Download and adjust sources for new portaudio, portmidi.

Add experimental callback scheduling.

svn path=/trunk/; revision=8657

2 files changed, 0 insertions, 3746 deletions

diff --git a/pd/portaudio/pa_linux_alsa/pa_linux_alsa.c b/pd/portaudio/pa_linux_alsa/pa_linux_alsa.c
deleted file mode 100644
index 2f88fc2f..00000000
--- a/pd/portaudio/pa_linux_alsa/pa_linux_alsa.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3682 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * $Id: pa_linux_alsa.c,v 1.1.2.92 2006/03/22 19:36:04 aknudsen Exp $
- * PortAudio Portable Real-Time Audio Library
- * Latest Version at: http://www.portaudio.com
- * ALSA implementation by Joshua Haberman and Arve Knudsen
- *
- * Copyright (c) 2002 Joshua Haberman <joshua@haberman.com>
- * Copyright (c) 2005-2006 Arve Knudsen <aknuds-1@broadpark.no>
- *
- * Based on the Open Source API proposed by Ross Bencina
- * Copyright (c) 1999-2002 Ross Bencina, Phil Burk
- *
- * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
- * a copy of this software and associated documentation files
- * (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction,
- * including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
- * publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software,
- * and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
- * subject to the following conditions:
- *
- * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
- * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
- *
- * Any person wishing to distribute modifications to the Software is
- * requested to send the modifications to the original developer so that
- * they can be incorporated into the canonical version.
- *
- * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
- * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
- * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
- * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR
- * ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF
- * CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
- * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
- */
-
-#define ALSA_PCM_NEW_HW_PARAMS_API
-#define ALSA_PCM_NEW_SW_PARAMS_API
-#include <alsa/asoundlib.h>
-#undef ALSA_PCM_NEW_HW_PARAMS_API
-#undef ALSA_PCM_NEW_SW_PARAMS_API
-
-#include <sys/poll.h>
-#include <string.h> /* strlen() */
-#include <limits.h>
-#include <math.h>
-#include <pthread.h>
-#include <signal.h>
-#include <time.h>
-#include <sys/mman.h>
-#include <signal.h> /* For sig_atomic_t */
-
-#include "portaudio.h"
-#include "pa_util.h"
-#include "../pa_unix/pa_unix_util.h"
-#include "pa_allocation.h"
-#include "pa_hostapi.h"
-#include "pa_stream.h"
-#include "pa_cpuload.h"
-#include "pa_process.h"
-
-#include "pa_linux_alsa.h"
-
-/* Check return value of ALSA function, and map it to PaError */
-#define ENSURE_(expr, code) \
-    do { \
-        if( UNLIKELY( (aErr_ = (expr)) < 0 ) ) \
-        { \
-            /* PaUtil_SetLastHostErrorInfo should only be used in the main thread */ \
-            if( (code) == paUnanticipatedHostError && pthread_self() != callbackThread_ ) \
-            { \
-                PaUtil_SetLastHostErrorInfo( paALSA, aErr_, snd_strerror( aErr_ ) ); \
-            } \
-            PaUtil_DebugPrint( "Expression '" #expr "' failed in '" __FILE__ "', line: " STRINGIZE( __LINE__ ) "\n" ); \
-            if( (code) == paUnanticipatedHostError ) \
-                PA_DEBUG(( "Host error description: %s\n", snd_strerror( aErr_ ) )); \
-            result = (code); \
-            goto error; \
-        } \
-    } while( 0 );
-
-#define ENSURE_SYSTEM_(expr, success) \
-    do { \
-        if( UNLIKELY( (aErr_ = (expr)) != success ) ) \
-        { \
-            /* PaUtil_SetLastHostErrorInfo should only be used in the main thread */ \
