ruby codecs = rb_hash_new();
+	Ruby fourccs = rb_hash_new();
+	for (int i=0; i<n; i++) {
+		const lqt_codec_info_t *s = lqt_get_video_codec_info(i);
+		Ruby name = rb_str_new2(s->name);
+		Ruby f = rb_ary_new2(s->num_fourccs);
+		for (int j=0; j<s->num_fourccs; j++) {
+			Ruby fn = rb_str_new2(s->fourccs[j]);
+			rb_ary_push(f,fn);
+			rb_hash_aset(fourccs,fn,name);
+		}
+		rb_hash_aset(codecs,name,f);
+	}
+	rb_ivar_set(rself,SI(@codecs),codecs);
+	rb_ivar_set(rself,SI(@fourccs),fourccs);
+#endif
+}
+\end class FormatQuickTimeHW
+void startup_quicktimehw () {
+	\startall
+}
diff --git a/externals/gridflow/format/sdl.c b/externals/gridflow/format/sdl.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..628f71ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/externals/gridflow/format/sdl.c
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+/*
+	$Id: sdl.c,v 1.1 2005-10-04 02:02:15 matju Exp $
+
+	GridFlow
+	Copyright (c) 2001,2002,2003,2004 by Mathieu Bouchard
+
+	This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+	modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
+	as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
+	of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+
+	See file ../COPYING for further informations on licensing terms.
+
+	This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+	but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+	MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+	GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+	You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+	along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+	Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
+*/
+
+#include "../base/grid.h.fcs"
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <SDL/SDL.h>
+
+static bool in_use = false;
+
+\class FormatSDL < Format
+struct FormatSDL : Format {
+	SDL_Surface *screen;
+	P<BitPacking> bit_packing;
+	P<Dim> dim;
+	void resize_window (int sx, int sy);
+	void call ();
+	Pt<uint8> pixels () {
+		return Pt<uint8>((uint8 *)screen->pixels,
+			dim->prod(0,1)*bit_packing->bytes);
+	}
+	\decl void initialize (Symbol mode);
+	\decl void close ();
+	\grin 0 int
+};
+
+void FormatSDL::call() {
+	SDL_Event event;
+	while(SDL_PollEvent(&event)) {}
+	IEVAL(rself,"@clock.delay 20");
+}
+
+void FormatSDL::resize_window (int sx, int sy) {
+	dim = new Dim(sy,sx,3);
+	screen = SDL_SetVideoMode(sx,sy,0,SDL_SWSURFACE);
+	if (!screen)
+		RAISE("Can't switch to (%d,%d,%dbpp): %s", sy,sx,24, SDL_GetError());
+}
+
+GRID_INLET(FormatSDL,0) {
+	if (in->dim->n != 3)
+		RAISE("expecting 3 dimensions: rows,columns,channels");
+	if (in->dim->get(2) != 3)
+		RAISE("expecting 3 channels: red,green,blue (got %d)",in->dim->get(2));
+	int sxc = in->dim->prod(1);
+	int sx = in->dim->get(1), osx = dim->get(1);
+	int sy = in->dim->get(0), osy = dim->get(0);
+	in->set_factor(sxc);
+	if (sx!=osx || sy!=osy) resize_window(sx,sy);
+} GRID_FLOW {
+	int bypl = screen->pitch;
+	int sxc = in->dim->prod(1);
+	int sx = in->dim->get(1);
+	int y = in->dex / sxc;
+	assert((in->dex % sxc) == 0);
+	assert((n       % sxc) == 0);
+	if (SDL_MUSTLOCK(screen)) if (SDL_LockSurface(screen) < 0) return; //???
+	for (; n>0; y++, data+=sxc, n-=sxc) {
+		/* convert line */
+		bit_packing->pack(sx, data, pixels()+y*bypl);
+	}
+	if (SDL_MUSTLOCK(screen)) SDL_UnlockSurface(screen);
+} GRID_FINISH {
+	SDL_UpdateRect(screen,0,0,in->dim->get(1),in->dim->get(0));
+} GRID_END
+
+\def void close () {
+	IEVAL(rself,"@clock.unset");
+	in_use=false;
+}
+
+\def void initialize (Symbol mode) {
+	dim=0;screen=0;
+	rb_call_super(argc,argv);
+	if (in_use) RAISE("only one FormatSDL object at a time; sorry");
+	in_use=true;
+	if (SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_VIDEO)<0)
+		RAISE("SDL_Init() error: %s",SDL_GetError());
+	atexit(SDL_Quit);
+	resize_window(320,240);
+	SDL_PixelFormat *f = screen->format;
+	uint32 mask[3] = {f->Rmask,f->Gmask,f->Bmask};
+	switch (f->BytesPerPixel) {
+	case 1: RAISE("8 bpp not supported"); break;
+	case 2: case 3: case 4:
+		bit_packing = new BitPacking(is_le(),f->BytesPerPixel,3,mask);
+		break;
+	default: RAISE("%d bytes/pixel: how do I deal with that?",f->BytesPerPixel); break;
+	}
+	IEVAL(rself,"@clock = Clock.new self");
+}
+
+\classinfo {
+	IEVAL(rself,"install '#io:sdl',1,1;@flags=2;@comment='Simple Directmedia Layer'");
+}
+\end class FormatSDL
+void startup_sdl () {
+	\startall
+}
diff --git a/externals/gridflow/format/videodev.c b/externals/gridflow/format/videodev.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e907eaa9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/externals/gridflow/format/videodev.c
@@ -0,0 +1,544 @@
+/*
+	$Id: videodev.c,v 1.1 2005-10-04 02:02:15 matju Exp $
+
+	GridFlow
+	Copyright (c) 2001,2002,2003,2004 by Mathieu Bouchard
+
+	This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+	modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
+	as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
+	of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+
+	See file ../COPYING for further informations on licensing terms.
+
+	This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+	but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+	MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+	GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+	You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+	along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+	Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
+*/
+
+#include "../base/grid.h.fcs"
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <linux/videodev.h>
+#include <sys/ioctl.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <sys/mman.h>
+
+/* **************************************************************** */
+
+typedef video_capability VideoCapability;
+typedef video_channel    VideoChannel   ;
+typedef video_tuner      VideoTuner     ;
+typedef video_window     VideoWindow    ;
+typedef video_picture    VideoPicture   ;
+typedef video_mbuf       VideoMbuf      ;
+typedef video_mmap       VideoMmap      ;
+
+static const char *ruby_code =
+\ruby
+flags :name,:VideoTypeFlags,:start,0,:values,%w(
+	CAPTURE TUNER TELETEXT OVERLAY CHROMAKEY CLIPPING FRAMERAM
+	SCALES MONOCHROME SUBCAPTURE
+	MPEG_DECODER MPEG_ENCODER MJPEG_DECODER MJPEG_ENCODER
+)
+flags :name,:TunerFlags,:start,0,:values,%w(
+	PAL NTSC SECAM LOW NORM DUMMY5 DUMMY6 STEREO_ON RDS_ON MBS_ON
+)
+flags :name,:ChannelFlags,:start,0,:values,%w(
+	TUNER AUDIO NORM
+)
+choice :name,:VideoPaletteChoice,:start,0,:values,%w(
+	NIL GREY HI240
+	RGB565 RGB24 RGB32 RGB555
+	YUV422 YUYV UYVY YUV420 YUV411 RAW
+	YUV422P YUV411P YUV420P YUV410P
+)
+choice :name,:VideoModeChoice,:start,0,:values,%w(
+	PAL NTSC SECAM AUTO
+)
+\end ruby
+;
+
+/* **************************************************************** */
+
+/*
+#define WH(_field_,_spec_) \
+	sprintf(buf+strlen(buf), "%s: " _spec_ "; ", #_field_, self->_field_);
+#define WHYX(_name_,_fieldy_,_fieldx_) \
+	sprintf(buf+strlen(buf), "%s: y=%d, x=%d; ", #_name_, self->_fieldy_, self->_fieldx_);
+#define WHFLAGS(_field_,_table_) { \
+	char *foo; \
