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authorGuenter Geiger <ggeiger@users.sourceforge.net>2003-05-09 16:04:00 +0000
committerGuenter Geiger <ggeiger@users.sourceforge.net>2003-05-09 16:04:00 +0000
commit9c0e19a3be2288db79e2502e5fa450c3e20a668d (patch)
treeca97ce615e037a533304fc4660dcf372ca3b9cd6 /pd/portaudio/docs
parentef50dd62804d54af7da18d8bd8413c0dccd729b8 (diff)
This commit was generated by cvs2svn to compensate for changes in r610,
which included commits to RCS files with non-trunk default branches. svn path=/trunk/; revision=611
Diffstat (limited to 'pd/portaudio/docs')
-rw-r--r--pd/portaudio/docs/index.html60
-rw-r--r--pd/portaudio/docs/latency.html192
-rw-r--r--pd/portaudio/docs/pa_impl_guide.html197
-rw-r--r--pd/portaudio/docs/pa_impl_startstop.html190
-rw-r--r--pd/portaudio/docs/pa_tut_asio.html55
-rw-r--r--pd/portaudio/docs/pa_tut_callback.html91
-rw-r--r--pd/portaudio/docs/pa_tut_devs.html65
-rw-r--r--pd/portaudio/docs/pa_tut_explore.html42
-rw-r--r--pd/portaudio/docs/pa_tut_init.html43
-rw-r--r--pd/portaudio/docs/pa_tut_mac.html41
-rw-r--r--pd/portaudio/docs/pa_tut_mac_osx.html46
-rw-r--r--pd/portaudio/docs/pa_tut_open.html52
-rw-r--r--pd/portaudio/docs/pa_tut_oss.html46
-rw-r--r--pd/portaudio/docs/pa_tut_over.html92
-rw-r--r--pd/portaudio/docs/pa_tut_pc.html78
-rw-r--r--pd/portaudio/docs/pa_tut_run.html56
-rw-r--r--pd/portaudio/docs/pa_tut_rw.html79
-rw-r--r--pd/portaudio/docs/pa_tut_term.html47
-rw-r--r--pd/portaudio/docs/pa_tut_util.html55
-rw-r--r--pd/portaudio/docs/pa_tutorial.html46
-rw-r--r--pd/portaudio/docs/portaudio_h.txt425
-rw-r--r--pd/portaudio/docs/portaudio_icmc2001.pdfbin0 -> 50968 bytes
-rw-r--r--pd/portaudio/docs/proposals.html36
-rw-r--r--pd/portaudio/docs/releases.html339
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diff --git a/pd/portaudio/docs/index.html b/pd/portaudio/docs/index.html
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+<!doctype html public "-//w3c//dtd html 4.0 transitional//en">
+<html>
+<head>
+ <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+ <meta name="GENERATOR" content="Mozilla/4.79 [en] (Windows NT 5.0; U) [Netscape]">
+ <meta name="Author" content="Phil Burk">
+ <meta name="Description" content="PortAudio Docs, a cross platform, open-source, audio I/O library.It provides a very simple API for recording and/or playing sound using a simple callback function.">
+ <meta name="KeyWords" content="audio, tutorial, library, portable, open-source, DirectSound,sound, music, JSyn, synthesis,">
+ <title>PortAudio Docs</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+&nbsp;
+<center><table COLS=1 WIDTH="100%" BGCOLOR="#FADA7A" >
+<tr>
+<td>
+<center>
+<h1>
+PortAudio Documentation</h1></center>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table></center>
+
+<p>Copyright 2000 Phil Burk and Ross Bencina
+<br>&nbsp;
+<h3>
+<a href="portaudio_h.txt">API Reference</a></h3>
+
+<blockquote>The Application Programmer Interface is documented in "portaudio.h".</blockquote>
+
+<h3>
+<a href="pa_tutorial.html">Tutorial</a></h3>
+
+<blockquote>Describes how to write audio programs using the PortAudio API.</blockquote>
+
+<h3>
+<a href="pa_impl_guide.html">Implementation Guide</a></h3>
+
+<blockquote>Describes how to write an implementation of PortAudio for a
+new computer platform.</blockquote>
+
+<h3>
+<a href="portaudio_icmc2001.pdf">Paper Presented at ICMC2001</a> (PDF)</h3>
+
+<blockquote>Describes the PortAudio API and discusses implementation issues.
+Written July 2001.</blockquote>
+
+<h3>
+<a href="latency.html">Improving Latency</a></h3>
+
+<blockquote>How to tune your computer to achieve the lowest possible audio
+delay.</blockquote>
+
+<h3>
+<a href="proposals.html">Proposed Changes</a></h3>
+
+<blockquote>Describes API changes being considered by the developer community.
+Feedback welcome.</blockquote>
+<a href="http://www.portaudio.com/">Return to PortAudio Home Page</a>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/pd/portaudio/docs/latency.html b/pd/portaudio/docs/latency.html
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+<!doctype html public "-//w3c//dtd html 4.0 transitional//en">
+<html>
+<head>
+ <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+ <meta name="GENERATOR" content="Mozilla/4.79 [en] (Windows NT 5.0; U) [Netscape]">
+ <meta name="Author" content="Phil Burk">
+ <meta name="Description" content="Internal docs. How a stream is started or stopped.">
+ <meta name="KeyWords" content="audio, tutorial, library, portable, open-source, DirectSound,sound, music, JSyn, synthesis,">
+ <title>PortAudio Implementation - Start/Stop</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+&nbsp;
+<center><table COLS=1 WIDTH="100%" BGCOLOR="#FADA7A" >
+<tr>
+<td>
+<center>
+<h1>
+<a href="http://www.portaudio.com">PortAudio</a> Latency</h1></center>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table></center>
+
+<p>This page discusses the issues of audio latency for <a href="http://www.portaudio.com">PortAudio</a>
+. It offers suggestions on how to lower latency to improve the responsiveness
+of applications.
+<blockquote><b><a href="#what">What is Latency?</a></b>
+<br><b><a href="#portaudio">PortAudio and Latency</a></b>
+<br><b><a href="#macintosh">Macintosh</a></b>
+<br><b><a href="#unix">Unix</a></b>
+<br><b><a href="#windows">WIndows</a></b></blockquote>
+By Phil Burk, Copyright 2002 Phil Burk and Ross Bencina
+<h2>
+<a NAME="what"></a>What is Latency?</h2>
+Latency is basically longest time that you have to wait before you obtain
+a desired result. For digital audio output it is the time between making
+a sound in software and finally hearing it.
+<p>Consider the example of pressing a key on the ASCII keyboard to play
+a note. There are several stages in this process which each contribute
+their own latency. First the operating system must respond to the keypress.
+Then the audio signal generated must work its way through the PortAudio
+buffers. Then it must work its way through the audio card hardware. Then
+it must go through the audio amplifier which is very quick and then travel
+through the air. Sound travels at abous one foot per millisecond through
+air so placing speakers across the room can add 5-20 msec of delay.
+<p>The reverse process occurs when recording or responding to audio input.
+If you are processing audio, for example if you implement a software guitar
+fuzz box, then you have both the audio input and audio output latencies
+added together.
+<p>The audio buffers are used to prevent glitches in the audio stream.
+The user software writes audio into the output buffers. That audio is read
+by the low level audio driver or by DMA and sent to the DAC. If the computer
+gets busy doing something like reading the disk or redrawing the screen,
+then it may not have time to fill the audio buffer. The audio hardware
+then runs out of audio data, which causes a glitch. By using a large enough
+buffer we can ensure that there is always enough audio data for the audio
+hardware to play. But if the buffer is too large then the latency is high
+and the system feels sluggish. If you play notes on the keyboard then the
+"instrument" will feel unresponsive. So you want the buffers to be as small
+as possible without glitching.
+<h2>
+<a NAME="portaudio"></a>PortAudio and Latency</h2>
+The only delay that PortAudio can control is the total length of its buffers.
+The Pa_OpenStream() call takes two parameters: numBuffers and framesPerBuffer.
+The latency is also affected by the sample rate which we will call framesPerSecond.
+A frame is a set of samples that occur simultaneously. For a stereo stream,
+a frame is two samples.
+<p>The latency in milliseconds due to this buffering&nbsp; is:
+<blockquote><tt>latency_msec = 1000 * numBuffers * framesPerBuffer / framesPerSecond</tt></blockquote>
+This is not the total latency, as we have seen, but it is the part we can
+control.
+<p>If you call Pa_OpenStream() with numBuffers equal to zero, then PortAudio
+will select a conservative number that will prevent audio glitches. If
+you still get glitches, then you can pass a larger value for numBuffers
+until the glitching stops. if you try to pass a numBuffers value that is
+too small, then PortAudio will use its own idea of the minimum value.
+<p>PortAudio decides on the minimum number of buffers in a conservative
+way based on the frameRate, operating system and other variables. You can
+query the value that PortAudio will use by calling:
+<blockquote><tt>int Pa_GetMinNumBuffers( int framesPerBuffer, double sampleRate
+);</tt></blockquote>
+On some systems you can override the PortAudio minimum if you know your
+system can handle a lower value. You do this by setting an environment
+variable called PA_MIN_LATENCY_MSEC which is read by PortAudio when it
+starts up. This is supported on the PortAudio implementations for Windows
+MME, Windows DirectSound, and Unix OSS.
+<h2>
+<a NAME="macintosh"></a>Macintosh</h2>
+The best thing you can do to improve latency on Mac OS 8 and 9 is to turn
+off Virtual Memory. PortAudio V18 will detect that Virtual Memory is turned
+off and use a very low latency.
+<p>For Mac OS X the latency is very low because Apple Core Audio is so
+well written. You can set the PA_MIN_LATENCY_MSEC variable using:
+<blockquote><tt>setenv PA_MIN_LATENCY_MSEC 4</tt></blockquote>
+
+<h2>
+<a NAME="unix"></a>Unix</h2>
+PortAudio under Unix currently uses a backgroud thread that reads and writes
+to OSS. This gives you decent but not great latency. But if you raise the
+priority of the background thread to a very priority then you can get under
+10 milliseconds latency. In order to raise your priority you must run the
+PortAudio program as root! You must also set PA_MIN_LATENCY_MSEC using
+the appropriate command for your shell.
+<h2>
+<a NAME="windows"></a>Windows</h2>
+Latency under Windows is a complex issue because of all the alternative
+operating system versions and device drivers. I have seen latency range
+from 8 milliseconds to 400 milliseconds. The worst case is when using Windows
+NT. Windows 98 is a little better, and Windows XP can be quite good if
+properly tuned.
+<p>The underlying audio API also makes a lot of difference. If the audio
+device has its own DirectSound driver then DirectSound can often provide
+better latency than WMME. But if a real DirectSound driver is not available
+for your device then it is emulated using WMME and the latency can be very
+high. That's where I saw the 400 millisecond latency. The ASIO implementation
+is generally very good and will give the lowest latency if available.
+<p>You can set the PA_MIN_LATENCY_MSEC variable to 50, for example, by
+entering in MS-DOS:
+<blockquote><tt>set PA_MIN_LATENCY_MSEC=50</tt></blockquote>
+If you enter this in a DOS window then you must run the PortAudio program
+from that same window for the variable to have an effect. You can add that
+line to your C:\AUTOEXEC.BAT file and reboot if you want it to affect any
+PortAudio based program.