-            if( pthread_self() != callbackThread_ ) \
-            { \
-                PaUtil_SetLastHostErrorInfo( paALSA, aErr_, strerror( aErr_ ) ); \
-            } \
-            PaUtil_DebugPrint( "Expression '" #expr "' failed in '" __FILE__ "', line: " STRINGIZE( __LINE__ ) "\n" ); \
-            result = paUnanticipatedHostError; \
-            goto error; \
-        } \
-    } while( 0 );
-
-#define ASSERT_CALL_(expr, success) \
-    aErr_ = (expr); \
-    assert( success == aErr_ );
-
-static int aErr_;               /* Used with ENSURE_ */
-static pthread_t callbackThread_;
-
-typedef enum
-{
-    StreamDirection_In,
-    StreamDirection_Out
-} StreamDirection;
-
-/* Threading utility struct */
-typedef struct PaAlsaThreading
-{
-    pthread_t watchdogThread;
-    pthread_t callbackThread;
-    int watchdogRunning;
-    int rtSched;
-    int rtPrio;
-    int useWatchdog;
-    unsigned long throttledSleepTime;
-    volatile PaTime callbackTime;
-    volatile PaTime callbackCpuTime;
-    PaUtilCpuLoadMeasurer *cpuLoadMeasurer;
-} PaAlsaThreading;
-
-typedef struct
-{
-    PaSampleFormat hostSampleFormat;
-    unsigned long framesPerBuffer;
-    int numUserChannels, numHostChannels;
-    int userInterleaved, hostInterleaved;
-
-    snd_pcm_t *pcm;
-    snd_pcm_uframes_t bufferSize;
-    snd_pcm_format_t nativeFormat;
-    unsigned int nfds;
-    int ready;  /* Marked ready from poll */
-    void **userBuffers;
-    snd_pcm_uframes_t offset;
-    StreamDirection streamDir;
-
-    snd_pcm_channel_area_t *channelAreas;  /* Needed for channel adaption */
-} PaAlsaStreamComponent;
-
-/* Implementation specific stream structure */
-typedef struct PaAlsaStream
-{
-    PaUtilStreamRepresentation streamRepresentation;
-    PaUtilCpuLoadMeasurer cpuLoadMeasurer;
-    PaUtilBufferProcessor bufferProcessor;
-    PaAlsaThreading threading;
-
-    unsigned long framesPerUserBuffer, maxFramesPerHostBuffer;
-
-    int primeBuffers;
-    int callbackMode;              /* bool: are we running in callback mode? */
-    int pcmsSynced;	            /* Have we successfully synced pcms */
-
-    /* the callback thread uses these to poll the sound device(s), waiting
-     * for data to be ready/available */
-    struct pollfd* pfds;
-    int pollTimeout;
-
-    /* Used in communication between threads */
-    volatile sig_atomic_t callback_finished; /* bool: are we in the "callback finished" state? */
-    volatile sig_atomic_t callbackAbort;    /* Drop frames? */
-    volatile sig_atomic_t callbackStop;     /* Signal a stop */
-    volatile sig_atomic_t isActive;         /* Is stream in active state? (Between StartStream and StopStream || !paContinue) */
-    pthread_mutex_t stateMtx;               /* Used to synchronize access to stream state */
-    pthread_mutex_t startMtx;               /* Used to synchronize stream start in callback mode */
-    pthread_cond_t startCond;               /* Wait untill audio is started in callback thread */
-
-    int neverDropInput;
-
-    PaTime underrun;
-    PaTime overrun;
-
-    PaAlsaStreamComponent capture, playback;
-}
-PaAlsaStream;
-
-/* PaAlsaHostApiRepresentation - host api datastructure specific to this implementation */
-
-typedef struct PaAlsaHostApiRepresentation
-{
-    PaUtilHostApiRepresentation baseHostApiRep;
-    PaUtilStreamInterface callbackStreamInterface;
-    PaUtilStreamInterface blockingStreamInterface;
-
-    PaUtilAllocationGroup *allocations;
-
-    PaHostApiIndex hostApiIndex;
-}
-PaAlsaHostApiRepresentation;
-
-typedef struct PaAlsaDeviceInfo
-{
-    PaDeviceInfo baseDeviceInfo;
-    char *alsaName;
-    int isPlug;
-    int minInputChannels;
-    int minOutputChannels;
-}
-PaAlsaDeviceInfo;
-