+	sprintf(buf+strlen(buf), "%s: %s; ", #_field_, \
+		foo=flags_to_s(self->_field_,COUNT(_table_),_table_)); \
+	delete[] foo;}
+#define WHCHOICE(_field_,_table_) { \
+	char *foo; \
+	sprintf(buf+strlen(buf), "%s: %s; ", #_field_, \
+		foo=choice_to_s(self->_field_,COUNT(_table_),_table_));\
+	delete[] foo;}
+static char *flags_to_s(int value, int n, named_int *table) {
+	char foo[256];
+	*foo = 0;
+	for(int i=0; i<n; i++) {
+		if ((value & (1<<i)) == 0) continue;
+		if (*foo) strcat(foo," | ");
+		strcat(foo,table[i].name);
+	}
+	if (!*foo) strcat(foo,"0");
+	return strdup(foo);
+}
+static char *choice_to_s(int value, int n, named_int *table) {
+	if (value < 0 || value >= n) {
+		char foo[64];
+		sprintf(foo,"(Unknown #%d)",value);
+		return strdup(foo);
+	} else {
+		return strdup(table[value].name);
+	}
+}
+*/
+
+class RStream {
+public:
+	Ruby a;
+	RStream(Ruby a) : a(a) {}
+	RStream &operator <<(/*Ruby*/ void *v) { rb_ary_push(a,(Ruby)v); return *this; }
+	RStream &operator <<(int v) { return *this<<(void *)INT2NUM(v); }
+};
+
+static void gfpost(VideoChannel *self) {
+	RStream rs(rb_ary_new());
+	rs << (void *)SYM(VideoChannel) << self->channel
+		<< (void *)rb_str_new(self->name,strnlen(self->name,32))
+		<< self->tuners << self->flags << self->type << self->norm;
+	rb_p(rs.a);
+}
+
+static void gfpost(VideoTuner *self) {
+	RStream rs(rb_ary_new());
+	rs << (void *)SYM(VideoTuner) << self->tuner
+		<< (void *)rb_str_new(self->name,strnlen(self->name,32))
+		<< self->rangelow << self->rangehigh
+		<< self->flags << self->mode << self->signal;
+	rb_p(rs.a);
+}
+
+static void gfpost(VideoCapability *self) {
+	RStream rs(rb_ary_new());
+	rs << (void *)SYM(VideoCapability)
+		<< (void *)rb_str_new(self->name,strnlen(self->name,32))
+		<< self->type
+		<< self->channels << self->audios
+		<< self->maxheight << self->maxwidth
+		<< self->minheight << self->minwidth;
+	rb_p(rs.a);
+}
+
+static void gfpost(VideoWindow *self) {
+	RStream rs(rb_ary_new());
+	rs << (void *)SYM(VideoWindow)
+		<< self->y << self->x 
+		<< self->height << self->width
+		<< self->chromakey << self->flags << self->clipcount;
+	rb_p(rs.a);
+}
+
+static void gfpost(VideoPicture *self) {
+	RStream rs(rb_ary_new());
+	rs << (void *)SYM(VideoPicture)
+		<< self->brightness << self->contrast << self->colour
+		<< self->hue << self->whiteness << self->depth << self->palette;
+	rb_p(rs.a);
+}
+
+static void gfpost(VideoMbuf *self) {
+	RStream rs(rb_ary_new());
+	rs << (void *)SYM(VideoMBuf) << self->size << self->frames;
+	for (int i=0; i<4; i++) rs << self->offsets[i];
+	rb_p(rs.a);
+}
+
+static void gfpost(VideoMmap *self) {
+	RStream rs(rb_ary_new());
+	rs << (void *)SYM(VideoMMap) << self->frame
+		<< self->height << self->width << self->format;
+	rb_p(rs.a);
+};
+
+/* **************************************************************** */
+
+\class FormatVideoDev < Format
+struct FormatVideoDev : Format {
+	VideoCapability vcaps;
+	VideoMbuf vmbuf;
+	VideoMmap vmmap;
+	Pt<uint8> image;
+	int palette;
+	int queue[8], queuesize, queuemax, next_frame;
+	int current_channel, current_tuner;
+	bool use_mmap;
+	P<BitPacking> bit_packing;
+	P<Dim> dim;
+
+	FormatVideoDev () : queuesize(0), queuemax(2), next_frame(0), use_mmap(true), bit_packing(0), dim(0) {}
+	void frame_finished (Pt<uint8> buf);
+
+	\decl void initialize (Symbol mode, String filename, Symbol option=Qnil);
+	\decl void initialize2 ();
+	\decl void close ();
+	\decl void alloc_image ();
+	\decl void dealloc_image ();
+	\decl void frame ();
+	\decl void frame_ask ();
+	\grin 0 int
+
+	\decl void _0_size (int sy, int sx);
+	\decl void _0_norm (int value);
+	\decl void _0_tuner (int value);
+	\decl void _0_channel (int value);
+	\decl void _0_frequency (int value);
+	\decl void _0_transfer (Symbol sym, int queuemax=2);
+	\decl void _0_colorspace (Symbol c);
+	\decl void _0_get        (Symbol attr=0);
+	\decl void _0_brightness (uint16 value);
+	\decl void _0_hue        (uint16 value);
+	\decl void _0_colour     (uint16 value);
+	\decl void _0_contrast   (uint16 value);
+	\decl void _0_whiteness  (uint16 value);
+};
+
+#define DEBUG(args...) 42
+//#define DEBUG(args...) gfpost
+
+#define IOCTL(_f_,_name_,_arg_) \
+	(DEBUG("fd%d.ioctl(0x%08x(:%s),0x%08x)\n",_f_,_name_,#_name_,_arg_), \
+		ioctl(_f_,_name_,_arg_))
+
+#define WIOCTL(_f_,_name_,_arg_) \
+	(DEBUG("fd%d.ioctl(0x%08x(:%s),0x%08x)\n",_f_,_name_,#_name_,_arg_), \
+	ioctl(_f_,_name_,_arg_) < 0) && \
+		(gfpost("ioctl %s: %s",#_name_,strerror(errno)),1)
+
+#define WIOCTL2(_f_,_name_,_arg_) \
+	((DEBUG("fd%d.ioctl(0x%08x(:%s),0x%08x)\n",_f_,_name_,#_name_,_arg_), \
+	ioctl(_f_,_name_,_arg_) < 0) && \
+		(gfpost("ioctl %s: %s",#_name_,strerror(errno)), \
+		 RAISE("ioctl error"), 0))
+
+#define GETFD NUM2INT(rb_funcall(rb_ivar_get(rself,SI(@stream)),SI(fileno),0))
+
+\def void _0_size (int sy, int sx) {
+	int fd = GETFD;
+	VideoWindow grab_win;
+	// !@#$ bug here: won't flush the frame queue
+	dim = new Dim(sy,sx,3);
+	WIOCTL(fd, VIDIOCGWIN, &grab_win);
+	gfpost(&grab_win);
+	grab_win.clipcount = 0;
+	grab_win.flags = 0;
+	if (sy && sx) {
+		grab_win.height = sy;
+		grab_win.width  = sx;
+	}
+	gfpost(&grab_win);
+	WIOCTL(fd, VIDIOCSWIN, &grab_win);
+	WIOCTL(fd, VIDIOCGWIN, &grab_win);
+	gfpost(&grab_win);
+}
+
+\def void dealloc_image () {
+	if (!image) return;
+	if (!use_mmap) {
+		delete[] (uint8 *)image;
+	} else {
+		munmap(image, vmbuf.size);
+		image = Pt<uint8>();
+	}
+}
+
+\def void alloc_image () {
+	if (!use_mmap) {
+		image = ARRAY_NEW(uint8,dim->prod(0,1)*bit_packing->bytes);
+		return;
+	}
+	int fd = GETFD;
+	WIOCTL2(fd, VIDIOCGMBUF, &vmbuf);
+	image = Pt<uint8>((uint8 *)
+		mmap(0,vmbuf.size,PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE,MAP_SHARED,fd,0),
+		vmbuf.size);
+	if (((int)image)<=0) {
+		image=Pt<uint8>();
+		RAISE("mmap: %s", strerror(errno));
+	}
+}
+
+\def void frame_ask () {
+	int fd = GETFD;
+	if (queuesize>=queuemax) RAISE("queue is full (queuemax=%d)",queuemax);
+	if (queuesize>=vmbuf.frames) RAISE("queue is full (vmbuf.frames=%d)",vmbuf.frames);
+	vmmap.frame = queue[queuesize++] = next_frame;
+	vmmap.format = palette;
+	vmmap.width  = dim->get(1);
+	vmmap.height = dim->get(0);
+	WIOCTL2(fd, VIDIOCMCAPTURE, &vmmap);
+	next_frame = (next_frame+1) % vmbuf.frames;
+}
+
+void FormatVideoDev::frame_finished (Pt<uint8> buf) {
+	GridOutlet out(this,0,dim,NumberTypeE_find(rb_ivar_get(rself,SI(@cast))));
+	/* picture is converted here. */
+	int sy = dim->get(0);
+	int sx = dim->get(1);
+	int bs = dim->prod(1);
+	if (palette==VIDEO_PALETTE_YUV420P) {
+		STACK_ARRAY(uint8,b2,bs);
+		for(int y=0; y<sy; y++) {
+			Pt<uint8> bufy = buf+sx*y;
+			Pt<uint8> bufu = buf+sx*sy    +(sx/2)*(y/2);
+			Pt<uint8> bufv = buf+sx*sy*5/4+(sx/2)*(y/2);
+			for (int x=0; x<sx; x++) {
+				b2[x*3+0]=bufy[x];
+				b2[x*3+1]=bufu[x/2];
+				b2[x*3+2]=bufv[x/2];
+			}
+			out.send(bs,b2);
+		}
+	} else if (bit_packing) {
+		STACK_ARRAY(uint8,b2,bs);
+		for(int y=0; y<sy; y++) {
+			Pt<uint8> buf2 = buf+bit_packing->bytes*sx*y;
+			bit_packing->unpack(sx,buf2,b2);
+			out.send(bs,b2);
+		}
+	} else {
+		out.send(sy*bs,buf);
+	}
+}
+
+static int read2(int fd, uint8 *image, int n) {
+	int r=0;