+<p>For Windows XP, you can set environment variables as follows:
+<ol>
+<li>
+Select "Control Panel" from the "Start Menu".</li>
+
+<li>
+Launch the "System" Control Panel</li>
+
+<li>
+Click on the "Advanced" tab.</li>
+
+<li>
+Click on the "Environment Variables" button.</li>
+
+<li>
+Click "New" button under&nbsp; User Variables.</li>
+
+<li>
+Enter PA_MIN_LATENCY_MSEC for the name and some optimistic number for the
+value.</li>
+
+<li>
+Click OK, OK, OK.</li>
+</ol>
+
+<h3>
+Improving Latency on Windows</h3>
+There are several steps you can take to improve latency under windows.
+<ol>
+<li>
+Avoid reading or writng to disk when doing audio.</li>
+
+<li>
+Turn off all automated background tasks such as email clients, virus scanners,
+backup programs, FTP servers, web servers, etc. when doing audio.</li>
+
+<li>
+Disconnect from the network to prevent network traffic from interrupting
+your CPU.</li>
+</ol>
+<b>Important: </b>Windows XP users can also tune the OS to favor background
+tasks, such as audio, over foreground tasks, such as word processing. I
+lowered my latency from 40 to 10 milliseconds using this simple technique.
+<ol>
+<li>
+Select "Control Panel" from the "Start Menu".</li>
+
+<li>
+Launch the "System" Control Panel</li>
+
+<li>
+Click on the "Advanced" tab.</li>
+
+<li>
+Click on the "Settings" button in the Performance area.</li>
+
+<li>
+Click on the "Advanced" tab.</li>
+
+<li>
+Select "Background services" in the Processor Scheduling area.</li>
+
+<li>
+Click OK, OK.</li>
+</ol>
+Please let us know if you have others sugestions for lowering latency.
+<br>&nbsp;
+<br>&nbsp;
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/pd/portaudio/docs/pa_impl_guide.html b/pd/portaudio/docs/pa_impl_guide.html
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+<!doctype html public "-//w3c//dtd html 4.0 transitional//en">
+<html>
+<head>
+ <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+ <meta name="GENERATOR" content="Mozilla/4.79 [en] (Windows NT 5.0; U) [Netscape]">
+ <meta name="Author" content="Phil Burk">
+ <meta name="Description" content="Internal docs. How a stream is started or stopped.">
+ <meta name="KeyWords" content="audio, tutorial, library, portable, open-source, DirectSound,sound, music, JSyn, synthesis,">
+ <title>PortAudio Implementation - Start/Stop</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+&nbsp;
+<center><table COLS=1 WIDTH="100%" BGCOLOR="#FADA7A" >
+<tr>
+<td>
+<center>
+<h1>
+<a href="http://www.portaudio.com">PortAudio</a> Implementation Guide</h1></center>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table></center>
+
+<p>This document describes how to implement the PortAudio API on a new
+computer platform. Implementing PortAudio on a new platform, makes it possible
+to port many existing audio applications to that platform.
+<p>By Phil Burk
+<br>Copyright 2000 Phil Burk and Ross Bencina
+<p>Note that the license says: <b>"Any person wishing to distribute modifications
+to the Software is requested to send the modifications to the original
+developer so that they can be incorporated into the canonical version."</b>.
+So when you have finished a new implementation, please send it back to
+us at&nbsp; "<a href="http://www.portaudio.com">http://www.portaudio.com</a>"
+so that we can make it available for other users. Thank you!
+<h2>
+Download the Latest PortAudio Implementation</h2>
+Always start with the latest implementation available at "<a href="http://www.portaudio.com">http://www.portaudio.com</a>".
+Look for the nightly snapshot under the CVS section.
+<h2>
+Select an Existing Implementation as a Basis</h2>
+The fastest way to get started is to take an existing implementation and
+translate it for your new platform. Choose an implementation whose architecture
+is as close as possible to your target.
+<ul>
+<li>
+DirectSound Implementation - pa_win_ds - Uses a timer callback for the
+background "thread". Polls a circular buffer and writes blocks of data
+to keep it full.</li>
+
+<li>
+Windows MME - pa_win_wmme - Spawns an actual Win32 thread. Writes blocks
+of data to the HW device and waits for events that signal buffer completion.</li>
+
+<li>
+Linux OSS - pa_linux - Spawns a real thread that writes to the "/dev/dsp"
+stream using blocking I/O calls.</li>
+</ul>
+When you write a new implementation, you will be using some code that is
+in common with all implementations. This code is in the folder "pa_common".
+It provides various functions such as parameter checking, error code to
+text conversion, sample format conversion, clipping and dithering, etc.
+<p>The code that you write will go into a separate folder called "pa_{os}_{api}".
+For example, code specific to the DirectSound interface for Windows goes
+in "pa_win_ds".
+<h2>
+Read Docs and Code</h2>
+Famialiarize yourself with the system by reading the documentation provided.
+here is a suggested order:
+<ol>
+<li>
+User Programming <a href="pa_tutorial.html">Tutorial</a></li>
+
+<li>
+Header file "pa_common/portaudio.h" which defines API.</li>
+
+<li>
+Header file "pa_common/pa_host.h" for host dependant code. This definces
+the routine you will need to provide.</li>
+
+<li>
+Shared code in "pa_common/pa_lib.c".</li>
+
+<li>
+Docs on Implementation of <a href="pa_impl_startstop.html">Start/Stop</a>
+code.</li>
+</ol>
+
+<h2>
+Implement&nbsp; Output to Default Device</h2>
+Now we are ready to crank some code. For instant gratification, let's try
+to play a sine wave.
+<ol>
+<li>
+Link the test program "pa_tests/patest_sine.c" with the file "pa_lib.c"
+and the implementation specific file you are creating.</li>
+
+<li>
+For now, just stub out the device query code and the audio input code.</li>
+
+<li>
+Modify PaHost_OpenStream() to open your default target device and get everything
+setup.</li>
+
+<li>
+Modify PaHost_StartOutput() to start playing audio.</li>
+
+<li>
+Modify PaHost_StopOutput() to stop audio.</li>
+
+<li>
+Modify PaHost_CloseStream() to clean up. Free all memory that you allocated
+in PaHost_OpenStream().</li>
+
+<li>
+Keep cranking until you can play a sine wave using "patest_sine.c".</li>
+
+<li>
+Once that works, try "patest_pink.c", "patest_clip.c", "patest_sine8.c".</li>
+
+<li>
+To test your Open and Close code, try "patest_many.c".</li>
+
+<li>
+Now test to make sure that the three modes of stopping are properly supported
+by running "patest_stop.c".</li>
+
+<li>
+Test your implementation of time stamping with "patest_sync.c".</li>
+</ol>
+
+<h2>
+Implement Device Queries</h2>
+Now that output is working, lets implement the code for querying what devices
+are available to the user. Run "pa_tests/pa_devs.c". It should print all
+of the devices available and their characteristics.
+<h2>
+Implement Input</h2>
+Implement audio input and test it with:
+<ol>
+<li>
+patest_record.c - record in half duplex, play back as recorded.</li>
+
+<li>
+patest_wire.c - full duplex, copies input to output. Note that some HW
+may not support full duplex.</li>
+
+<li>
+patest_fuzz.c - plug in your guitar and get a feel for why latency is an
+important issue in computer music.</li>
+
+<li>
+paqa_devs.c - try to open every device and use it with every possible format</li>
+</ol>
+
+<h2>
+Debugging Tools</h2>
+You generally cannot use printf() calls to debug real-time processes because
+they disturb the timing. Also calling printf() from your background thread
+or interrupt could crash the machine. So PA includes a tool for capturing
+events and storing the information while it is running. It then prints
+the events when Pa_Terminate() is called.
+<ol>
+<li>
+To enable trace mode, change TRACE_REALTIME_EVENTS in "pa_common/pa_trace.h"
+from a (0) to a (1).</li>
+
+<li>
+Link with "pa_common/pa_trace.c".</li>
+
+<li>
+Add trace messages to your code by calling:</li>
+
+<br><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp; void AddTraceMessage( char *msg, int data );</tt>
+<br><tt>for example</tt>
+<br><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp; AddTraceMessage("Pa_TimeSlice: past_NumCallbacks ",
+past->past_NumCallbacks );</tt>
+<li>
+Run your program. You will get a dump of events at the end.</li>
+
+<li>
+You can leave the trace messages in your code. They will turn to NOOPs
+when you change TRACE_REALTIME_EVENTS back to (0).</li>
+</ol>
+
+<h2>
+Delivery</h2>
+Please send your new code along with notes on the implementation back to
+us at "<a href="http://www.portaudio.com">http://www.portaudio.com</a>".
+We will review the implementation and post it with your name. If you had
+to make any modifications to the code in "pa_common" or "pa_tests" <b>please</b>
+send us those modifications and your notes. We will try to merge your changes
+so that the "pa_common" code works with <b>all</b> implementations.
+<p>If you have suggestions for how to make future implementations easier,
+please let us know.
+<br>THANKS!
+<br>&nbsp;
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/pd/portaudio/docs/pa_impl_startstop.html b/pd/portaudio/docs/pa_impl_startstop.html
new file mode 100644
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+<!doctype html public "-//w3c//dtd html 4.0 transitional//en">
+<html>
+<head>
+ <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+ <meta name="GENERATOR" content="Mozilla/4.75 [en]C-gatewaynet (Win98; U) [Netscape]">
+ <meta name="Author" content="Phil Burk">
+ <meta name="Description" content="Internal docs. How a stream is started or stopped.">
+ <meta name="KeyWords" content="audio, tutorial, library, portable, open-source, DirectSound,sound, music, JSyn, synthesis,">
+ <title>PortAudio Implementation - Start/Stop</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+&nbsp;
+<center><table COLS=1 WIDTH="100%" BGCOLOR="#FADA7A" >
+<tr>
+<td>
+<center>
+<h1>
+PortAudio Implementation</h1></center>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table></center>
+
+<h2>
+Starting and Stopping Streams</h2>
+PortAudio is generally executed in two "threads". The foreground thread
+is the application thread. The background "thread" may be implemented as
+an actual thread, an interrupt handler, or a callback from a timer thread.
+<p>There are three ways that PortAudio can stop a stream. In each case
+we look at the sequence of events and the messages sent between the two
+threads. The following variables are contained in the internalPortAudioStream.
+<blockquote><tt>int&nbsp;&nbsp; past_IsActive;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+/* Background is still playing. */</tt>
+<br><tt>int&nbsp;&nbsp; past_StopSoon;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; /* Stop
+when last buffer done. */</tt>
+<br><tt>int&nbsp;&nbsp; past_StopNow;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; /*
+Stop IMMEDIATELY. */</tt></blockquote>
+
+<h3>
+Pa_AbortStream()</h3>
+This function causes the background thread to terminate as soon as possible
+and audio I/O to stop abruptly.
+<br>&nbsp;
+<table BORDER COLS=2 WIDTH="60%" >
+<tr>
+<td><b>Foreground Thread</b></td>
+
+<td><b>Background Thread</b></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td>sets <tt>StopNow</tt></td>
+
+<td></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td></td>
+
+<td>sees <tt>StopNow</tt>,&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td></td>
+
+<td>clears IsActive, stops thread</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td>waits for thread to exit</td>
+
+<td></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td>turns off audio I/O</td>
+
+<td></td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<h3>
+Pa_StopStream()</h3>
+This function stops the user callback function from being called and then
+waits for all audio data written to the output buffer to be played. In
+a system with very low latency, you may not hear any difference between
+<br>&nbsp;
+<table BORDER COLS=2 WIDTH="60%" >
+<tr>
+<td><b>Foreground Thread</b></td>
+
+<td><b>Background Thread</b></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td>sets StopSoon</td>
+
+<td></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td></td>
+
+<td>stops calling user callback</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td></td>
+
+<td>continues until output buffer empty</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td></td>
+
+<td>clears IsActive, stops thread</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td>waits for thread to exit</td>
+
+<td></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td>turns off audio I/O</td>
+
+<td></td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<h3>
+User callback returns one.</h3>
+If the user callback returns one then the user callback function will no
+longer be called. Audio output will continue until all audio data written
+to the output buffer has been played. Then the audio I/O is stopped, the
+background thread terminates, and the stream becomes inactive.