-/* Threading utilities */
-
-static void InitializeThreading( PaAlsaThreading *th, PaUtilCpuLoadMeasurer *clm )
-{
-    th->watchdogRunning = 0;
-    th->rtSched = 0;
-    th->callbackTime = 0;
-    th->callbackCpuTime = 0;
-    th->useWatchdog = 1;
-    th->throttledSleepTime = 0;
-    th->cpuLoadMeasurer = clm;
-
-    th->rtPrio = (sched_get_priority_max( SCHED_FIFO ) - sched_get_priority_min( SCHED_FIFO )) / 2
-            + sched_get_priority_min( SCHED_FIFO );
-}
-
-static PaError KillCallbackThread( PaAlsaThreading *th, int wait, PaError *exitResult, PaError *watchdogExitResult )
-{
-    PaError result = paNoError;
-    void *pret;
-
-    if( exitResult )
-        *exitResult = paNoError;
-    if( watchdogExitResult )
-        *watchdogExitResult = paNoError;
-
-    if( th->watchdogRunning )
-    {
-        pthread_cancel( th->watchdogThread );
-        ENSURE_SYSTEM_( pthread_join( th->watchdogThread, &pret ), 0 );
-
-        if( pret && pret != PTHREAD_CANCELED )
-        {
-            if( watchdogExitResult )
-                *watchdogExitResult = *(PaError *) pret;
-            free( pret );
-        }
-    }
-
-    /* Only kill the thread if it isn't in the process of stopping (flushing adaptation buffers) */
-    /* TODO: Make join time out */
-    if( !wait )
-    {
-        PA_DEBUG(( "%s: Canceling thread %d\n", __FUNCTION__, th->callbackThread ));
-        pthread_cancel( th->callbackThread );   /* XXX: Safe to call this if the thread has exited on its own? */
-    }
-    PA_DEBUG(( "%s: Joining thread %d\n", __FUNCTION__, th->callbackThread ));
-    ENSURE_SYSTEM_( pthread_join( th->callbackThread, &pret ), 0 );
-
-    if( pret && pret != PTHREAD_CANCELED )
-    {
-        if( exitResult )
-            *exitResult = *(PaError *) pret;
-        free( pret );
-    }
-
-error:
-    return result;
-}
-
-/** Lock a pthread_mutex_t.
- *
- * @concern ThreadCancellation We're disabling thread cancellation while the thread is holding a lock, so mutexes are 
- * properly unlocked at termination time.
- */
-static PaError LockMutex( pthread_mutex_t *mtx )
-{
-    PaError result = paNoError;
-    int oldState;
-    
-    ENSURE_SYSTEM_( pthread_setcancelstate( PTHREAD_CANCEL_DISABLE, &oldState ), 0 );
-    ENSURE_SYSTEM_( pthread_mutex_lock( mtx ), 0 );
-
-error:
-    return result;
-}
-
-/** Unlock a pthread_mutex_t.
- *
- * @concern ThreadCancellation Thread cancellation is enabled again after the mutex is properly unlocked.
- */
-static PaError UnlockMutex( pthread_mutex_t *mtx )
-{
-    PaError result = paNoError;
-    int oldState;
-
-    ENSURE_SYSTEM_( pthread_mutex_unlock( mtx ), 0 );
-    ENSURE_SYSTEM_( pthread_setcancelstate( PTHREAD_CANCEL_ENABLE, &oldState ), 0 );
-
-error:
-    return result;
-}
-
-static void OnWatchdogExit( void *userData )
-{
-    PaAlsaThreading *th = (PaAlsaThreading *) userData;
-    struct sched_param spm = { 0 };
-    assert( th );
-
-    ASSERT_CALL_( pthread_setschedparam( th->callbackThread, SCHED_OTHER, &spm ), 0 );    /* Lower before exiting */
-    PA_DEBUG(( "Watchdog exiting\n" ));
-}
-
-static PaError BoostPriority( PaAlsaThreading *th )
-{
-    PaError result = paNoError;
-    struct sched_param spm = { 0 };
-    spm.sched_priority = th->rtPrio;
-
-    assert( th );
-
-    if( pthread_setschedparam( th->callbackThread, SCHED_FIFO, &spm ) != 0 )
-    {
-        PA_UNLESS( errno == EPERM, paInternalError );  /* Lack permission to raise priority */
-        PA_DEBUG(( "Failed bumping priority\n" ));
-        result = 0;
-    }
-    else
-        result = 1; /* Success */
-error:
-    return result;
-}
-
-static void *WatchdogFunc( void *userData )
-{
-    PaError result = paNoError, *pres = NULL;
-    int err;
-    PaAlsaThreading *th = (PaAlsaThreading *) userData;