+	for (; n>0; ) {
+		int rr=read(fd,image,n);
+		if (rr<0) return rr;
+		r+=rr, image+=rr, n-=rr;
+	}
+	return r;
+}
+
+static int read3(int fd, uint8 *image, int n) {
+	int r=read(fd,image,n);
+	if (r<0) return r;
+	return n;
+}
+
+\def void frame () {
+	if (!image) rb_funcall(rself,SI(alloc_image),0);
+	int fd = GETFD;
+	if (!use_mmap) {
+		/* picture is read at once by frame() to facilitate debugging. */
+		int tot = dim->prod(0,1) * bit_packing->bytes;
+		int n = (int) read3(fd,image,tot);
+		if (n==tot) frame_finished(image);
+		if (0> n) RAISE("error reading: %s", strerror(errno));
+		if (n < tot) RAISE("unexpectedly short picture: %d of %d",n,tot);
+		return;
+	}
+	while(queuesize<queuemax) rb_funcall(rself,SI(frame_ask),0);
+	vmmap.frame = queue[0];
+	uint64 t0 = gf_timeofday();
+	WIOCTL2(fd, VIDIOCSYNC, &vmmap);
+	uint64 t1 = gf_timeofday();
+	//if (t1-t0 > 100) gfpost("VIDIOCSYNC delay: %d us",t1-t0);
+	frame_finished(image+vmbuf.offsets[queue[0]]);
+	queuesize--;
+	for (int i=0; i<queuesize; i++) queue[i]=queue[i+1];
+	rb_funcall(rself,SI(frame_ask),0);
+}
+
+GRID_INLET(FormatVideoDev,0) {
+	RAISE("can't write.");
+} GRID_FLOW {
+} GRID_FINISH {
+} GRID_END
+
+\def void _0_norm (int value) {
+	int fd = GETFD;
+	VideoTuner vtuner;
+	vtuner.tuner = current_tuner;
+	if (value<0 || value>3) RAISE("norm must be in range 0..3");
+	if (0> IOCTL(fd, VIDIOCGTUNER, &vtuner)) {
+		gfpost("no tuner #%d", value);
+	} else {
+		vtuner.mode = value;
+		gfpost(&vtuner);
+		WIOCTL(fd, VIDIOCSTUNER, &vtuner);
+	}
+}
+
+\def void _0_tuner (int value) {
+	int fd = GETFD;
+	VideoTuner vtuner;
+	vtuner.tuner = current_tuner = value;
+	if (0> IOCTL(fd, VIDIOCGTUNER, &vtuner)) RAISE("no tuner #%d", value);
+	vtuner.mode = VIDEO_MODE_NTSC; //???
+	gfpost(&vtuner);
+	WIOCTL(fd, VIDIOCSTUNER, &vtuner);
+}
+
+\def void _0_channel (int value) {
+	int fd = GETFD;
+	VideoChannel vchan;
+	vchan.channel = value;
+	current_channel = value;
+	if (0> IOCTL(fd, VIDIOCGCHAN, &vchan)) RAISE("no channel #%d", value);
+	gfpost(&vchan);
+	WIOCTL(fd, VIDIOCSCHAN, &vchan);
+	if (vcaps.type & VID_TYPE_TUNER) rb_funcall(rself,SI(_0_tuner),1,INT2NUM(0));
+}
+
+\def void _0_frequency (int value) {
+	int fd = GETFD;
+	if (0> IOCTL(fd, VIDIOCSFREQ, &value)) RAISE("can't set frequency to %d",value);
+}
+
+\def void _0_transfer (Symbol sym, int queuemax=2) {
+	if (sym == SYM(read)) {
+		rb_funcall(rself,SI(dealloc_image),0);
+		use_mmap = false;
+		gfpost("transfer read");
+	} else if (sym == SYM(mmap)) {
+		rb_funcall(rself,SI(dealloc_image),0);
+		use_mmap = true;
+		rb_funcall(rself,SI(alloc_image),0);
+		queuemax=min(queuemax,vmbuf.frames);
+		gfpost("transfer mmap with queuemax=%d (max max is vmbuf.frames=%d)"
+			,queuemax,vmbuf.frames);
+		this->queuemax=queuemax;
+	} else RAISE("don't know that transfer mode");
+}
+
+#define PICTURE_ATTR(_name_) {\
+	int fd = GETFD; \
+	VideoPicture vp; \
+	WIOCTL(fd, VIDIOCGPICT, &vp); \
+	vp._name_ = value; \
+	WIOCTL(fd, VIDIOCSPICT, &vp);}
+
+\def void _0_brightness (uint16 value) {PICTURE_ATTR(brightness)}
+\def void _0_hue      (uint16 value)   {PICTURE_ATTR(hue)}
+\def void _0_colour (uint16 value)     {PICTURE_ATTR(colour)}
+\def void _0_contrast (uint16 value)   {PICTURE_ATTR(contrast)}
+\def void _0_whiteness (uint16 value)  {PICTURE_ATTR(whiteness)}
+
+#define PICTURE_ATTR_GET(_name_) { \
+	int fd = GETFD; \
+	VideoPicture vp; \
+	WIOCTL(fd, VIDIOCGPICT, &vp); \
+	Ruby argv[3] = {INT2NUM(1), SYM(_name_), INT2NUM(vp._name_)}; \
+	send_out(COUNT(argv),argv);}
+
+\def void _0_get (Symbol attr) {
+	if (!attr) {
+		_0_get(0,0,SYM(brightness));
+		_0_get(0,0,SYM(hue       ));
+		_0_get(0,0,SYM(colour    ));
+		_0_get(0,0,SYM(contrast  ));
+		_0_get(0,0,SYM(whiteness ));
+		_0_get(0,0,SYM(frequency ));
+	} else if (attr==SYM(brightness)) { PICTURE_ATTR_GET(brightness);
+	} else if (attr==SYM(hue       )) { PICTURE_ATTR_GET(hue       );
+	} else if (attr==SYM(colour    )) { PICTURE_ATTR_GET(colour    );
+	} else if (attr==SYM(contrast  )) { PICTURE_ATTR_GET(contrast  );
+	} else if (attr==SYM(whiteness )) { PICTURE_ATTR_GET(whiteness );
+	} else if (attr==SYM(frequency )) {
+		int fd = GETFD;
+		int value;
+		WIOCTL(fd, VIDIOCGFREQ, &value);
+		{Ruby argv[3] ={INT2NUM(1), SYM(frequency), INT2NUM(value)}; send_out(COUNT(argv),argv);}
+	} else { RAISE("What you say?"); }
+}
+
+\def void close () {
+	if (image) rb_funcall(rself,SI(dealloc_image),0);
+	rb_call_super(argc,argv);
+}
+
+\def void _0_colorspace (Symbol c) {
+	if (c==SYM(RGB24)) palette=VIDEO_PALETTE_RGB24;
+	else if (c==SYM(YUV420P)) palette=VIDEO_PALETTE_YUV420P;
+	else RAISE("supported: RGB24, YUV420P");
+
+	int fd = GETFD;
+	VideoPicture *gp = new VideoPicture;
+	WIOCTL(fd, VIDIOCGPICT, gp);
+	gp->palette = palette;
+	WIOCTL(fd, VIDIOCSPICT, gp);
+	WIOCTL(fd, VIDIOCGPICT, gp);
+	//if (bit_packing) { delete bit_packing; bit_packing=0; }
+	switch(palette) {
+	case VIDEO_PALETTE_RGB24:{
+		uint32 masks[3] = { 0xff0000,0x00ff00,0x0000ff };
+		bit_packing = new BitPacking(is_le(),3,3,masks);
+	}break;
+	case VIDEO_PALETTE_YUV420P:{
+		// woops, special case already, can't do that with bit_packing
+	}
+	default:
+		RAISE("can't handle palette %d", gp->palette);
+	}
+	delete gp;
+}
+
+\def void initialize2 () {
+	int fd = GETFD;
+	VideoPicture *gp = new VideoPicture;
+/*	long flags;
+	fcntl(fd,F_GETFL,&flags);
+	flags |= O_NONBLOCK;
+	fcntl(fd,F_SETFL,&flags); */
+
+	WIOCTL(fd, VIDIOCGCAP, &vcaps);
+	gfpost(&vcaps);
+	rb_funcall(rself,SI(_0_size),2,INT2NUM(vcaps.maxheight),INT2NUM(vcaps.maxwidth));
+	WIOCTL(fd, VIDIOCGPICT, gp);
+	gfpost(gp);
+	char buf[1024] = "";
+	int n = 17 /*COUNT(video_palette_choice)*/;
+	for (int i=0; i<n; i++) {
+		gp->palette = i;
+		ioctl(fd, VIDIOCSPICT, gp);
+		ioctl(fd, VIDIOCGPICT, gp);
+		if (gp->palette == i) {
+			if (*buf) strcpy(buf+strlen(buf),", ");
+			//strcpy(buf+strlen(buf),video_palette_choice[i].name);
+			sprintf(buf+strlen(buf),"%d",i);
+		}
+	}
+	gfpost("This card supports palettes: %s", buf);
+	_0_colorspace(0,0,SYM(RGB24));
+	rb_funcall(rself,SI(_0_channel),1,INT2NUM(0));
+	delete gp;
+}
+
+\def void initialize (Symbol mode, String filename, Symbol option=Qnil) {
+	rb_call_super(argc,argv);
+	image = Pt<uint8>();
+	rb_ivar_set(rself,SI(@stream),
+		rb_funcall(rb_cFile,SI(open),2,filename,rb_str_new2("r+")));
+	rb_funcall(rself,SI(initialize2),0);
+}
+
+\classinfo {
+	IEVAL(rself,"install '#io:videodev',1,1;@flags=4;@comment='Video4linux 1.x'");
+}
+\end class FormatVideoDev
+void startup_videodev () {
+	\startall
+}
diff --git a/externals/gridflow/format/x11.c b/externals/gridflow/format/x11.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..62041f06
--- /dev/null
+++ b/externals/gridflow/format/x11.c
@@ -0,0 +1,655 @@
+/*
+	$Id: x11.c,v 1.1 2005-10-04 02:02:15 matju Exp $
+
+	GridFlow
+	Copyright (c) 2001,2002,2003 by Mathieu Bouchard
+
+	This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+	modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
+	as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
+	of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+
+	See file ../COPYING for further informations on licensing terms.