+<br>&nbsp;
+<table BORDER COLS=2 WIDTH="60%" >
+<tr>
+<td><b>Foreground Thread</b></td>
+
+<td><b>Background Thread</b></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td></td>
+
+<td>callback returns 1</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td></td>
+
+<td>sets StopSoon</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td></td>
+
+<td>stops calling user callback</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td></td>
+
+<td>continues until output buffer empty</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td></td>
+
+<td>clears IsActive, stops thread</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td>waits for thread to exit</td>
+
+<td></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td>turns off audio I/O</td>
+
+<td></td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<br>&nbsp;
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/pd/portaudio/docs/pa_tut_asio.html b/pd/portaudio/docs/pa_tut_asio.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1c3e5bfa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pd/portaudio/docs/pa_tut_asio.html
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+<!doctype html public "-//w3c//dtd html 4.0 transitional//en">
+<html>
+<head>
+ <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+ <meta name="GENERATOR" content="Mozilla/4.77 [en]C-gatewaynet (Win98; U) [Netscape]">
+ <meta name="Author" content="Phil Burk">
+ <meta name="Description" content="Tutorial for PortAudio, a cross platform, open-source, audio I/O library.It provides a very simple API for recording and/or playing sound using a simple callback function.">
+ <meta name="KeyWords" content="audio, tutorial, library, portable, open-source, DirectSound,sound, music, JSyn, synthesis,">
+ <title>PortAudio Tutorial</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+&nbsp;
+<center><table COLS=1 WIDTH="100%" BGCOLOR="#FADA7A" >
+<tr>
+<td>
+<center>
+<h1>
+PortAudio Tutorial</h1></center>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table></center>
+
+<h2>
+Compiling for ASIO (Windows or Macintosh)</h2>
+
+<blockquote>ASIO is a low latency audio API from Steinberg. To compile
+an ASIO application, you must first <a href="http://www.steinberg.net/developers/ASIO2SDKAbout.phtml">download
+the ASIO SDK</a> from Steinberg. You also need to obtain ASIO drivers for
+your audio device.
+<p>Note: I am using '/' as a file separator below. On Macintosh replace
+'/' with ':'. On Windows, replace '/' with '\'.
+<p>&nbsp;To use ASIO with the PortAudio library add the following source
+files to your project:
+<blockquote>
+<pre>pa_asio/pa_asio.cpp</pre>
+</blockquote>
+and also these files from the ASIO SDK:
+<blockquote>
+<pre>common/asio.cpp
+host/asiodrivers.cpp
+host/asiolist.cpp</pre>
+</blockquote>
+and add these directories to the path for include files
+<blockquote>
+<pre>asiosdk2/host/pc&nbsp;&nbsp; (for Windows)
+asiosdk2/common
+asiosdk2/host</pre>
+</blockquote>
+You may try compiling the "pa_tests/patest_saw.c" file first because it
+is the simplest.</blockquote>
+<font size=+2><a href="http://www.portaudio.com/">home</a> |
+<a href="pa_tutorial.html">contents</a>
+| <a href="pa_tut_over.html">previous</a> |&nbsp; <a href="pa_tut_callback.html">next</a></font>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/pd/portaudio/docs/pa_tut_callback.html b/pd/portaudio/docs/pa_tut_callback.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f5ccaf0f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pd/portaudio/docs/pa_tut_callback.html
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+<!doctype html public "-//w3c//dtd html 4.0 transitional//en">
+<html>
+<head>
+ <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+ <meta name="GENERATOR" content="Mozilla/4.77 [en]C-gatewaynet (Win98; U) [Netscape]">
+ <meta name="Author" content="Phil Burk">
+ <meta name="Description" content="Tutorial for PortAudio, a cross platform, open-source, audio I/O library.It provides a very simple API for recording and/or playing sound using a simple callback function.">
+ <meta name="KeyWords" content="audio, tutorial, library, portable, open-source, DirectSound,sound, music, JSyn, synthesis,">
+ <title>PortAudio Tutorial</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+&nbsp;
+<center><table COLS=1 WIDTH="100%" BGCOLOR="#FADA7A" >
+<tr>
+<td>
+<center>
+<h1>
+PortAudio Tutorial</h1></center>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table></center>
+
+<h2>
+Writing a Callback Function</h2>
+
+<blockquote>To write a program using PortAudio, you must include the "portaudio.h"
+include file. You may wish to read "<a href="portaudio_h.txt">portaudio.h</a>"
+because it contains a complete description of the PortAudio functions and
+constants.
+<blockquote>
+<pre>#include "portaudio.h"</pre>
+</blockquote>
+The next task is to write your custom callback function. It is a function
+that is called by the PortAudio engine whenever it has captured audio data,
+or when it needs more audio data for output.
+<p>Your callback function is often called by an interrupt, or low level
+process so you should not do any complex system activities like allocating
+memory, or reading or writing files, or printf(). Just crunch numbers and
+generate audio signals. What is safe or not safe will vary from platform
+to platform. On the Macintosh, for example, you can only call "interrupt
+safe" routines. Also do not call any PortAudio functions in the callback
+except for Pa_StreamTime() and Pa_GetCPULoad().
+<p>Your callback function must return an int and accept the exact parameters
+specified in this typedef:
+<blockquote>
+<pre>typedef int (PortAudioCallback)(
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; void *inputBuffer, void *outputBuffer,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; unsigned long framesPerBuffer,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; PaTimestamp outTime, void *userData );</pre>
+</blockquote>
+Here is an example callback function from the test file "patests/patest_saw.c".
+It calculates a simple left and right sawtooth signal and writes it to
+the output buffer. Notice that in this example, the signals are of <tt>float</tt>
+data type. The signals must be between -1.0 and +1.0. You can also use
+16 bit integers or other formats which are specified during setup. You
+can pass a pointer to your data structure through PortAudio which will
+appear as <tt>userData</tt>.
+<blockquote>
+<pre>int patestCallback(&nbsp; void *inputBuffer, void *outputBuffer,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; unsigned long framesPerBuffer,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; PaTimestamp outTime, void *userData )
+{
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; unsigned int i;
+/* Cast data passed through stream to our structure type. */
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; paTestData *data = (paTestData*)userData;
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; float *out = (float*)outputBuffer;
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; for( i=0; i&lt;framesPerBuffer; i++ )
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; {
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; /* Stereo channels are interleaved. */
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *out++ = data->left_phase;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; /* left */
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *out++ = data->right_phase;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; /* right */
+
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; /* Generate simple sawtooth phaser that ranges between -1.0 and 1.0. */
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; data->left_phase += 0.01f;
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; /* When signal reaches top, drop back down. */
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; if( data->left_phase >= 1.0f ) data->left_phase -= 2.0f;
+
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; /* higher pitch so we can distinguish left and right. */
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; data->right_phase += 0.03f;&nbsp;
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; if( data->right_phase >= 1.0f ) data->right_phase -= 2.0f;
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; }
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; return 0;
+}</pre>
+</blockquote>
+</blockquote>
+<font size=+2><a href="http://www.portaudio.com/">home</a> |
+<a href="pa_tutorial.html">contents</a>
+| <a href="pa_tut_over.html">previous</a> |&nbsp; <a href="pa_tut_init.html">next</a></font>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/pd/portaudio/docs/pa_tut_devs.html b/pd/portaudio/docs/pa_tut_devs.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1756992c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pd/portaudio/docs/pa_tut_devs.html
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+<!doctype html public "-//w3c//dtd html 4.0 transitional//en">
+<html>
+<head>
+ <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+ <meta name="GENERATOR" content="Mozilla/4.75 [en]C-gatewaynet (Win98; U) [Netscape]">
+ <meta name="Author" content="Phil Burk">
+ <meta name="Description" content="Tutorial for PortAudio, a cross platform, open-source, audio I/O library.It provides a very simple API for recording and/or playing sound using a simple callback function.">
+ <meta name="KeyWords" content="audio, tutorial, library, portable, open-source, DirectSound,sound, music, JSyn, synthesis,">
+ <title>PortAudio Tutorial</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+&nbsp;
+<center><table COLS=1 WIDTH="100%" BGCOLOR="#FADA7A" >
+<tr>
+<td>
+<center>
+<h1>
+PortAudio Tutorial</h1></center>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table></center>
+
+<h2>
+Querying for Available Devices</h2>
+
+<blockquote>There are often several different audio devices available in
+a computer with different capabilities. They can differ in the sample rates
+supported, bit widths, etc. PortAudio provides a simple way to query for
+the available devices, and then pass the selected device to Pa_OpenStream().
+For an example, see the file "pa_tests/pa_devs.c".
+<p>To determine the number of devices:
+<blockquote>
+<pre>numDevices = Pa_CountDevices();</pre>
+</blockquote>
+You can then query each device in turn by calling Pa_GetDeviceInfo() with
+an index.
+<blockquote>
+<pre>for( i=0; i&lt;numDevices; i++ ) {
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; pdi = Pa_GetDeviceInfo( i );</pre>
+</blockquote>
+It will return a pointer to a <tt>PaDeviceInfo</tt> structure which is
+defined as:
+<blockquote>
+<pre>typedef struct{
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; int structVersion;&nbsp;
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; const char *name;
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; int maxInputChannels;
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; int maxOutputChannels;
+/* Number of discrete rates, or -1 if range supported. */
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; int numSampleRates;
+/* Array of supported sample rates, or {min,max} if range supported. */
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; const double *sampleRates;
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; PaSampleFormat nativeSampleFormat;
+}PaDeviceInfo;</pre>
+</blockquote>
+If the device supports a continuous range of sample rates, then numSampleRates
+will equal -1, and the sampleRates array will have two values, the minimum&nbsp;
+and maximum rate.
+<p>The device information is allocated by Pa_Initialize() and freed by
+Pa_Terminate() so you do not have to free() the structure returned by Pa_GetDeviceInfo().</blockquote>
+<font size=+2><a href="http://www.portaudio.com/">home</a> |
+<a href="pa_tutorial.html">contents</a>
+| <a href="pa_tut_util.html">previous</a> |&nbsp; <a href="pa_tut_rw.html">next</a></font>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/pd/portaudio/docs/pa_tut_explore.html b/pd/portaudio/docs/pa_tut_explore.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..91c08a5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pd/portaudio/docs/pa_tut_explore.html
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+<!doctype html public "-//w3c//dtd html 4.0 transitional//en">
+<html>
+<head>
+ <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+ <meta name="GENERATOR" content="Mozilla/4.73 [en]C-gatewaynet (Win98; U) [Netscape]">
+ <meta name="Author" content="Phil Burk">
+ <meta name="Description" content="Tutorial for PortAudio, a cross platform, open-source, audio I/O library.It provides a very simple API for recording and/or playing sound using a simple callback function.">
+ <meta name="KeyWords" content="audio, tutorial, library, portable, open-source, DirectSound,sound, music, JSyn, synthesis,">
+ <title>PortAudio Tutorial</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+&nbsp;
+<center><table COLS=1 WIDTH="100%" BGCOLOR="#FADA7A" >
+<tr>
+<td>
+<center>
+<h1>
+PortAudio Tutorial</h1></center>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table></center>
+
+<h2>
+Exploring PortAudio</h2>
+
+<blockquote>Now that you have a good idea of how PortAudio works, you can
+try out the test programs.