-    unsigned intervalMsec = 500;
-    const PaTime maxSeconds = 3.;   /* Max seconds between callbacks */
-    PaTime timeThen = PaUtil_GetTime(), timeNow, timeElapsed, cpuTimeThen, cpuTimeNow, cpuTimeElapsed;
-    double cpuLoad, avgCpuLoad = 0.;
-    int throttled = 0;
-
-    assert( th );
-
-    /* Execute OnWatchdogExit when exiting */
-    pthread_cleanup_push( &OnWatchdogExit, th );
-
-    /* Boost priority of callback thread */
-    PA_ENSURE( result = BoostPriority( th ) );
-    if( !result )
-    {
-        /* Boost failed, might as well exit */
-        pthread_exit( NULL );
-    }
-
-    cpuTimeThen = th->callbackCpuTime;
-    {
-        int policy;
-        struct sched_param spm = { 0 };
-        pthread_getschedparam( pthread_self(), &policy, &spm );
-        PA_DEBUG(( "%s: Watchdog priority is %d\n", __FUNCTION__, spm.sched_priority ));
-    }
-
-    while( 1 )
-    {
-        double lowpassCoeff = 0.9, lowpassCoeff1 = 0.99999 - lowpassCoeff;
-        
-        /* Test before and after in case whatever underlying sleep call isn't interrupted by pthread_cancel */
-        pthread_testcancel();
-        Pa_Sleep( intervalMsec );
-        pthread_testcancel();
-
-        if( PaUtil_GetTime() - th->callbackTime > maxSeconds )
-        {
-            PA_DEBUG(( "Watchdog: Terminating callback thread\n" ));
-            /* Tell thread to terminate */
-            err = pthread_kill( th->callbackThread, SIGKILL );
-            pthread_exit( NULL );
-        }
-
-        PA_DEBUG(( "%s: PortAudio reports CPU load: %g\n", __FUNCTION__, PaUtil_GetCpuLoad( th->cpuLoadMeasurer ) ));
-
-        /* Check if we should throttle, or unthrottle :P */
-        cpuTimeNow = th->callbackCpuTime;
-        cpuTimeElapsed = cpuTimeNow - cpuTimeThen;
-        cpuTimeThen = cpuTimeNow;
-
-        timeNow = PaUtil_GetTime();
-        timeElapsed = timeNow - timeThen;
-        timeThen = timeNow;
-        cpuLoad = cpuTimeElapsed / timeElapsed;
-        avgCpuLoad = avgCpuLoad * lowpassCoeff + cpuLoad * lowpassCoeff1;
-        /*
-        if( throttled )
-            PA_DEBUG(( "Watchdog: CPU load: %g, %g\n", avgCpuLoad, cpuTimeElapsed ));
-            */
-        if( PaUtil_GetCpuLoad( th->cpuLoadMeasurer ) > .925 )
-        {
-            static int policy;
-            static struct sched_param spm = { 0 };
-            static const struct sched_param defaultSpm = { 0 };
-            PA_DEBUG(( "%s: Throttling audio thread, priority %d\n", __FUNCTION__, spm.sched_priority ));
-
-            pthread_getschedparam( th->callbackThread, &policy, &spm );
-            if( !pthread_setschedparam( th->callbackThread, SCHED_OTHER, &defaultSpm ) )
-            {
-                throttled = 1;
-            }
-            else
-                PA_DEBUG(( "Watchdog: Couldn't lower priority of audio thread: %s\n", strerror( errno ) ));
-
-            /* Give other processes a go, before raising priority again */
-            PA_DEBUG(( "%s: Watchdog sleeping for %lu msecs before unthrottling\n", __FUNCTION__, th->throttledSleepTime ));
-            Pa_Sleep( th->throttledSleepTime );
-
-            /* Reset callback priority */
-            if( pthread_setschedparam( th->callbackThread, SCHED_FIFO, &spm ) != 0 )
-            {
-                PA_DEBUG(( "%s: Couldn't raise priority of audio thread: %s\n", __FUNCTION__, strerror( errno ) ));
-            }
-
-            if( PaUtil_GetCpuLoad( th->cpuLoadMeasurer ) >= .99 )
-                intervalMsec = 50;
-            else
-                intervalMsec = 100;
-
-            /*
-            lowpassCoeff = .97;
-            lowpassCoeff1 = .99999 - lowpassCoeff;
-            */
-        }
-        else if( throttled && avgCpuLoad < .8 )
-        {
-            intervalMsec = 500;