+
+	This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+	but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+	MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+	GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+	You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+	along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+	Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
+*/
+
+#include "../base/grid.h.fcs"
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+
+#include <X11/Xlib.h>
+#include <X11/Xutil.h>
+#include <X11/StringDefs.h>
+
+/* X11 Error Handler type */
+typedef int (*XEH)(Display *, XErrorEvent *);
+
+#ifdef HAVE_X11_SHARED_MEMORY
+#include <sys/ipc.h>
+#include <sys/shm.h>
+#include <X11/extensions/XShm.h>
+#endif
+
+\class FormatX11 < Format
+struct FormatX11 : Format {
+	template <class T> void frame_by_type (T bogus);
+/* at the Display/Screen level */
+	Display *display; /* connection to xserver */
+	Visual *visual;   /* screen properties */
+	Window root_window;
+	Colormap colormap; /* for 256-color mode */
+	long black,white; /* color numbers in default colormap */
+	short depth;
+	bool use_shm;	   /* should use shared memory? */
+	bool use_stripes;  /* use alternate conversion in 256-color mode */
+	
+/* at the Window level */
+	int autodraw;        /* how much to send to the display at once */
+	Window window;       /* X11 window number */
+	Window parent;       /* X11 window number of the parent */
+	GC imagegc;          /* X11 graphics context (like java.awt.Graphics) */
+	XImage *ximage;      /* X11 image descriptor */
+	char *name;          /* window name (for use by window manager) */
+	Pt<uint8> image;     /* the real data (that XImage binds to) */
+	bool is_owner;
+	int pos_x, pos_y;
+
+	P<BitPacking> bit_packing;
+	P<Dim> dim;
+	bool lock_size;
+	bool override_redirect;
+
+#ifdef HAVE_X11_SHARED_MEMORY
+	XShmSegmentInfo *shm_info; /* to share memory with X11/Unix */
+#endif
+
+	Atom wmProtocolsAtom;
+	Atom wmDeleteAtom;
+
+	FormatX11 () : use_stripes(false), 
+	autodraw(1), window(0), ximage(0), name(0), image(Pt<uint8>()), is_owner(true),
+	dim(0), lock_size(false), override_redirect(false)
+#ifdef HAVE_X11_SHARED_MEMORY
+		, shm_info(0)
+#endif
+	{}
+
+	void show_section(int x, int y, int sx, int sy);
+	void set_wm_hints (int sx, int sy);
+	void dealloc_image ();
+	bool alloc_image (int sx, int sy);
+	void resize_window (int sx, int sy);
+	void open_display(const char *disp_string);
+	void report_pointer(int y, int x, int state);
+	void prepare_colormap();
+	Window FormatX11::search_window_tree (Window xid, Atom key, const char *value, int level=0);
+
+	\decl void initialize (...);
+	\decl void frame ();
+	\decl void close ();
+	\decl void call ();
+	\decl void _0_out_size (int sy, int sx);
+	\decl void _0_draw ();
+	\decl void _0_autodraw (int autodraw);
+	\decl void _0_setcursor (int shape);
+	\decl void _0_hidecursor ();
+	\decl void _0_set_geometry (int y, int x, int sy, int sx);
+	\decl void _0_fall_thru (int flag);
+	\grin 0 int
+};
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+void FormatX11::show_section(int x, int y, int sx, int sy) {
+	if (y>dim->get(0)||x>dim->get(1)) return;
+	if (y+sy>dim->get(0)) sy=dim->get(0)-y;
+	if (x+sx>dim->get(1)) sx=dim->get(1)-x;
+#ifdef HAVE_X11_SHARED_MEMORY
+	if (use_shm) {
+		XSync(display,False);
+		XShmPutImage(display,window,imagegc,ximage,x,y,x,y,sx,sy,False);
+		/* should completion events be waited for? looks like a bug */
+	} else
+#endif
+		XPutImage(display,window,imagegc,ximage,x,y,x,y,sx,sy);
+	XFlush(display);
+}
+
+/* window manager hints, defines the window as non-resizable */
+void FormatX11::set_wm_hints (int sx, int sy) {
+	if (!is_owner) return;
+	XWMHints wmhints;
+	XTextProperty window_name, icon_name;
+	XSizeHints hints;
+	// enable recommended, maximum and minimum size
+	hints.flags=PSize|PMaxSize|PMinSize;
+	// set those
+	hints.min_width  = hints.max_width  = hints.width  = sx;
+	hints.min_height = hints.max_height = hints.height = sy;
+
+	wmhints.input = True;
+	wmhints.flags = InputHint;
+	XStringListToTextProperty((char **)&name, 1, &window_name);
+	XStringListToTextProperty((char **)&name, 1, &icon_name);
+	XSetWMProperties(display, window,
+		&window_name, &icon_name, NULL, 0, &hints, &wmhints, NULL);
+}
+
+void FormatX11::report_pointer(int y, int x, int state) {
+	Ruby argv[5] = {
+		INT2NUM(0), SYM(position),
+		INT2NUM(y), INT2NUM(x), INT2NUM(state) };
+	send_out(COUNT(argv),argv);
+}
+
+\def void call() {
+	XEvent e;
+	for (;;) {
+		int xpending = XEventsQueued(display, QueuedAfterFlush);
+		if (!xpending) break;
+		XNextEvent(display,&e);
+		switch (e.type) {
+		case Expose:{
+			XExposeEvent *ex = (XExposeEvent *)&e;
+			if (rb_ivar_get(rself,SI(@mode)) == SYM(out)) {
+				show_section(ex->x,ex->y,ex->width,ex->height);
+			}
+		}break;
+		case ButtonPress:{
+			XButtonEvent *eb = (XButtonEvent *)&e;
+			eb->state |= 128<<eb->button;
+			report_pointer(eb->y,eb->x,eb->state);
+		}break;
+		case ButtonRelease:{
+			XButtonEvent *eb = (XButtonEvent *)&e;
+			eb->state &= ~(128<<eb->button);
+			report_pointer(eb->y,eb->x,eb->state);
+		}break;
+		case KeyPress:
+		case KeyRelease:{
+			XKeyEvent *ek = (XKeyEvent *)&e;
+			//XLookupString(ek, buf, 63, 0, 0);
+			char *kss = XKeysymToString(XLookupKeysym(ek, 0));
+			char buf[64];
+			if (!kss) return; /* unknown keys ignored */
+			if (isdigit(*kss)) sprintf(buf,"D%s",kss); else strcpy(buf,kss);
+			Ruby argv[6] = {
+				INT2NUM(0), e.type==KeyPress ? SYM(keypress) : SYM(keyrelease),
+				INT2NUM(ek->y), INT2NUM(ek->x), INT2NUM(ek->state),
+				rb_funcall(rb_str_new2(buf),SI(intern),0) };
+			send_out(COUNT(argv),argv);
+			//XFree(kss);
+		}break;
+		case MotionNotify:{
+			XMotionEvent *em = (XMotionEvent *)&e;
+			report_pointer(em->y,em->x,em->state);
+		}break;
+		case DestroyNotify:{
+			gfpost("This window is being closed, so this handler will close too!");
+			rb_funcall(rself,SI(close),0);
+			return;
+		}break;
+		case ConfigureNotify:break; // as if we cared
+		case ClientMessage:{
+			// tnx to vektor&walken
+			/*
+			if (e.xclient.message_type==wmProtocolsAtom
+			&& e.xclient.format==32
+			&& (Atom)(e.xclient.data.l[0])==wmDeleteAtom) {
+				gfpost("This window is being closed, so this handler will close too!");
+				rb_funcall(rself,SI(close),0);
+				return;
+			}
+			*/
+		}break;
+		}
+	}
+	IEVAL(rself,"@clock.delay 20");
+}
+
+\def void frame () {
+	XGetSubImage(display, window,
+		0, 0, dim->get(1), dim->get(0),
+		(unsigned)-1, ZPixmap, ximage, 0, 0);
+	GridOutlet out(this,0,dim,NumberTypeE_find(rb_ivar_get(rself,SI(@cast))));
+	int sy=dim->get(0), sx=dim->get(1);
+	int bs=dim->prod(1);
+	STACK_ARRAY(uint8,b2,bs);
+	for(int y=0; y<sy; y++) {
+		Pt<uint8> b1 = Pt<uint8>(image,ximage->bytes_per_line*dim->get(0))
+			+ ximage->bytes_per_line * y;
+		bit_packing->unpack(sx,b1,b2);
+		out.send(bs,b2);
+	}
+}
+
+/* loathe Xlib's error handlers */