+<ul>
+<li>
+For an example of playing a sine wave, see "pa_tests/patest_sine.c".</li>
+
+<li>
+For an example of recording and playing back a sound, see&nbsp; "pa_tests/patest_record.c".</li>
+</ul>
+I also encourage you to examine the source for the PortAudio libraries.
+If you have suggestions on ways to improve them, please let us know. if
+you want to implement PortAudio on a new platform, please let us know as
+well so we can coordinate people's efforts.</blockquote>
+<font size=+2><a href="http://www.portaudio.com/">home</a> | <a href="pa_tutorial.html">contents</a>
+| <a href="pa_tut_rw.html">previous</a> |&nbsp; next</font>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/pd/portaudio/docs/pa_tut_init.html b/pd/portaudio/docs/pa_tut_init.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..91bfa8d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pd/portaudio/docs/pa_tut_init.html
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<!doctype html public "-//w3c//dtd html 4.0 transitional//en">
+<html>
+<head>
+ <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+ <meta name="GENERATOR" content="Mozilla/4.73 [en]C-gatewaynet (Win98; U) [Netscape]">
+ <meta name="Author" content="Phil Burk">
+ <meta name="Description" content="Tutorial for PortAudio, a cross platform, open-source, audio I/O library.It provides a very simple API for recording and/or playing sound using a simple callback function.">
+ <meta name="KeyWords" content="audio, tutorial, library, portable, open-source, DirectSound,sound, music, JSyn, synthesis,">
+ <title>PortAudio Tutorial</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+&nbsp;
+<center><table COLS=1 WIDTH="100%" BGCOLOR="#FADA7A" >
+<tr>
+<td>
+<center>
+<h1>
+PortAudio Tutorial</h1></center>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table></center>
+
+<h2>
+Initializing PortAudio</h2>
+
+<blockquote>Before making any other calls to PortAudio, you must call <tt>Pa_Initialize</tt>().
+This will trigger a scan of available devices which can be queried later.
+Like most PA functions, it will return a result of type <tt>paError</tt>.
+If the result is not <tt>paNoError</tt>, then an error has occurred.
+<blockquote>
+<pre>err = Pa_Initialize();
+if( err != paNoError ) goto error;</pre>
+</blockquote>
+You can get a text message that explains the error message by passing it
+to
+<blockquote>
+<pre>printf(&nbsp; "PortAudio error: %s\n", Pa_GetErrorText( err ) );</pre>
+</blockquote>
+</blockquote>
+<font size=+2><a href="http://www.portaudio.com/">home</a> | <a href="pa_tutorial.html">contents</a>
+| <a href="pa_tut_callback.html">previous</a> |&nbsp; <a href="pa_tut_open.html">next</a></font>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/pd/portaudio/docs/pa_tut_mac.html b/pd/portaudio/docs/pa_tut_mac.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bf3dafd1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pd/portaudio/docs/pa_tut_mac.html
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+<!doctype html public "-//w3c//dtd html 4.0 transitional//en">
+<html>
+<head>
+ <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+ <meta name="GENERATOR" content="Mozilla/4.77 [en]C-gatewaynet (Win98; U) [Netscape]">
+ <meta name="Author" content="Phil Burk">
+ <meta name="Description" content="Tutorial for PortAudio, a cross platform, open-source, audio I/O library.It provides a very simple API for recording and/or playing sound using a simple callback function.">
+ <meta name="KeyWords" content="audio, tutorial, library, portable, open-source, DirectSound,sound, music, JSyn, synthesis,">
+ <title>PortAudio Tutorial</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+&nbsp;
+<center><table COLS=1 WIDTH="100%" BGCOLOR="#FADA7A" >
+<tr>
+<td>
+<center>
+<h1>
+PortAudio Tutorial</h1></center>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table></center>
+
+<h2>
+Compiling for Macintosh</h2>
+
+<blockquote>To compile a Macintosh application with the PortAudio library,
+add the following source files to your project:
+<blockquote>
+<pre>pa_mac:pa_mac.c
+pa_common:pa_lib.c
+pa_common:portaudio.h
+pa_common:pa_host.h</pre>
+</blockquote>
+Also add the Apple <b>SoundLib</b> to your project.
+<p>You may try compiling the "pa_tests:patest_saw.c" file first because
+it is the simplest.</blockquote>
+<font size=+2><a href="http://www.portaudio.com/">home</a> |
+<a href="pa_tutorial.html">contents</a>
+| <a href="pa_tut_over.html">previous</a> |&nbsp; <a href="pa_tut_callback.html">next</a></font>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/pd/portaudio/docs/pa_tut_mac_osx.html b/pd/portaudio/docs/pa_tut_mac_osx.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3af8c140
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pd/portaudio/docs/pa_tut_mac_osx.html
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+<!doctype html public "-//w3c//dtd html 4.0 transitional//en">
+<html>
+<head>
+ <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+ <meta name="GENERATOR" content="Mozilla/4.79 [en] (Windows NT 5.0; U) [Netscape]">
+ <meta name="Author" content="Phil Burk">
+ <meta name="Description" content="Tutorial for PortAudio, a cross platform, open-source, audio I/O library.It provides a very simple API for recording and/or playing sound using a simple callback function.">
+ <meta name="KeyWords" content="audio, tutorial, library, portable, open-source, DirectSound,sound, music, JSyn, synthesis,">
+ <title>PortAudio Tutorial</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+&nbsp;
+<center><table COLS=1 WIDTH="100%" BGCOLOR="#FADA7A" >
+<tr>
+<td>
+<center>
+<h1>
+PortAudio Tutorial</h1></center>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table></center>
+
+<h2>
+Compiling for Macintosh OS X</h2>
+
+<blockquote>To compile a Macintosh OS X CoreAudio application with the
+PortAudio library:
+<p>Create a new ProjectBuilder project. You can use a "Tool" project to
+run the PortAudio examples.
+<p>Add the following source files to your Project:
+<blockquote>
+<pre>pa_mac_core/pa_mac_core.c
+pa_common/pa_lib.c
+pa_common/portaudio.h
+pa_common/pa_host.h
+pa_common/pa_convert.c</pre>
+</blockquote>
+Add the Apple CoreAudio.framework to your project by selecting "Add FrameWorks..."
+from the Project menu.
+<p>Compile and run the "pa_tests:patest_saw.c" file first because it is
+the simplest.</blockquote>
+<font size=+2><a href="http://www.portaudio.com/">home</a> |
+<a href="pa_tutorial.html">contents</a>
+| <a href="pa_tut_over.html">previous</a> |&nbsp; <a href="pa_tut_callback.html">next</a></font>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/pd/portaudio/docs/pa_tut_open.html b/pd/portaudio/docs/pa_tut_open.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1621ef30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pd/portaudio/docs/pa_tut_open.html
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+<!doctype html public "-//w3c//dtd html 4.0 transitional//en">
+<html>
+<head>
+ <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+ <meta name="GENERATOR" content="Mozilla/4.73 [en]C-gatewaynet (Win98; U) [Netscape]">
+ <meta name="Author" content="Phil Burk">
+ <meta name="Description" content="Tutorial for PortAudio, a cross platform, open-source, audio I/O library.It provides a very simple API for recording and/or playing sound using a simple callback function.">
+ <meta name="KeyWords" content="audio, tutorial, library, portable, open-source, DirectSound,sound, music, JSyn, synthesis,">
+ <title>PortAudio Tutorial</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+&nbsp;
+<center><table COLS=1 WIDTH="100%" BGCOLOR="#FADA7A" >
+<tr>
+<td>
+<center>
+<h1>
+PortAudio Tutorial</h1></center>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table></center>
+
+<h2>
+Opening a Stream using Defaults</h2>
+
+<blockquote>The next step is to open a stream which is similar to opening
+a file. You can specify whether you want audio input and/or output, how
+many channels, the data format, sample rate, etc. There are two calls for
+opening streams, <tt>Pa_OpenStream</tt>() and <tt>Pa_OpenDefaultStream</tt>().
+<p><tt>Pa_OpenStream()</tt> takes extra&nbsp; parameters which give you
+more control. You can normally just use <tt>Pa_OpenDefaultStream</tt>()
+which just calls <tt>Pa_OpenStream()</tt> <tt>with</tt> some reasonable
+default values.&nbsp; Let's open a stream for stereo output, using floating
+point data, at 44100 Hz.
+<blockquote>
+<pre>err = Pa_OpenDefaultStream(
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &amp;stream,&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; /* passes back stream pointer */
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 0,&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; /* no input channels */
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2,&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; /* stereo output */
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; paFloat32,&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; /* 32 bit floating point output */
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 44100,&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; /* sample rate */
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 256,&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; /* frames per buffer */
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 0,&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; /* number of buffers, if zero then use default minimum */
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; patestCallback, /* specify our custom callback */
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &amp;data );&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; /* pass our data through to callback */</pre>
+</blockquote>
+If you want to use 16 bit integer data, pass <tt>paInt16</tt> instead of
+<tt>paFloat32</tt>.</blockquote>
+<font size=+2><a href="http://www.portaudio.com/">home</a> | <a href="pa_tutorial.html">contents</a>
+| <a href="pa_tut_init.html">previous</a> |&nbsp; <a href="pa_tut_run.html">next</a></font>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/pd/portaudio/docs/pa_tut_oss.html b/pd/portaudio/docs/pa_tut_oss.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1bb76f25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pd/portaudio/docs/pa_tut_oss.html
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+<!doctype html public "-//w3c//dtd html 4.0 transitional//en">
+<html>
+<head>
+ <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+ <meta name="GENERATOR" content="Mozilla/4.77 [en]C-gatewaynet (Win98; U) [Netscape]">
+ <meta name="Author" content="Phil Burk">
+ <meta name="Description" content="Tutorial for PortAudio, a cross platform, open-source, audio I/O library.It provides a very simple API for recording and/or playing sound using a simple callback function.">
+ <meta name="KeyWords" content="audio, tutorial, library, portable, open-source, DirectSound,sound, music, JSyn, synthesis,">
+ <title>PortAudio Tutorial</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+&nbsp;
+<center><table COLS=1 WIDTH="100%" BGCOLOR="#FADA7A" >
+<tr>
+<td>
+<center>
+<h1>
+PortAudio Tutorial</h1></center>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table></center>
+
+<h2>
+Compiling for Unix OSS</h2>
+
+<blockquote>[Skip this page if you are not using Unix and OSS]
+<p>We currently support the <a href="http://www.opensound.com/">OSS</a>
+audio drivers for Linux, Solaris, and FreeBSD. We hope to someday support
+the newer ALSA drivers.