+static FormatX11 *current_x11;
+static int FormatX11_error_handler (Display *d, XErrorEvent *xee) {
+	gfpost("X11 reports Error: display=0x%08x",(int)d);
+	gfpost("serial=0x%08x error=0x%08x request=0x%08lx minor=0x%08x",
+		xee->serial, xee->error_code, xee->request_code, xee->minor_code);
+	current_x11->use_shm = false;
+	return 42; /* it seems that the return value is ignored. */
+}
+
+void FormatX11::dealloc_image () {
+	if (!ximage) return;
+	if (use_shm) {
+	#ifdef HAVE_X11_SHARED_MEMORY
+		shmdt(ximage->data);
+		XShmDetach(display,shm_info);
+		if (shm_info) {delete shm_info; shm_info=0;}
+		//ximage->data = new char[1]; // bogus
+		//ximage->data = 0;
+		//XDestroyImage(ximage);
+		XFree(ximage);
+		ximage = 0;
+		image = Pt<uint8>();
+	#endif	
+	} else {
+		//XDestroyImage(ximage);
+		XFree(ximage);
+		ximage = 0;
+		image = Pt<uint8>();
+	}
+}
+
+bool FormatX11::alloc_image (int sx, int sy) {
+	dim = new Dim(sy, sx, 3);
+	dealloc_image();
+	if (sx==0 || sy==0) return false;
+#ifdef HAVE_X11_SHARED_MEMORY
+	if (use_shm) {
+		shm_info = new XShmSegmentInfo;
+		ximage = XShmCreateImage(display,visual,depth,ZPixmap,0,shm_info,sx,sy);
+		if (!ximage) {
+			gfpost("shm got disabled (1), retrying...");
+			return alloc_image(sx,sy);}
+		shm_info->shmid = shmget(IPC_PRIVATE,
+			ximage->bytes_per_line*ximage->height, IPC_CREAT|0777);
+		if(shm_info->shmid < 0)
+			RAISE("ERROR: shmget failed: %s",strerror(errno));
+		ximage->data = shm_info->shmaddr =
+			(char *)shmat(shm_info->shmid,0,0);
+		image = Pt<uint8>((uint8 *)ximage->data,
+			ximage->bytes_per_line*sy);
+		shm_info->readOnly = False;
+		current_x11 = this;
+		//XSetErrorHandler(FormatX11_error_handler);
+		if (!XShmAttach(display, shm_info)) RAISE("ERROR: XShmAttach: big problem");
+		XSync(display,0); // make sure the server picks it up
+		//XSetErrorHandler(0);
+		/* yes, this can be done now. should cause auto-cleanup. */
+		shmctl(shm_info->shmid,IPC_RMID,0);
+		if (!use_shm) {
+			gfpost("shm got disabled (2), retrying...");
+			return alloc_image(sx,sy);}
+	} else
+#endif
+	ximage = XCreateImage(display,visual,depth,ZPixmap,0,0,sx,sy,8,0);
+	if (!ximage) RAISE("can't create image"); 
+	image = ARRAY_NEW(uint8,ximage->bytes_per_line*sy);
+	ximage->data = (int8 *)image;
+	int status = XInitImage(ximage);
+	if (status!=1) gfpost("XInitImage returned: %d", status);
+	return true;
+}
+
+void FormatX11::resize_window (int sx, int sy) {
+	if (sy<16) sy=16; if (sy>4096) RAISE("height too big");
+	if (sx<16) sx=16; if (sx>4096) RAISE("width too big");
+	alloc_image(sx,sy);
+	if (name) delete name;
+	name = new char[64];
+	sprintf(name,"GridFlow (%d,%d,3)",sy,sx);
+	if (window) {
+		if (is_owner && !lock_size) {
+			set_wm_hints(sx,sy);
+			XResizeWindow(display,window,sx,sy);
+		}
+	} else {
+		XSetWindowAttributes xswa;
+		xswa.do_not_propagate_mask = 0; //?
+		xswa.override_redirect = override_redirect; //#!@#$
+		window = XCreateWindow(display,
+			parent, pos_x, pos_y, sx, sy, 0,
+			CopyFromParent, InputOutput, CopyFromParent,
+			CWOverrideRedirect|CWDontPropagate, &xswa);
+		if(!window) RAISE("can't create window");
+		set_wm_hints(sx,sy);
+		if (is_owner) {
+			// fall_thru 0
+			XSelectInput(display, window,
+			  ExposureMask | StructureNotifyMask | PointerMotionMask |
+			  ButtonPressMask | ButtonReleaseMask | ButtonMotionMask |
+			  KeyPressMask | KeyReleaseMask);
+			XMapRaised(display, window);
+		} else {
+			// fall_thru 1
+			XSelectInput(display, window,
+			  ExposureMask | StructureNotifyMask);
+		}
+		imagegc = XCreateGC(display, window, 0, NULL);
+		if (visual->c_class == PseudoColor) prepare_colormap(); 
+	}
+	XSync(display,0);
+}
+
+GRID_INLET(FormatX11,0) {
+	if (in->dim->n != 3)
+		RAISE("expecting 3 dimensions: rows,columns,channels");
+	if (in->dim->get(2)!=3 && in->dim->get(2)!=4)
+		RAISE("expecting 3 or 4 channels: red,green,blue,ignored (got %d)",in->dim->get(2));
+	int sxc = in->dim->prod(1);
+	int sx = in->dim->get(1), osx = dim->get(1);
+	int sy = in->dim->get(0), osy = dim->get(0);
+	in->set_factor(sxc);
+	if (sx!=osx || sy!=osy) resize_window(sx,sy);
+	if (in->dim->get(2)!=bit_packing->size) {
+		bit_packing->mask[3]=0;
+		bit_packing = new BitPacking(bit_packing->endian,
+		  bit_packing->bytes, in->dim->get(2), bit_packing->mask);
+	}
+} GRID_FLOW {
+	int bypl = ximage->bytes_per_line;
+	int sxc = in->dim->prod(1);
+	int sx = in->dim->get(1);
+	int y = in->dex/sxc;
+	int oy = y;
+	for (; n>0; y++, data+=sxc, n-=sxc) {
+		// convert line
+		if (use_stripes) {
+			int o=y*bypl;
+			for (int x=0, i=0, k=y%3; x<sx; x++, i+=3, k=(k+1)%3) {
+				image[o+x] = (k<<6) | data[i+k]>>2;
+			}
+		} else {
+			bit_packing->pack(sx, data, image+y*bypl);
+		}
+	}
+	if (autodraw==2) show_section(0,oy,sx,y-oy);
+} GRID_FINISH {
+	if (autodraw==1) show_section(0,0,in->dim->get(1),in->dim->get(0));
+} GRID_END
+
+\def void close () {
+	if (!this) RAISE("stupid error: trying to close display NULL. =)");
+	bit_packing=0;
+	IEVAL(rself,"@clock.unset");
+	if (is_owner) XDestroyWindow(display,window);
+	XSync(display,0);
+	dealloc_image();
+	XCloseDisplay(display);
+	display=0;
+	rb_call_super(argc,argv);
+}
+
+\def void _0_out_size (int sy, int sx) { resize_window(sx,sy); }
+\def void _0_draw () { show_section(0,0,dim->get(1),dim->get(0)); }
+
+\def void _0_autodraw (int autodraw) {
+	if (autodraw<0 || autodraw>2)
+		RAISE("autodraw=%d is out of range",autodraw);
+	this->autodraw = autodraw;
+}
+
+\def void _0_setcursor (int shape) {
+	shape = 2*(shape&63);
+	Cursor c = XCreateFontCursor(display,shape);
+	XDefineCursor(display,window,c);
+	XFlush(display);
+}
+
+\def void _0_hidecursor () {
+	Font font = XLoadFont(display,"fixed");
+	XColor color; /* bogus */
+	Cursor c = XCreateGlyphCursor(display,font,font,' ',' ',&color,&color);
+	XDefineCursor(display,window,c);
+	XFlush(display);
+}
+
+void FormatX11::prepare_colormap() {
+	Colormap colormap = XCreateColormap(display,window,visual,AllocAll);
+	XColor colors[256];
+	if (use_stripes) {
+		for (int i=0; i<192; i++) {
+			int k=(i&63)*0xffff/63;
+			colors[i].pixel = i;
+			colors[i].red   = (i>>6)==0 ? k : 0;
+			colors[i].green = (i>>6)==1 ? k : 0;
+			colors[i].blue  = (i>>6)==2 ? k : 0;
+			colors[i].flags = DoRed | DoGreen | DoBlue;
+		}
+		XStoreColors(display,colormap,colors,192);
+	} else {	
+		for (int i=0; i<256; i++) {
+			colors[i].pixel = i;
+			colors[i].red   = ((i>>0)&7)*0xffff/7;
+			colors[i].green = ((i>>3)&7)*0xffff/7;
+			colors[i].blue  = ((i>>6)&3)*0xffff/3;
+			colors[i].flags = DoRed | DoGreen | DoBlue;
+		}
+		XStoreColors(display,colormap,colors,256);
+	}
+	XSetWindowColormap(display,window,colormap);
+}
+
+void FormatX11::open_display(const char *disp_string) {
+	int screen_num;
+	Screen *screen;
+
+	// Open an X11 connection
+	display = XOpenDisplay(disp_string);
+	if(!display) RAISE("ERROR: opening X11 display: %s",strerror(errno));
+
+	// btw don't expect too much from Xlib error handling.
+	// Xlib, you are so free of the ravages of intelligence...
+	XSetErrorHandler(FormatX11_error_handler);
+
+	screen   = DefaultScreenOfDisplay(display);
+	screen_num = DefaultScreen(display);
+	visual   = DefaultVisual(display, screen_num);
+	white    = XWhitePixel(display,screen_num);
+	black    = XBlackPixel(display,screen_num);
+	root_window = DefaultRootWindow(display);
+	depth    = DefaultDepthOfScreen(screen);
+	colormap = 0;
+
+	switch(visual->c_class) {
+	case TrueColor: case DirectColor: /* without colormap */
+	break;
+	case PseudoColor: /* with colormap */
+		if (depth!=8)
+			RAISE("ERROR: with colormap, only supported depth is 8 (got %d)",
+				depth);
+	break;
+	default: RAISE("ERROR: visual type not supported (got %d)",
+		visual->c_class);
+	}
+
+#ifdef HAVE_X11_SHARED_MEMORY
+	use_shm = !! XShmQueryExtension(display);
+#else
+	use_shm = false;
+#endif
+}
+
+Window FormatX11::search_window_tree (Window xid, Atom key, const char *value, int level) {
+	if (level>2) return 0xDeadBeef;
+	Window root_r, parent_r;
+	Window *children_r;
+	unsigned int nchildren_r;
+	XQueryTree(display,xid,&root_r,&parent_r,&children_r,&nchildren_r);
+	Window target = 0xDeadBeef;
+	for (int i=0; i<(int)nchildren_r; i++) {
+		Atom actual_type_r;
+		int actual_format_r;
+		unsigned long nitems_r, bytes_after_r;
+		unsigned char *prop_r;
+		XGetWindowProperty(display,children_r[i],key,0,666,0,AnyPropertyType,
+		&actual_type_r,&actual_format_r,&nitems_r,&bytes_after_r,&prop_r);
+		uint32 value_l = strlen(value);
+		bool match = prop_r && nitems_r>=value_l &&
+			strncmp((char *)prop_r+nitems_r-value_l,value,value_l)==0;
+		XFree(prop_r);
+		if (match) {target=children_r[i]; break;}
+		target = search_window_tree(children_r[i],key,value,level+1);
+		if (target != 0xDeadBeef) break;
+	}
+	if (children_r) XFree(children_r);
+	return target;
+}
+
+\def void _0_set_geometry (int y, int x, int sy, int sx) {
+	pos_x = x;
+	pos_y = y;
+	XMoveWindow(display,window,x,y);
+	resize_window(sx,sy);
+	XFlush(display);
+}
+
+\def void _0_fall_thru (int flag) {
+	if (flag) {
+		gfpost("falling through!");
+		XSelectInput(display, window,
+			ExposureMask | StructureNotifyMask);
+	} else {
+		gfpost("NOT falling through!");
+		XSelectInput(display, window,
+			ExposureMask | StructureNotifyMask |
+			PointerMotionMask |
+			ButtonPressMask | ButtonReleaseMask | ButtonMotionMask);
+	}
+	XFlush(display);
+}
+
+\def void initialize (...) {
+	int sy=240, sx=320; // defaults
+	rb_call_super(argc,argv);
+	argv++, argc--;
+	VALUE domain = argc<1 ? SYM(here) : argv[0];
+	int i;
+	if (domain==SYM(here)) {
+		open_display(0);
+		i=1;
+	} else if (domain==SYM(local)) {
+		if (argc<2) RAISE("open x11 local: not enough args");
+		char host[256];
+		int dispnum = NUM2INT(argv[1]);
+		sprintf(host,":%d",dispnum);
+		open_display(host);
+		i=2;
+	} else if (domain==SYM(remote)) {
+		if (argc<3) RAISE("open x11 remote: not enough args");
+		char host[256];
+		strcpy(host,rb_sym_name(argv[1]));
+		int dispnum = NUM2INT(argv[2]);
+		sprintf(host+strlen(host),":%d",dispnum);
+		open_display(host);
+		i=3;
+	} else if (domain==SYM(display)) {
+		if (argc<2) RAISE("open x11 display: not enough args");
+		char host[256];
+		strcpy(host,rb_sym_name(argv[1]));
+		for (int k=0; host[k]; k++) if (host[k]=='%') host[k]==':';
+		gfpost("mode `display', DISPLAY=`%s'",host);
+		open_display(host);
+		i=2;
+	} else {
+		RAISE("x11 destination syntax error");
+	}
+
+	for(;i<argc;i++) {
+		Ruby a=argv[i];
+		if (a==SYM(override_redirect)) {
+			override_redirect = true;
+		} else if (a==SYM(use_stripes)){
+			use_stripes = true;
+		} else {
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	pos_x=pos_y=0;
+	parent = root_window;
+	if (i>=argc) {
+	} else {
+		VALUE winspec = argv[i];
+		if (winspec==SYM(root)) {
+			window = root_window;
+			is_owner = false;
+		} else if (winspec==SYM(embed)) {
+			Ruby title_s = rb_funcall(argv[i+1],SI(to_s),0);
+			char *title = strdup(rb_str_ptr(title_s));
+			sy = sx = pos_y = pos_x = 0;
+			parent = search_window_tree(root_window,XInternAtom(display,"WM_NAME",0),title);
+			free(title);
+			if (parent == 0xDeadBeef) RAISE("Window not found.");
+		} else if (winspec==SYM(embed_by_id)) {
+			const char *winspec2 = rb_sym_name(argv[i+1]);
+			if (strncmp(winspec2,"0x",2)==0) {
+				parent = strtol(winspec2+2,0,16);
+			} else {
+				parent = atoi(winspec2);
+			}
+		} else {
+			if (TYPE(winspec)==T_SYMBOL) {
+				const char *winspec2 = rb_sym_name(winspec);
+				if (strncmp(winspec2,"0x",2)==0) {
+					window = strtol(winspec2+2,0,16);
+				} else {
+					window = atoi(winspec2); // huh?