+<ol>
+<li>
+cd to pa_unix_oss directory</li>
+
+<li>
+Edit the Makefile and uncomment one of the tests. You may try compiling
+the "patest_sine.c" file first because it is very simple.</li>
+
+<li>
+gmake run</li>
+</ol>
+</blockquote>
+<font size=+2><a href="http://www.portaudio.com/">home</a> |
+<a href="pa_tutorial.html">contents</a>
+| <a href="pa_tut_pc.html">previous</a> |&nbsp; <a href="pa_tut_callback.html">next</a></font>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/pd/portaudio/docs/pa_tut_over.html b/pd/portaudio/docs/pa_tut_over.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..baa99205
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pd/portaudio/docs/pa_tut_over.html
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+<!doctype html public "-//w3c//dtd html 4.0 transitional//en">
+<html>
+<head>
+ <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+ <meta name="GENERATOR" content="Mozilla/4.79 [en] (Windows NT 5.0; U) [Netscape]">
+ <meta name="Author" content="Phil Burk">
+ <meta name="Description" content="Tutorial for PortAudio, a cross platform, open-source, audio I/O library.It provides a very simple API for recording and/or playing sound using a simple callback function.">
+ <meta name="KeyWords" content="audio, tutorial, library, portable, open-source, DirectSound,sound, music, JSyn, synthesis,">
+ <title>PortAudio Tutorial</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+&nbsp;
+<center><table COLS=1 WIDTH="100%" BGCOLOR="#FADA7A" >
+<tr>
+<td>
+<center>
+<h1>
+PortAudio Tutorial</h1></center>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table></center>
+
+<h2>
+Overview of PortAudio</h2>
+
+<blockquote>PortAudio is a library that provides streaming audio input
+and output. It is a cross-platform API (Application Programming Interface)
+that works on Windows, Macintosh, Unix running OSS, SGI, BeOS, and perhaps
+other platforms by the time you read this. This means that you can write
+a simple 'C' program to process or generate an audio signal, and that program
+can run on several different types of computer just by recompiling the
+source code.
+<p>Here are the steps to writing a PortAudio application:
+<ol>
+<li>
+Write a callback function that will be called by PortAudio when audio processing
+is needed.</li>
+
+<li>
+Initialize the PA library and open a stream for audio I/O.</li>
+
+<li>
+Start the stream. Your callback function will be now be called repeatedly
+by PA in the background.</li>
+
+<li>
+In your callback you can read audio data from the inputBuffer and/or write
+data to the outputBuffer.</li>
+
+<li>
+Stop the stream by returning 1 from your callback, or by calling a stop
+function.</li>
+
+<li>
+Close the stream and terminate the library.</li>
+</ol>
+</blockquote>
+
+<blockquote>There is also <a href="pa_tut_rw.html">another interface</a>
+provided that allows you to generate audio in the foreground. You then
+simply write data to the stream and the tool will not return until it is
+ready to accept more data. This interface is simpler to use but is usually
+not preferred for large applications because it requires that you launch
+a thread to perform the synthesis. Launching a thread may be difficult
+on non-multi-tasking systems such as the Macintosh prior to MacOS X.
+<p>Let's continue by building a simple application that will play a sawtooth
+wave.
+<p>Please select the page for the specific implementation you would like
+to use:
+<ul>
+<li>
+<a href="pa_tut_pc.html">Windows (WMME or DirectSound)</a></li>
+
+<li>
+<a href="pa_tut_mac.html">Macintosh SoundManager for OS 7,8,9</a></li>
+
+<li>
+<a href="pa_tut_mac_osx.html">Macintosh CoreAudio for OS X</a></li>
+
+<li>
+<a href="pa_tut_asio.html">ASIO on Windows or Macintosh</a></li>
+
+<li>
+<a href="pa_tut_oss.html">Unix OSS</a></li>
+</ul>
+or continue with the <a href="pa_tut_callback.html">next page of the programming
+tutorial</a>.</blockquote>
+<font size=+2><a href="http://www.portaudio.com/">home</a> |
+<a href="pa_tutorial.html">contents</a>
+| <a href="pa_tutorial.html">previous</a></font>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/pd/portaudio/docs/pa_tut_pc.html b/pd/portaudio/docs/pa_tut_pc.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..87e5f9a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pd/portaudio/docs/pa_tut_pc.html
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+<!doctype html public "-//w3c//dtd html 4.0 transitional//en">
+<html>
+<head>
+ <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+ <meta name="GENERATOR" content="Mozilla/4.77 [en]C-gatewaynet (Win98; U) [Netscape]">
+ <meta name="Author" content="Phil Burk">
+ <meta name="Description" content="Tutorial for PortAudio, a cross platform, open-source, audio I/O library.It provides a very simple API for recording and/or playing sound using a simple callback function.">
+ <meta name="KeyWords" content="audio, tutorial, library, portable, open-source, DirectSound,sound, music, JSyn, synthesis,">
+ <title>PortAudio Tutorial</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+&nbsp;
+<center><table COLS=1 WIDTH="100%" BGCOLOR="#FADA7A" >
+<tr>
+<td>
+<center>
+<h1>
+PortAudio Tutorial</h1></center>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table></center>
+
+<h2>
+Compiling for Windows (WMME or DirectSound)</h2>
+
+<blockquote>To compile PortAudio for Windows, you can choose between two
+options. One implementation uses the DirectSound API. The other uses the
+Windows MultiMedia Extensions API (aka WMME or WAVE).
+<p>Some advantages of using DirectSound are that DirectSound may have lower
+latency than WMME, and supports effects processing plugins. But one disadvantage
+is that DirectSound is not installed on all PCs, and is not well supported
+under Windows NT. So WMME is the best choice for most projects.
+<p>For either implementation add the following source files to your project:
+<blockquote>
+<pre><b>pa_common\pa_lib.c
+pa_common\portaudio.h
+pa_common\pa_host.h</b></pre>
+</blockquote>
+Link with the system library "<b>winmm.lib</b>". For Visual C++:
+<ol>
+<li>
+select "Settings..." from the "Project" menu,</li>
+
+<li>
+select the project name in the tree on the left,</li>
+
+<li>
+choose "All Configurations" in the popup menu above the tree,</li>
+
+<li>
+select the "Link" tab,</li>
+
+<li>
+enter "winmm.lib", without quotes, as the first item in the "Object/library
+modules:" field.</li>
+</ol>
+<b>WMME</b> - To use the WMME implementation, add the following source
+files to your project:
+<blockquote><b><tt>pa_win_wmme/pa_win_wmme.c</tt></b></blockquote>
+<b>DirectSound</b> - If you want to use the DirectSound implementation
+of PortAudio then you must have a recent copy of the free
+<a href="http://www.microsoft.com/directx/download.asp">DirectX</a>
+SDK for Developers from Microsoft installed on your computer. To compile
+an application add the following source files to your project:
+<blockquote>
+<pre><b>pa_win_ds\dsound_wrapper.c
+pa_win_ds\pa_dsound.c</b></pre>
+</blockquote>
+Link with the system library "<b>dsound.lib</b>" using the procedure described
+above for "winmm.lib".</blockquote>
+
+<blockquote>You might try compiling the "pa_tests\patest_saw.c" file first
+because it is the simplest.</blockquote>
+<font size=+2><a href="http://www.portaudio.com/">home</a> |
+<a href="pa_tutorial.html">contents</a>
+| <a href="pa_tut_over.html">previous</a> |&nbsp; <a href="pa_tut_callback.html">next</a></font>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/pd/portaudio/docs/pa_tut_run.html b/pd/portaudio/docs/pa_tut_run.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5c70d089
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pd/portaudio/docs/pa_tut_run.html
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+<!doctype html public "-//w3c//dtd html 4.0 transitional//en">
+<html>
+<head>
+ <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+ <meta name="GENERATOR" content="Mozilla/4.73 [en]C-gatewaynet (Win98; U) [Netscape]">
+ <meta name="Author" content="Phil Burk">
+ <meta name="Description" content="Tutorial for PortAudio, a cross platform, open-source, audio I/O library.It provides a very simple API for recording and/or playing sound using a simple callback function.">
+ <meta name="KeyWords" content="audio, tutorial, library, portable, open-source, DirectSound,sound, music, JSyn, synthesis,">
+ <title>PortAudio Tutorial</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+&nbsp;
+<center><table COLS=1 WIDTH="100%" BGCOLOR="#FADA7A" >
+<tr>
+<td>
+<center>
+<h1>
+PortAudio Tutorial</h1></center>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table></center>
+
+<h2>
+Starting and Stopping a Stream</h2>
+
+<blockquote>The stream will not start running until you call Pa_StartStream().
+Then it will start calling your callback function to perform the audio
+processing.
+<blockquote>
+<pre>err = Pa_StartStream( stream );
+if( err != paNoError ) goto error;</pre>
+</blockquote>
+At this point, audio is being generated. You can communicate to your callback
+routine through the data structure you passed in on the open call, or through
+global variables, or using other interprocess communication techniques.
+Please be aware that your callback function may be called at interrupt
+time when your foreground process is least expecting it. So avoid sharing
+complex data structures that are easily corrupted like double linked lists.
+<p>In many of the tests we simply sleep for a few seconds so we can hear
+the sound. This is easy to do with Pa_Sleep() which will sleep for some
+number of milliseconds. Do not rely on this function for accurate scheduling.
+it is mostly for writing examples.
+<blockquote>
+<pre>/* Sleep for several seconds. */
+Pa_Sleep(NUM_SECONDS*1000);</pre>
+</blockquote>
+When you are through, you can stop the stream from the foreground.
+<blockquote>
+<pre>err = Pa_StopStream( stream );
+if( err != paNoError ) goto error;</pre>
+</blockquote>
+You can also stop the stream by returning 1 from your custom callback function.</blockquote>
+<font size=+2><a href="http://www.portaudio.com/">home</a> | <a href="pa_tutorial.html">contents</a>
+| <a href="pa_tut_open.html">previous</a> |&nbsp; <a href="pa_tut_term.html">next</a></font>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/pd/portaudio/docs/pa_tut_rw.html b/pd/portaudio/docs/pa_tut_rw.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..93c7b8bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pd/portaudio/docs/pa_tut_rw.html
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+<!doctype html public "-//w3c//dtd html 4.0 transitional//en">
+<html>
+<head>
+ <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+ <meta name="GENERATOR" content="Mozilla/4.77 [en]C-gatewaynet (Win98; U) [Netscape]">
+ <meta name="Author" content="Phil Burk">
+ <meta name="Description" content="Tutorial for PortAudio, a cross platform, open-source, audio I/O library.It provides a very simple API for recording and/or playing sound using a simple callback function.">
+ <meta name="KeyWords" content="audio, tutorial, library, portable, open-source, DirectSound,sound, music, JSyn, synthesis,">
+ <title>PortAudio Tutorial</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+&nbsp;
+<center><table COLS=1 WIDTH="100%" BGCOLOR="#FADA7A" >
+<tr>
+<td>
+<center>
+<h1>
+PortAudio Tutorial</h1></center>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table></center>
+
+<h2>
+Blocking Read/Write Functions</h2>
+
+<blockquote>[Note: These functions are not part of the official PortAudio
+API. They are simply built on top of PortAudio as an extra utility. Also
+note that they are under evaluation and their definition may change.]
+<p>There are two fundamentally different ways to design an audio API. One
+is to use callback functions the way we have already shown. The callback
+function operates under an interrupt or background thread This leaves the
+foreground application free to do other things while the audio just runs
+in the background. But this can sometimes be awkward.
+<p>So we have provided an alternative technique that lets a program generate
+audio in the foreground and then just write it to the audio stream as if
+it was a file. If there is not enough room in the audio buffer for more
+data, then the write function will just block until more room is available.
+This can make it very easy to write an audio example. To use this tool,
+you must add the files "pablio/pablio.c" and "pablio/ringbuffer.c" to your
+project. You must also:
+<blockquote>
+<pre>#include "pablio.h"</pre>
+</blockquote>
+Here is a short excerpt of a program that opens a stream for input and
+output. It then reads a block of samples from input, and writes them to
+output, in a loop.&nbsp; The complete example can be found in "pablio/test_rw.c".