+				}
+			} else {
+				window = INT(winspec);
+			}
+			is_owner = false;
+			sy = sx = pos_y = pos_x = 0;
+		}
+	}
+
+	// "resize" also takes care of creation
+	resize_window(sx,sy);
+
+	if (is_owner) {
+		wmProtocolsAtom = XInternAtom(display, "WM_PROTOCOLS", False);
+		wmDeleteAtom    = XInternAtom(display, "WM_DELETE_WINDOW", False);
+		XSetWMProtocols(display,window,&wmDeleteAtom,1);
+	}
+	
+	Visual *v = visual;
+	int disp_is_le = !ImageByteOrder(display);
+	int bpp = ximage->bits_per_pixel;
+	switch(visual->c_class) {
+	case TrueColor: case DirectColor: {
+		uint32 masks[3] = { v->red_mask, v->green_mask, v->blue_mask };
+		bit_packing = new BitPacking(disp_is_le, bpp/8, 3, masks);
+	} break;
+	case PseudoColor: {
+		uint32 masks[3] = { 0x07, 0x38, 0xC0 };
+		bit_packing = new BitPacking(disp_is_le, bpp/8, 3, masks);
+	} break;
+	}
+	IEVAL(rself,"@clock = Clock.new self; @clock.delay 0");
+}
+
+\classinfo {
+	IEVAL(rself,"install '#io:x11',1,1;@mode=6;@comment='X Window System Version 11.5'");
+}
+\end class FormatX11
+void startup_x11 () {
+	\startall
+}
diff --git a/externals/gridflow/optional/usb.c b/externals/gridflow/optional/usb.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1721d4c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/externals/gridflow/optional/usb.c
@@ -0,0 +1,358 @@
+/*
+	$Id: usb.c,v 1.1 2005-10-04 02:02:15 matju Exp $
+
+	GridFlow
+	Copyright (c) 2001,2002,2003 by Mathieu Bouchard
+
+	This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+	modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
+	as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
+	of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+
+	See file ../COPYING for further informations on licensing terms.
+
+	This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+	but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+	MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+	GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+	You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+	along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+	Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
+*/
+
+#include <usb.h>
+#include "../base/grid.h.fcs"
+
+static Ruby cUSB;
+
+struct named_int {const char *name; int v;};
+
+named_int usb_class_choice[] = {
+	{"USB_CLASS_PER_INTERFACE",0},
+	{"USB_CLASS_AUDIO",1},
+	{"USB_CLASS_COMM",2},
+	{"USB_CLASS_HID",3},
+	{"USB_CLASS_PRINTER",7},
+	{"USB_CLASS_MASS_STORAGE",8},
+	{"USB_CLASS_HUB",9},
+	{"USB_CLASS_DATA",10},
+	{"USB_CLASS_VENDOR_SPEC",0xff},
+	{0,0},
+};
+
+named_int usb_descriptor_types_choices[] = {
+	{"USB_DT_DEVICE",0x01},
+	{"USB_DT_CONFIG",0x02},
+	{"USB_DT_STRING",0x03},
+	{"USB_DT_INTERFACE",0x04},
+	{"USB_DT_ENDPOINT",0x05},
+	{"USB_DT_HID",0x21},
+	{"USB_DT_REPORT",0x22},
+	{"USB_DT_PHYSICAL",0x23},
+	{"USB_DT_HUB",0x29},
+	{0,0},
+};
+
+named_int usb_descriptor_types_sizes[] = {
+	{"USB_DT_DEVICE_SIZE",18},
+	{"USB_DT_CONFIG_SIZE",9},
+	{"USB_DT_INTERFACE_SIZE",9},
+	{"USB_DT_ENDPOINT_SIZE",7},
+	{"USB_DT_ENDPOINT_AUDIO_SIZE",9},/* Audio extension */
+	{"USB_DT_HUB_NONVAR_SIZE",7},
+	{0,0},
+};
+
+named_int usb_endpoints_choices[] = {
+	{"USB_ENDPOINT_ADDRESS_MASK",0x0f},/* in bEndpointAddress */
+	{"USB_ENDPOINT_DIR_MASK",0x80},
+	{"USB_ENDPOINT_TYPE_MASK",0x03},/* in bmAttributes */
+	{"USB_ENDPOINT_TYPE_CONTROL",0},
+	{"USB_ENDPOINT_TYPE_ISOCHRONOUS",1},
+	{"USB_ENDPOINT_TYPE_BULK",2},
+	{"USB_ENDPOINT_TYPE_INTERRUPT",3},
+	{0,0},
+};
+
+named_int usb_requests_choice[] = {
+	{"USB_REQ_GET_STATUS",0x00},
+	{"USB_REQ_CLEAR_FEATURE",0x01},
+	{"USB_REQ_SET_FEATURE",0x03},
+	{"USB_REQ_SET_ADDRESS",0x05},
+	{"USB_REQ_GET_DESCRIPTOR",0x06},
+	{"USB_REQ_SET_DESCRIPTOR",0x07},
+	{"USB_REQ_GET_CONFIGURATION",0x08},
+	{"USB_REQ_SET_CONFIGURATION",0x09},
+	{"USB_REQ_GET_INTERFACE",0x0A},
+	{"USB_REQ_SET_INTERFACE",0x0B},
+	{"USB_REQ_SYNCH_FRAME",0x0C},
+	{0,0},
+};
+
+named_int usb_type_choice[] = {
+	{"USB_TYPE_STANDARD",(0x00 << 5)},
+	{"USB_TYPE_CLASS",(0x01 << 5)},
+	{"USB_TYPE_VENDOR",(0x02 << 5)},
+	{"USB_TYPE_RESERVED",(0x03 << 5)},
+	{0,0},
+};
+
+named_int usb_recipient_choice[] = {
+	{"USB_RECIP_DEVICE",0x00},
+	{"USB_RECIP_INTERFACE",0x01},
+	{"USB_RECIP_ENDPOINT",0x02},
+	{"USB_RECIP_OTHER",0x03},
+	{0,0},
+};
+
+named_int usb_misc[] = {
+	{"USB_MAXENDPOINTS",32},
+	{"USB_MAXINTERFACES",32},
+	{"USB_MAXALTSETTING",128},
+	{"USB_MAXCONFIG",8},
+	{"USB_ENDPOINT_IN",0x80},
+	{"USB_ENDPOINT_OUT",0x00},
+	{"USB_ERROR_BEGIN",500000},
+	{0,0},
+};
+
+named_int* usb_all_defines[] = {
+	usb_class_choice,
+	usb_descriptor_types_choices,
+	usb_descriptor_types_sizes,
+	usb_endpoints_choices,
+	usb_requests_choice,
+	usb_type_choice,
+	usb_recipient_choice,
+	usb_misc,
+};
+
+#define COMMA ,
+
+//14
+#define USB_DEVICE_DESCRIPTOR(MANGLE,SEP) \
+	MANGLE(bLength)SEP\
+	MANGLE(bDescriptorType)SEP\
+	MANGLE(bcdUSB)SEP\
+	MANGLE(bDeviceClass)SEP\
+	MANGLE(bDeviceSubClass)SEP\
+	MANGLE(bDeviceProtocol)SEP\
+	MANGLE(bMaxPacketSize0)SEP\
+	MANGLE(idVendor)SEP\
+	MANGLE(idProduct)SEP\
+	MANGLE(bcdDevice)SEP\
+	MANGLE(iManufacturer)SEP\
+	MANGLE(iProduct)SEP\
+	MANGLE(iSerialNumber)SEP\
+	MANGLE(bNumConfigurations)
+
+//8
+#define USB_ENDPOINT_DESCRIPTOR(MANGLE,SEP) \
+	MANGLE(bLength)SEP\
+	MANGLE(bDescriptorType)SEP\
+	MANGLE(bEndpointAddress)SEP\
+	MANGLE(bmAttributes)SEP\
+	MANGLE(wMaxPacketSize)SEP\
+	MANGLE(bInterval)SEP\
+	MANGLE(bRefresh)SEP\
+	MANGLE(bSynchAddress)
+//	  MANGLE(extras)
+
+//9
+#define USB_INTERFACE_DESCRIPTOR(MANGLE,SEP) \
+	MANGLE(bLength)SEP\
+	MANGLE(bDescriptorType)SEP\
+	MANGLE(bInterfaceNumber)SEP\
+	MANGLE(bAlternateSetting)SEP\
+	MANGLE(bNumEndpoints)SEP\
+	MANGLE(bInterfaceClass)SEP\
+	MANGLE(bInterfaceSubClass)SEP\
+	MANGLE(bInterfaceProtocol)SEP\
+	MANGLE(iInterface)
+//        MANGLE(endpoint)
+//        MANGLE(extras)
+
+//8
+#define USB_CONFIG_DESCRIPTOR(MANGLE,SEP) \
+	MANGLE(bLength)SEP\
+	MANGLE(bDescriptorType)SEP\
+	MANGLE(wTotalLength)SEP\
+	MANGLE(bNumInterfaces)SEP\
+	MANGLE(bConfigurationValue)SEP\
+	MANGLE(iConfiguration)SEP\
+	MANGLE(bmAttributes)SEP\
+	MANGLE(MaxPower)
+//	  MANGLE(interface)
+//	  MANGLE(extras)
+
+static Ruby usb_get_endpoint (struct usb_endpoint_descriptor *self) {