+<blockquote>
+<pre>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; #define SAMPLES_PER_FRAME&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (2)
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; #define FRAMES_PER_BLOCK&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (1024)
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; SAMPLE&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; samples[SAMPLES_PER_FRAME * FRAMES_PER_BLOCK];
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; PaError&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; err;
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; PABLIO_Stream&nbsp; *aStream;
+
+/* Open simplified blocking I/O layer on top of PortAudio. */
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; err = OpenAudioStream( &amp;rwbl, SAMPLE_RATE, paFloat32,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (PABLIO_READ_WRITE | PABLIO_STEREO) );
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; if( err != paNoError ) goto error;
+
+/* Process samples in the foreground. */
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; for( i=0; i&lt;(NUM_SECONDS * SAMPLE_RATE); i++ )
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; {
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; /* Read one block of data into sample array from audio input. */
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ReadAudioStream( aStream, samples, FRAMES_PER_BLOCK );
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; /*
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ** At this point you could process the data in samples array,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ** and write the result back to the same samples array.
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; */
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; /* Write that same frame of data to output. */
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; WriteAudioStream( aStream, samples, FRAMES_PER_BLOCK );
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; }
+
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; CloseAudioStream( aStream );</pre>
+</blockquote>
+</blockquote>
+<font size=+2><a href="http://www.portaudio.com/">home</a> |
+<a href="pa_tutorial.html">contents</a>
+| <a href="pa_tut_devs.html">previous</a> |&nbsp; <a href="pa_tut_explore.html">next</a></font>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/pd/portaudio/docs/pa_tut_term.html b/pd/portaudio/docs/pa_tut_term.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1c72209f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pd/portaudio/docs/pa_tut_term.html
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+<!doctype html public "-//w3c//dtd html 4.0 transitional//en">
+<html>
+<head>
+ <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+ <meta name="GENERATOR" content="Mozilla/4.73 [en]C-gatewaynet (Win98; U) [Netscape]">
+ <meta name="Author" content="Phil Burk">
+ <meta name="Description" content="Tutorial for PortAudio, a cross platform, open-source, audio I/O library.It provides a very simple API for recording and/or playing sound using a simple callback function.">
+ <meta name="KeyWords" content="audio, tutorial, library, portable, open-source, DirectSound,sound, music, JSyn, synthesis,">
+ <title>PortAudio Tutorial</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+&nbsp;
+<center><table COLS=1 WIDTH="100%" BGCOLOR="#FADA7A" >
+<tr>
+<td>
+<center>
+<h1>
+PortAudio Tutorial</h1></center>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table></center>
+
+<h2>
+Terminating PortAudio</h2>
+
+<blockquote>You can start and stop a stream as many times as you like.
+But when you are done using it, you should close it by calling:</blockquote>
+
+<blockquote>
+<blockquote>
+<pre>err = Pa_CloseStream( stream );
+if( err != paNoError ) goto error;</pre>
+</blockquote>
+Then when you are done using PortAudio, you should terminate the whole
+system by calling:
+<blockquote>
+<pre>Pa_Terminate();</pre>
+</blockquote>
+That's basically it. You can now write an audio program in 'C' that will
+run on multiple platforms, for example PCs and Macintosh.
+<p>In the rest of the tutorial we will look at some additional utility
+functions, and a different way of using PortAudio that does not require
+the use of a callback function.</blockquote>
+<font size=+2><a href="http://www.portaudio.com/">home</a> | <a href="pa_tutorial.html">contents</a>
+| <a href="pa_tut_run.html">previous</a> |&nbsp; <a href="pa_tut_util.html">next</a></font>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/pd/portaudio/docs/pa_tut_util.html b/pd/portaudio/docs/pa_tut_util.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f4b54750
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pd/portaudio/docs/pa_tut_util.html
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+<!doctype html public "-//w3c//dtd html 4.0 transitional//en">
+<html>
+<head>
+ <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+ <meta name="GENERATOR" content="Mozilla/4.75 [en]C-gatewaynet (Win98; U) [Netscape]">
+ <meta name="Author" content="Phil Burk">
+ <meta name="Description" content="Tutorial for PortAudio, a cross platform, open-source, audio I/O library.It provides a very simple API for recording and/or playing sound using a simple callback function.">
+ <meta name="KeyWords" content="audio, tutorial, library, portable, open-source, DirectSound,sound, music, JSyn, synthesis,">
+ <title>PortAudio Tutorial</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+&nbsp;
+<center><table COLS=1 WIDTH="100%" BGCOLOR="#FADA7A" >
+<tr>
+<td>
+<center>
+<h1>
+PortAudio Tutorial</h1></center>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table></center>
+
+<h2>
+Utility Functions</h2>
+
+<blockquote>Here are several more functions that are not critical, but
+may be handy when using PortAudio.
+<p>Pa_StreamActive() returns one when the stream in playing audio, zero
+when not playing, or a negative error number if the stream is invalid.
+The stream is active between calls to Pa_StartStream() and Pa_StopStream(),
+but may also become inactive if the callback returns a non-zero value.
+In the latter case, the stream is considered inactive after the last buffer
+has finished playing.
+<blockquote>
+<pre>PaError Pa_StreamActive( PortAudioStream *stream );</pre>
+</blockquote>
+Pa_StreamTime() returns the number of samples that have been generated.
+PaTimeStamp is a double precision number which is a convenient way to pass
+big numbers around even though we only need integers.
+<blockquote>
+<pre>PaTimestamp Pa_StreamTime( PortAudioStream *stream );</pre>
+</blockquote>
+The "CPU Load" is a fraction of total CPU time consumed by the stream's
+audio processing. A value of 0.5 would imply that PortAudio and the sound
+generating callback was consuming roughly 50% of the available CPU time.
+This function may be called from the callback function or the application.
+<blockquote>
+<pre>double Pa_GetCPULoad( PortAudioStream* stream );</pre>
+</blockquote>
+</blockquote>
+<font size=+2><a href="http://www.portaudio.com/">home</a> |
+<a href="pa_tutorial.html">contents</a> | <a href="pa_tut_term.html">previous</a>
+|&nbsp; <a href="pa_tut_devs.html">next</a></font>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/pd/portaudio/docs/pa_tutorial.html b/pd/portaudio/docs/pa_tutorial.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1371c44f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pd/portaudio/docs/pa_tutorial.html
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+<!doctype html public "-//w3c//dtd html 4.0 transitional//en">
+<html>
+<head>
+ <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+ <meta name="GENERATOR" content="Mozilla/4.79 [en] (Windows NT 5.0; U) [Netscape]">
+ <meta name="Author" content="Phil Burk">
+ <meta name="Description" content="Tutorial for PortAudio, a cross platform, open-source, audio I/O library.It provides a very simple API for recording and/or playing sound using a simple callback function.">
+ <meta name="KeyWords" content="audio, tutorial, library, portable, open-source, DirectSound,sound, music, JSyn, synthesis,">
+ <title>PortAudio Tutorial</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+&nbsp;
+<center><table COLS=1 WIDTH="100%" BGCOLOR="#FADA7A" >
+<tr>
+<td>
+<center>
+<h1>
+PortAudio Tutorial</h1></center>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table></center>
+
+<p>Copyright 2000 Phil Burk and Ross Bencina
+<h2>
+Table of Contents</h2>
+
+<blockquote><a href="pa_tut_over.html">Overview of PortAudio</a>
+<br><a href="pa_tut_mac.html">Compiling for Macintosh OS 7,8,9</a>
+<br><a href="pa_tut_mac_osx.html">Compiling for Macintosh OS X</a>
+<br><a href="pa_tut_pc.html">Compiling for Windows (DirectSound and WMME)</a>
+<br><a href="pa_tut_asio.html">Compiling for ASIO on Windows or Mac OS
+8,9</a>
+<br><a href="pa_tut_oss.html">Compiling for Unix OSS</a>
+<br><a href="pa_tut_callback.html">Writing a Callback Function</a>
+<br><a href="pa_tut_init.html">Initializing PortAudio</a>
+<br><a href="pa_tut_open.html">Opening a Stream using Defaults</a>
+<br><a href="pa_tut_run.html">Starting and Stopping a Stream</a>
+<br><a href="pa_tut_term.html">Cleaning Up</a>
+<br><a href="pa_tut_util.html">Utilities</a>
+<br><a href="pa_tut_devs.html">Querying for Devices</a>
+<br><a href="pa_tut_rw.html">Blocking Read/Write Functions</a>
+<br><a href="pa_tut_explore.html">Exploring the PortAudio Package</a></blockquote>
+<font size=+2><a href="http://www.portaudio.com/">home</a> | contents |
+previous |&nbsp; <a href="pa_tut_over.html">next</a></font>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/pd/portaudio/docs/portaudio_h.txt b/pd/portaudio/docs/portaudio_h.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6d60086f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pd/portaudio/docs/portaudio_h.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,425 @@
+#ifndef PORT_AUDIO_H
+#define PORT_AUDIO_H
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif /* __cplusplus */
+
+/*
+ * PortAudio Portable Real-Time Audio Library
+ * PortAudio API Header File
+ * Latest version available at: http://www.audiomulch.com/portaudio/
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 1999-2000 Ross Bencina and Phil Burk
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files
+ * (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction,
+ * including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
+ * publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software,
+ * and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
+ * subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * Any person wishing to distribute modifications to the Software is
+ * requested to send the modifications to the original developer so that
+ * they can be incorporated into the canonical version.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+ * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR
+ * ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF
+ * CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ *
+ */
+
+typedef int PaError;
+typedef enum {
+ paNoError = 0,
+
+ paHostError = -10000,
+ paInvalidChannelCount,
+ paInvalidSampleRate,
+ paInvalidDeviceId,
+ paInvalidFlag,
+ paSampleFormatNotSupported,
+ paBadIODeviceCombination,
+ paInsufficientMemory,
+ paBufferTooBig,
+ paBufferTooSmall,
+ paNullCallback,
+ paBadStreamPtr,
+ paTimedOut,
+ paInternalError
+} PaErrorNum;
+
+/*
+ Pa_Initialize() is the library initialisation function - call this before
+ using the library.
+*/
+
+PaError Pa_Initialize( void );
+
+/*
+ Pa_Terminate() is the library termination function - call this after
+ using the library.
+*/
+
+PaError Pa_Terminate( void );
+
+/*
+ Return host specific error.
+ This can be called after receiving a paHostError.
+*/
+long Pa_GetHostError( void );
+
+/*
+ Translate the error number into a human readable message.
+*/
+const char *Pa_GetErrorText( PaError errnum );
+
+/*
+ Sample formats
+
+ These are formats used to pass sound data between the callback and the
+ stream. Each device has a "native" format which may be used when optimum
+ efficiency or control over conversion is required.
+
+ Formats marked "always available" are supported (emulated) by all devices.
+
+ The floating point representation uses +1.0 and -1.0 as the respective
+ maximum and minimum.
+
+*/
+
+typedef unsigned long PaSampleFormat;
+#define paFloat32 ((PaSampleFormat) (1<<0)) /*always available*/
+#define paInt16 ((PaSampleFormat) (1<<1)) /*always available*/
+#define paInt32 ((PaSampleFormat) (1<<2)) /*always available*/
+#define paInt24 ((PaSampleFormat) (1<<3))
+#define paPackedInt24 ((PaSampleFormat) (1<<4))
+#define paInt8 ((PaSampleFormat) (1<<5))
+#define paUInt8 ((PaSampleFormat) (1<<6)) /* unsigned 8 bit, 128 is "ground" */
+#define paCustomFormat ((PaSampleFormat) (1<<16))
+
+/*
+ Device enumeration mechanism.
+
+ Device ids range from 0 to Pa_CountDevices()-1.
+
+ Devices may support input, output or both. Device 0 is always the "default"
+ device and should support at least stereo in and out if that is available
+ on the taget platform _even_ if this involves kludging an input/output
+ device on platforms that usually separate input from output. Other platform
+ specific devices are specified by positive device ids.
+*/
+
+typedef int PaDeviceID;
+#define paNoDevice -1
+
+typedef struct{
+ int structVersion;
+ const char *name;
+ int maxInputChannels;
+ int maxOutputChannels;
+/* Number of discrete rates, or -1 if range supported. */
+ int numSampleRates;
+/* Array of supported sample rates, or {min,max} if range supported. */
+ const double *sampleRates;
+ PaSampleFormat nativeSampleFormats;
+} PaDeviceInfo;
+
+
+int Pa_CountDevices();
+/*
+ Pa_GetDefaultInputDeviceID(), Pa_GetDefaultOutputDeviceID()
+
+ Return the default device ID or paNoDevice if there is no devices.
+ The result can be passed to Pa_OpenStream().
+
+ On the PC, the user can specify a default device by
+ setting an environment variable. For example, to use device #1.
+
+ set PA_RECOMMENDED_OUTPUT_DEVICE=1
+
+ The user should first determine the available device ID by using
+ the supplied application "pa_devs".
+*/
+PaDeviceID Pa_GetDefaultInputDeviceID( void );
+PaDeviceID Pa_GetDefaultOutputDeviceID( void );
+
+/*
+ PaTimestamp is used to represent a continuous sample clock with arbitrary
+ start time useful for syncronisation. The type is used in the outTime
+ argument to the callback function and the result of Pa_StreamTime()
+*/
+
+typedef double PaTimestamp;
+
+/*
+ Pa_GetDeviceInfo() returns a pointer to an immutable PaDeviceInfo structure
+ referring to the device specified by id.
+ If id is out of range the function returns NULL.
+
+ The returned structure is owned by the PortAudio implementation and must
+ not be manipulated or freed. The pointer is guaranteed to be valid until
+ between calls to Pa_Initialize() and Pa_Terminate().
+*/
+
+const PaDeviceInfo* Pa_GetDeviceInfo( PaDeviceID devID );
+
+/*
+ PortAudioCallback is implemented by clients of the portable audio api.
+
+ inputBuffer and outputBuffer are arrays of interleaved samples,
+ the format, packing and number of channels used by the buffers are
+ determined by parameters to Pa_OpenStream() (see below).
+
+ framesPerBuffer is the number of sample frames to be processed by the callback.
+
+ outTime is the time in samples when the buffer(s) processed by
+ this callback will begin being played at the audio output.
+ See also Pa_StreamTime()
+
+ userData is the value of a user supplied pointer passed to Pa_OpenStream()
+ intended for storing synthesis data etc.
+
+ return value:
+ The callback can return a nonzero value to stop the stream. This may be
+ useful in applications such as soundfile players where a specific duration
+ of output is required. However, it is not necessary to utilise this mechanism
+ as StopStream() will also terminate the stream. A callback returning a
+ nonzero value must fill the entire outputBuffer.
+
+ NOTE: None of the other stream functions may be called from within the
+ callback function except for Pa_GetCPULoad().
+
+*/
+
+typedef int (PortAudioCallback)(
+ void *inputBuffer, void *outputBuffer,
+ unsigned long framesPerBuffer,
+ PaTimestamp outTime, void *userData );
+
+
+/*
+ Stream flags
+
+ These flags may be supplied (ored together) in the streamFlags argument to
+ the Pa_OpenStream() function.
+
+ [ suggestions? ]
+*/
+
+#define paNoFlag (0)
+#define paClipOff (1<<0) /* disable defult clipping of out of range samples */
+#define paDitherOff (1<<1) /* disable default dithering */
+#define paPlatformSpecificFlags (0x00010000)
+typedef unsigned long PaStreamFlags;
+
+/*
+ A single PortAudioStream provides multiple channels of real-time
+ input and output audio streaming to a client application.
+ Pointers to PortAudioStream objects are passed between PortAudio functions.
+*/
+
+typedef void PortAudioStream;
+#define PaStream PortAudioStream
+
+/*
+ Pa_OpenStream() opens a stream for either input, output or both.
+
+ stream is the address of a PortAudioStream pointer which will receive
+ a pointer to the newly opened stream.
+
+ inputDevice is the id of the device used for input (see PaDeviceID above.)
+ inputDevice may be paNoDevice to indicate that an input device is not required.
+
+ numInputChannels is the number of channels of sound to be delivered to the
+ callback. It can range from 1 to the value of maxInputChannels in the
+ device input record for the device specified in the inputDevice parameter.
+ If inputDevice is paNoDevice numInputChannels is ignored.
+
+ inputSampleFormat is the format of inputBuffer provided to the callback
+ function. inputSampleFormat may be any of the formats described by the
+ PaSampleFormat enumeration (see above). PortAudio guarantees support for
+ the sound devices native formats (nativeSampleFormats in the device info
+ record) and additionally 16 and 32 bit integer and 32 bit floating point
+ formats. Support for other formats is implementation defined.
+
+ inputDriverInfo is a pointer to an optional driver specific data structure
+ containing additional information for device setup or stream processing.
+ inputDriverInfo is never required for correct operation. If not used
+ inputDriverInfo should be NULL.
+
+ outputDevice is the id of the device used for output (see PaDeviceID above.)
+ outputDevice may be paNoDevice to indicate that an output device is not required.
+
+ numOutputChannels is the number of channels of sound to be supplied by the
+ callback. See the definition of numInputChannels above for more details.
+
+ outputSampleFormat is the sample format of the outputBuffer filled by the
+ callback function. See the definition of inputSampleFormat above for more
+ details.
+
+ outputDriverInfo is a pointer to an optional driver specific data structure
+ containing additional information for device setup or stream processing.
+ outputDriverInfo is never required for correct operation. If not used
+ outputDriverInfo should be NULL.
+
+ sampleRate is the desired sampleRate for input and output
+
+ framesPerBuffer is the length in sample frames of all internal sample buffers
+ used for communication with platform specific audio routines. Wherever
+ possible this corresponds to the framesPerBuffer parameter passed to the
+ callback function.
+
+ numberOfBuffers is the number of buffers used for multibuffered
+ communication with the platform specific audio routines. This parameter is
+ provided only as a guide - and does not imply that an implementation must
+ use multibuffered i/o when reliable double buffering is available (such as
+ SndPlayDoubleBuffer() on the Macintosh.)
+
+ streamFlags may contain a combination of flags ORed together.
+ These flags modify the behavior of the
+ streaming process. Some flags may only be relevant to certain buffer formats.
+
+ callback is a pointer to a client supplied function that is responsible
+ for processing and filling input and output buffers (see above for details.)
+
+ userData is a client supplied pointer which is passed to the callback
+ function. It could for example, contain a pointer to instance data necessary
+ for processing the audio buffers.
+
+ return value:
+ Apon success Pa_OpenStream() returns PaNoError and places a pointer to a
+ valid PortAudioStream in the stream argument. The stream is inactive (stopped).
+ If a call to Pa_OpenStream() fails a nonzero error code is returned (see
+ PAError above) and the value of stream is invalid.
+
+*/
+
+PaError Pa_OpenStream( PortAudioStream** stream,
+ PaDeviceID inputDevice,
+ int numInputChannels,
+ PaSampleFormat inputSampleFormat,
+ void *inputDriverInfo,
+ PaDeviceID outputDevice,
+ int numOutputChannels,
+ PaSampleFormat outputSampleFormat,
+ void *outputDriverInfo,
+ double sampleRate,
+ unsigned long framesPerBuffer,
+ unsigned long numberOfBuffers,
+ PaStreamFlags streamFlags,
+ PortAudioCallback *callback,
+ void *userData );
+
+
+/*
+ Pa_OpenDefaultStream() is a simplified version of Pa_OpenStream() that
+ opens the default input and/or ouput devices. Most parameters have
+ identical meaning to their Pa_OpenStream() counterparts, with the following
+ exceptions:
+
+ If either numInputChannels or numOutputChannels is 0 the respective device
+ is not opened (same as passing paNoDevice in the device arguments to Pa_OpenStream() )
+
+ sampleFormat applies to both the input and output buffers.
+*/
+
+PaError Pa_OpenDefaultStream( PortAudioStream** stream,
+ int numInputChannels,
+ int numOutputChannels,
+ PaSampleFormat sampleFormat,
+ double sampleRate,
+ unsigned long framesPerBuffer,
+ unsigned long numberOfBuffers,
+ PortAudioCallback *callback,
+ void *userData );
+
+/*
+ Pa_CloseStream() closes an audio stream, flushing any pending buffers.
+*/
+
+PaError Pa_CloseStream( PortAudioStream* );
+
+/*
+ Pa_StartStream() and Pa_StopStream() begin and terminate audio processing.
+ Pa_StopStream() waits until all pending audio buffers have been played.
+ Pa_AbortStream() stops playing immediately without waiting for pending
+ buffers to complete.
+*/
+
+PaError Pa_StartStream( PortAudioStream *stream );
+
+PaError Pa_StopStream( PortAudioStream *stream );
+
+PaError Pa_AbortStream( PortAudioStream *stream );
+
+/*
+ Pa_StreamActive() returns one when the stream is playing audio,
+ zero when not playing, or a negative error number if the
+ stream is invalid.
+ The stream is active between calls to Pa_StartStream() and Pa_StopStream(),
+ but may also become inactive if the callback returns a non-zero value.
+ In the latter case, the stream is considered inactive after the last
+ buffer has finished playing.
+*/
+
+PaError Pa_StreamActive( PortAudioStream *stream );
+
+/*
+ Pa_StreamTime() returns the current output time for the stream in samples.
+ This time may be used as a time reference (for example syncronising audio to
+ MIDI).
+*/
+
+PaTimestamp Pa_StreamTime( PortAudioStream *stream );
+
+/*
+ The "CPU Load" is a fraction of total CPU time consumed by the
+ stream's audio processing.
+ A value of 0.5 would imply that PortAudio and the sound generating
+ callback was consuming roughly 50% of the available CPU time.
+ This function may be called from the callback function or the application.
+*/
+double Pa_GetCPULoad( PortAudioStream* stream );
+
+/*
+ Use Pa_GetMinNumBuffers() to determine minimum number of buffers required for
+ the current host based on minimum latency.
+ On the PC, for the DirectSound implementation, latency can be optionally set
+ by user by setting an environment variable.
+ For example, to set latency to 200 msec, put:
+
+ set PA_MIN_LATENCY_MSEC=200
+
+ in the AUTOEXEC.BAT file and reboot.
+ If the environment variable is not set, then the latency will be determined
+ based on the OS. Windows NT has higher latency than Win95.
+*/
+
+int Pa_GetMinNumBuffers( int framesPerBuffer, double sampleRate );
+
+/*
+ Sleep for at least 'msec' milliseconds.
+ You may sleep longer than the requested time so don't rely
+ on this for accurate musical timing.
+*/
+void Pa_Sleep( long msec );
+
+/*
+ Return size in bytes of a single sample in a given PaSampleFormat
+ or paSampleFormatNotSupported.