+#define MANGLE(X) INT2NUM(self->X)
+	return rb_funcall(rb_const_get(cUSB,SI(Endpoint)),SI(new),8,
+		USB_ENDPOINT_DESCRIPTOR(MANGLE,COMMA));
+#undef MANGLE
+}
+
+static Ruby usb_get_interface (struct usb_interface_descriptor *self) {
+#define MANGLE(X) INT2NUM(self->X)
+	return rb_funcall(rb_const_get(cUSB,SI(Interface)),SI(new),9+1,
+		USB_INTERFACE_DESCRIPTOR(MANGLE,COMMA),
+		usb_get_endpoint(self->endpoint));
+#undef MANGLE
+}
+
+static Ruby usb_get_config (struct usb_config_descriptor *self) {
+	if (!self) {
+		fprintf(stderr,"warning: usb_get_config: null pointer\n");
+		return Qnil;
+	}
+#define MANGLE(X) INT2NUM(self->X)
+	Ruby interface = rb_ary_new();
+	for (int i=0; i<self->interface->num_altsetting; i++) {
+		rb_ary_push(interface, usb_get_interface(&self->interface->altsetting[i]));
+	}
+	return rb_funcall(rb_const_get(cUSB,SI(Config)),SI(new),8+1,
+		USB_CONFIG_DESCRIPTOR(MANGLE,COMMA), interface);
+#undef MANGLE
+}
+
+static Ruby usb_scan_bus (usb_bus *bus) {
+	Ruby rbus = rb_ary_new();
+	for (struct usb_device *dev=bus->devices; dev; dev=dev->next) {
+		struct usb_device_descriptor *devd = &dev->descriptor;
+		Ruby config = rb_ary_new();
+		for (int i=0; i<devd->bNumConfigurations; i++) {
+			rb_ary_push(config,usb_get_config(&dev->config[i]));
+		}
+#define MANGLE(X) INT2NUM(devd->X)
+		rb_ary_push(rbus, rb_funcall(rb_const_get(cUSB,SI(Device)),SI(new),14+3,
+			USB_DEVICE_DESCRIPTOR(MANGLE,COMMA),
+			rb_str_new2(dev->filename),
+			PTR2FIX(dev),
+			config));
+#undef MANGLE
+	}
+	return rbus;
+}
+
+\class USB < CObject
+class USB : public CObject {
+	usb_dev_handle *h;
+public:
+	\decl void initialize (Ruby dev);
+	\decl int close ();
+	\decl int bulk_write (int ep, String s, int timeout);
+	\decl int bulk_read (int ep, String s, int timeout);
+	\decl int claim_interface(int interface);
+	\decl int release_interface(int interface);
+	\decl int set_configuration(int configuration);
+	\decl int set_altinterface(int alternate);
+	\decl int control_msg(int requesttype, int request, int value, int index, String s, int timeout);
+	\decl int resetep(int ep);
+	\decl int clear_halt(int ep);
+	\decl int reset();
+	//\decl int get_string(int index, int langid, String s);
+	//\decl int get_string_simple(int index, String s);
+};
+
+\def void initialize (Ruby dev) {
+	Ruby ptr = rb_funcall(dev,SI(ptr),0);
+	rb_ivar_set(rself, SI(@dev), ptr);
+	h = usb_open(FIX2PTR(struct usb_device,ptr));
+	if (!h) RAISE("usb_open returned null handle");
+}
+
+\def int close () {
+	if (!h) RAISE("USB closed");
+	int r = usb_close(h);
+	h=0;
+	return r;
+}
+
+#define TRAP(stuff) int r=(stuff); if (r<0) RAISE("%s", usb_strerror()); else return r;
+
+\def int bulk_write (int ep, String s, int timeout) {
+	if (!h) RAISE("USB closed");
+	TRAP(usb_bulk_write(h, ep, rb_str_ptr(s), rb_str_len(s), timeout));}
+\def int bulk_read (int ep, String s, int timeout) {
+	if (!h) RAISE("USB closed");
+	gfpost("%d, '%s', %d",ep,rb_str_ptr(s),timeout);
+	TRAP(usb_bulk_read(h, ep, rb_str_ptr(s), rb_str_len(s), timeout));}
+\def int claim_interface(int interface) {
+	TRAP(usb_claim_interface(h, interface));}
+\def int release_interface(int interface) {
+	TRAP(usb_release_interface(h, interface));}
+\def int set_configuration(int configuration) {
+	TRAP(usb_set_configuration(h, configuration));}
+\def int set_altinterface(int alternate) {
+	TRAP(usb_set_altinterface(h, alternate));}
+\def int control_msg(int requesttype, int request, int value, int index, String s, int timeout) {
+	TRAP(usb_control_msg(h, requesttype, request, value, index, rb_str_ptr(s), rb_str_len(s), timeout));}
+\def int resetep(int ep) {
+	TRAP(usb_resetep(h, ep));}
+\def int clear_halt(int ep) {
+	TRAP(usb_clear_halt(h, ep));}
+\def int reset() {
+	TRAP(usb_reset(h));}
+/*\def int get_string(int index, int langid, String s) {
+	TRAP(usb_get_string(h, index, langid, rb_str_ptr(s), rb_str_len(s)));}*/
+/*\def int get_string_simple(int index, String s) {
+	TRAP(usb_get_string_simple(h, index, rb_str_ptr(s), rb_str_len(s)));}*/
+
+// not handled yet:
+// struct usb_string_descriptor
+// struct usb_hid_descriptor
+// void usb_set_debug(int level);
+// Device usb_device(USB dev);
+// get_string and get_string_simple (not present in libusb 0.1.4)
+
+\classinfo
+\end class USB
+
+static Ruby USB_s_new(Ruby argc, Ruby *argv, Ruby qlass) {
+	USB *self = new USB();
+	Ruby rself = Data_Wrap_Struct(qlass, 0, CObject_free, self);
+	self->rself = rself;
+	Ruby keep = rb_ivar_get(mGridFlow, rb_intern("@fobjects"));
+	rb_hash_aset(keep,rself,Qtrue); /* prevent sweeping (leak) (!@#$ WHAT??) */
+	rb_funcall2(rself,SI(initialize),argc,argv);
+	return rself;
+}
+
+#define SDEF(_class_,_name_,_argc_) \
+	rb_define_singleton_method(c##_class_,#_name_,(RMethod)_class_##_s_##_name_,_argc_)
+
+void startup_usb () {
+	cUSB = rb_define_class_under(mGridFlow, "USB", rb_cObject);
+	//rb_define_singleton_method(cUSB, "new", USB_new, 1);
+	EVAL("class Symbol; def decap; x=to_s; x[0..0]=x[0..0].downcase; x.intern end end");
+	SDEF(USB,new,-1);
+	define_many_methods(cUSB, ciUSB.methodsn, ciUSB.methods);
+#define MANGLE(X) rb_funcall(SYM(X),SI(decap),0)
+	rb_const_set(cUSB, SI(Device), rb_funcall(EVAL("Struct"),SI(new),14+3,
+		USB_DEVICE_DESCRIPTOR(MANGLE,COMMA), SYM(filename), SYM(ptr), SYM(config)));
+	rb_const_set(cUSB, SI(Endpoint), rb_funcall(EVAL("Struct"),SI(new),8,
+		USB_ENDPOINT_DESCRIPTOR(MANGLE,COMMA)));
+	rb_const_set(cUSB, SI(Interface), rb_funcall(EVAL("Struct"),SI(new),9+1,
+		USB_INTERFACE_DESCRIPTOR(MANGLE,COMMA), SYM(endpoint)));
+	rb_const_set(cUSB, SI(Config), rb_funcall(EVAL("Struct"),SI(new),8+1,
+		USB_CONFIG_DESCRIPTOR(MANGLE,COMMA), SYM(interface)));
+#undef MANGLE
+	for(int i=0; i<COUNT(usb_all_defines); i++) {
+		named_int *ud = usb_all_defines[i];
+		for(; ud->name; ud++) {
+			rb_const_set(cUSB, rb_intern(ud->name), INT2NUM(ud->v));
+		}
+	}
+	//usb_set_debug(42);
+	usb_init();
+	usb_find_busses();
+	usb_find_devices();
+	Ruby busses = rb_hash_new();
+	rb_ivar_set(cUSB, SI(@busses), busses);
+	for (usb_bus *bus=usb_get_busses(); bus; bus=bus->next) {
+		rb_hash_aset(busses,rb_str_new2(bus->dirname),usb_scan_bus(bus));
+	}
+	//IEVAL(cUSB,"STDERR.print '@busses = '; STDERR.puts @busses.inspect");
+}
+