+*/
+PaError Pa_GetSampleSize( PaSampleFormat format );
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif /* __cplusplus */
+#endif /* PORT_AUDIO_H */
diff --git a/pd/portaudio/docs/portaudio_icmc2001.pdf b/pd/portaudio/docs/portaudio_icmc2001.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..dd074b7d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pd/portaudio/docs/portaudio_icmc2001.pdf
Binary files differ
diff --git a/pd/portaudio/docs/proposals.html b/pd/portaudio/docs/proposals.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0f9b8cb6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pd/portaudio/docs/proposals.html
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+<HTML>
+<HEAD>
+<TITLE>Proposed Changes to PortAudio API</TITLE>
+<META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
+<META content="Phil Burk, Ross Bencina" name=Author>
+<META content="Changes being discussed by the community of PortAudio deveopers."
+name=Description>
+<META
+content="audio, tutorial, library, portable, open-source, DirectSound,sound, music, JSyn, synthesis,"
+name=KeyWords>
+</HEAD>
+<BODY LINK="#0000ff" VLINK="#800080">&nbsp;
+<CENTER>
+<TABLE bgColor=#fada7a cols=1 width="100%">
+ <TBODY>
+ <TR>
+ <TD>
+ <CENTER>
+ <H1>Proposed Changes to PortAudio API</H1>
+ </CENTER>
+</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></CENTER>
+<P><A href="http://www.portaudio.com/">PortAudio Home Page</A></P>
+
+<P>Updated: July 27, 2002 </P>
+<H2>The Proposals Have Moved</H2>
+
+<p>
+All PortAudio Enhancement Proposal documentation has moved. On the web site, it is now located at:
+<A HREF="http://www.portaudio.com/docs/proposals">http://www.portaudio.com/docs/proposals</A>
+
+On the CVS server it is now located in a module named "pa_proposals".
+</p>
+
+
+</BODY>
+</HTML>
diff --git a/pd/portaudio/docs/releases.html b/pd/portaudio/docs/releases.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..aec80a1c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pd/portaudio/docs/releases.html
@@ -0,0 +1,339 @@
+<!doctype html public "-//w3c//dtd html 4.0 transitional//en">
+<html>
+<head>
+ <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+ <meta name="GENERATOR" content="Mozilla/4.79 [en] (Windows NT 5.0; U) [Netscape]">
+ <meta name="Author" content="Phil Burk">
+ <meta name="Description" content="PortAudio is a cross platform, open-source, audio I/O library.It provides a very simple API for recording and/or playing sound using a simple callback function.">
+ <meta name="KeyWords" content="audio, library, portable, open-source, DirectSound,sound, music, JSyn, synthesis,">
+ <title>PortAudio Release Notes</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+&nbsp;
+<center><table COLS=1 WIDTH="100%" BGCOLOR="#FADA7A" >
+<tr>
+<td>
+<center>
+<h1>
+PortAudio - Release Notes</h1></center>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table></center>
+
+<p>Link to <a href="http://www.portaudio.com">PortAudio Home Page</a>
+<h2>
+<b>V18 - 5/6/02</b></h2>
+
+<blockquote>All source code and documentation now under <a href="http://www.portaudio.com/usingcvs.html">CVS</a>.
+<p>Ran most of the code through <a href="http://astyle.sourceforge.net/">AStyle</a>
+to cleanup ragged indentation caused by using different editors. Used this
+command:
+<br><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp; astyle --style=ansi -c -o --convert-tabs --indent-preprocessor
+*.c</tt></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote>Added "pa_common/pa_convert.c" for Mac OS X. Start of new conversion
+utilities.
+<p><b>ASIO</b>
+<ul>
+<li>
+New Pa_ASIO_Adaptor_Init function to init Callback adpatation variables,</li>
+
+<li>
+Cleanup of Pa_ASIO_Callback_Input</li>
+
+<li>
+Break apart device loading to debug random failure in Pa_ASIO_QueryDeviceInfo</li>
+
+<li>
+Deallocate all resources in PaHost_Term for cases where Pa_CloseStream
+is not called properly</li>
+
+<li>
+New Pa_ASIO_loadDriver that calls CoInitialize on each thread on Windows.
+Allows use by multiple threads.</li>
+
+<li>
+Correct error code management in PaHost_Term, removed various compiler
+warning</li>
+
+<li>
+Add Mac includes for &lt;Devices.h> and &lt;Timer.h></li>
+
+<li>
+Pa_ASIO_QueryDeviceInfo bug correction, memory allocation checking, better
+error handling</li>
+</ul>
+<b>Mac OS X</b>
+<ul>
+<li>
+Major cleanup and improvements.</li>
+
+<li>
+Fixed device queries for numChannels and sampleRates,</li>
+
+<li>
+Audio input works if using same CoreAudio device (some HW devices make
+separate CoreAudio devices).</li>
+
+<li>
+Added paInt16, paInt8, format using new "pa_common/pa_convert.c" file.</li>
+
+<li>
+Return error if opened in mono mode cuz not supported.</li>
+
+<li>
+Check for getenv("PA_MIN_LATEWNCY_MSEC") to set latency externally.</li>
+
+<li>
+Use getrusage() instead of gettimeofday() for CPU Load calculation.</li>
+</ul>
+<b>Windows MME</b>
+<ul>
+<li>
+Fixed bug that caused TIMEOUT in Pa_StopStream(). Added check for past_StopSoon()
+in Pa_TimeSlice(). Thanks Julien Maillard.</li>
+
+<li>
+Detect Win XP versus NT, use lower latency.</li>
+
+<li>
+Fix DBUG typo;</li>
+
+<li>
+removed init of CurrentCount which was not compiling on Borland</li>
+
+<li>
+general cleanup, factored streamData alloc and cpu usage initialization</li>
+
+<li>
+stopped counting WAVE_MAPPER when there were no audio cards plugged in</li>
+</ul>
+<b>Windows DirectSound</b>
+<ul>
+<li>
+Detect Win XP and Win 2K properly when determining latency.</li>
+</ul>
+<b>Unix OSS</b>
+<ul>
+<li>
+Use high real-time priority if app is running with root priveledges. Lowers
+latency.</li>
+
+<li>
+Added watch dog thread that prevents real-time thread from hogging CPU
+and hanging the computer.</li>
+
+<li>
+Check error return from read() and write().</li>
+
+<li>
+Check CPU endianness instead of assuming Little Endian.</li>
+</ul>
+</blockquote>
+
+<h2>
+<b>V17 - 10/15/01</b></h2>
+
+<blockquote><b>Unix OSS</b>
+<ul>
+<li>
+Set num channels back to two after device query for ALSA. This fixed a
+bug in V16 that sometimes caused a failure when querying for the sample
+rates. Thanks Stweart Greenhill.</li>
+</ul>
+</blockquote>
+
+<blockquote>
+<h4>
+<b>Macintosh Sound Manager</b></h4>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+Use NewSndCallBackUPP() for CARBON compatibility.</li>
+</ul>
+</blockquote>
+
+<h2>
+<b>V16 - 9/27/01</b></h2>
+
+<blockquote><b>Added Alpha implementations for ASIO, SGI, and BeOS!</b>
+<br>&nbsp;
+<li>
+CPULoad is now calculated based on the time spent to generate a known number
+of frames. This is more accurate than a simple percentage of real-time.
+Implemented in pa_unix_oss, pa_win_wmme and pa_win_ds.</li>
+
+<li>
+Fix dither and shift for recording PaUInt8 format data.</li>
+
+<li>
+Added "patest_maxsines.c" which tests <tt>Pa_GetCPULoad().</tt></li>
+</blockquote>
+
+<blockquote>
+<h4>
+Windows WMME</h4>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+sDevicePtrs now allocated using <tt>GlobalAlloc()</tt>. This prevents a
+crash in Pa_Terminate() on Win2000. Thanks Mike Berry for finding this.
+Thanks Mike Berry.</li>
+
+<li>
+Pass process instead of thread to <tt>SetPriorityClass</tt>(). This fixes
+a bug that caused the priority to not be increased. Thanks to Alberto di
+Bene for spotting this.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<h4>
+Windows DirectSound</h4>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+Casts for compiling with __MWERKS__ CodeWarrior.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<h4>
+UNIX OSS</h4>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+Derived from Linux OSS implementation.</li>
+
+<li>
+Numerous patches from Heiko Purnhagen, Stephen Brandon, etc.</li>
+
+<li>
+Improved query mechanism which often bailed out unnecessarily.</li>
+
+<li>
+Removed sNumDevices and potential related bugs,</li>
+
+<li>
+Use <tt>getenv("PA_MIN_LATENCY_MSEC")</tt> in code to set desired latency.
+User can set by entering:</li>
+
+<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <tt>export PA_MIN_LATENCY_MSEC=40</tt></ul>
+
+<h4>
+Macintosh Sound Manager</h4>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+Pass unused event to WaitNextEvent instead of NULL to prevent Mac OSX crash.
+Thanks Dominic Mazzoni.</li>
+
+<li>
+Use requested number of input channels.</li>
+
+<br>&nbsp;</ul>
+</blockquote>
+
+<h2>
+<b>V15 - 5/29/01</b></h2>
+
+<blockquote>
+<ul>
+<li>
+<b>New Linux OSS Beta</b></li>
+</ul>
+
+<h4>
+Windows WMME</h4>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+&nbsp;sDevicePtrs now allocated based on sizeof(pointer). Was allocating
+too much space.</li>
+
+<li>
+&nbsp;Check for excessive numbers of channels. Some drivers reported bogus
+numbers.</li>
+
+<li>
+Apply Mike Berry's changes for CodeWarrior on PC including condition including
+of memory.h, and explicit typecasting on memory allocation.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<h4>
+Macintosh Sound Manager</h4>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+ScanInputDevices was setting sDefaultOutputDeviceID instead of sDefaultInputDeviceID.</li>
+
+<li>
+Device Scan was crashing for anything other than siBadSoundInDevice, but
+some Macs may return other errors! Caused failure to init on some G4s under
+OS9.</li>
+
+<li>
+Fix TIMEOUT in record mode.</li>
+
+<li>
+Change CARBON_COMPATIBLE to TARGET_API_MAC_CARBON</li>
+</ul>
+</blockquote>
+
+<h2>
+<b>V14 - 2/6/01</b></h2>
+
+<blockquote>
+<ul>
+<li>
+Added implementation for Windows MultiMedia Extensions (WMME) by Ross and
+Phil</li>
+
+<li>
+Changed Pa_StopStream() so that it waits for the buffers to drain.</li>
+
+<li>
+Added Pa_AbortStream() that stops immediately without waiting.</li>
+
+<li>
+Added new test: patest_stop.c to test above two mods.</li>
+
+<li>
+Fixed Pa_StreamTime() so that it returns current play position instead
+of the write position. Added "patest_sync.c" to demo audio/video sync.</li>
+
+<li>
+Improved stability of Macintosh implementation. Added timeouts to prevent
+hangs.</li>
+
+<li>
+Added Pa_GetSampleSize( PaSampleFormat format );</li>
+
+<li>
+Changes some "int"s to "long"s so that PA works properly on Macintosh which
+often compiles using 16 bit ints.</li>
+
+<li>
+Added Implementation Guide</li>
+</ul>
+</blockquote>
+
+<h2>
+<b>V12 - 1/9/01</b></h2>
+
+<blockquote>
+<ul>
+<li>
+Mac now scans for and queries all devices. But it does not yet support
+selecting any other than the default device.</li>
+
+<li>
+Blocking I/O calls renamed to separate them from the PortAudio API.</li>
+
+<li>
+Cleaned up indentation problems with tabs versus spaces.</li>
+
+<li>
+Now attempts to correct bogus sample rate info returned from DirectSound
+device queries.</li>
+</ul>
+</blockquote>
+
+</body>
+</html>