-            throttled = 0;
-
-            /*
-            lowpassCoeff = .9;
-            lowpassCoeff1 = .99999 - lowpassCoeff;
-            */
-        }
-    }
-
-    pthread_cleanup_pop( 1 );   /* Execute cleanup on exit */
-
-error:
-    /* Shouldn't get here in the normal case */
-
-    /* Pass on error code */
-    pres = malloc( sizeof (PaError) );
-    *pres = result;
-    
-    pthread_exit( pres );
-}
-
-static PaError CreateCallbackThread( PaAlsaThreading *th, void *(*callbackThreadFunc)( void * ), PaStream *s )
-{
-    PaError result = paNoError;
-    pthread_attr_t attr;
-    int started = 0;
-
-#if defined _POSIX_MEMLOCK && (_POSIX_MEMLOCK != -1)
-    if( th->rtSched )
-    {
-        if( mlockall( MCL_CURRENT | MCL_FUTURE ) < 0 )
-        {
-            int savedErrno = errno;             /* In case errno gets overwritten */
-            assert( savedErrno != EINVAL );     /* Most likely a programmer error */
-            PA_UNLESS( (savedErrno == EPERM), paInternalError );
-            PA_DEBUG(( "%s: Failed locking memory\n", __FUNCTION__ ));
-        }
-        else
-            PA_DEBUG(( "%s: Successfully locked memory\n", __FUNCTION__ ));
-    }
-#endif
-
-    PA_UNLESS( !pthread_attr_init( &attr ), paInternalError );
-    /* Priority relative to other processes */
-    PA_UNLESS( !pthread_attr_setscope( &attr, PTHREAD_SCOPE_SYSTEM ), paInternalError );   
-
-    PA_UNLESS( !pthread_create( &th->callbackThread, &attr, callbackThreadFunc, s ), paInternalError );
-    started = 1;
-
-    if( th->rtSched )
-    {
-        if( th->useWatchdog )
-        {
-            int err;
-            struct sched_param wdSpm = { 0 };
-            /* Launch watchdog, watchdog sets callback thread priority */
-            int prio = PA_MIN( th->rtPrio + 4, sched_get_priority_max( SCHED_FIFO ) );
-            wdSpm.sched_priority = prio;
-
-            PA_UNLESS( !pthread_attr_init( &attr ), paInternalError );
-            PA_UNLESS( !pthread_attr_setinheritsched( &attr, PTHREAD_EXPLICIT_SCHED ), paInternalError );
-            PA_UNLESS( !pthread_attr_setscope( &attr, PTHREAD_SCOPE_SYSTEM ), paInternalError );
-            PA_UNLESS( !pthread_attr_setschedpolicy( &attr, SCHED_FIFO ), paInternalError );
-            PA_UNLESS( !pthread_attr_setschedparam( &attr, &wdSpm ), paInternalError );
-            if( (err = pthread_create( &th->watchdogThread, &attr, &WatchdogFunc, th )) )
-            {
-                PA_UNLESS( err == EPERM, paInternalError );
-                /* Permission error, go on without realtime privileges */
-                PA_DEBUG(( "Failed bumping priority\n" ));
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                int policy;
-                th->watchdogRunning = 1;
-                ENSURE_SYSTEM_( pthread_getschedparam( th->watchdogThread, &policy, &wdSpm ), 0 );
-                /* Check if priority is right, policy could potentially differ from SCHED_FIFO (but that's alright) */
-                if( wdSpm.sched_priority != prio )
-                {
-                    PA_DEBUG(( "Watchdog priority not set correctly (%d)\n", wdSpm.sched_priority ));
-                    PA_ENSURE( paInternalError );
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        else
-            PA_ENSURE( BoostPriority( th ) );
-    }
-
-end:
-    return result;
-error:
-    if( started )
-        KillCallbackThread( th, 0, NULL, NULL );
-
-    goto end;
-}
-
-static void CallbackUpdate( PaAlsaThreading *th )
-{
-    th->callbackTime = PaUtil_GetTime();
-    th->callbackCpuTime = PaUtil_GetCpuLoad( th->cpuLoadMeasurer );
-}
-
-/* prototypes for functions declared in this file */
-
-static void Terminate( struct PaUtilHostApiRepresentation *hostApi );
-static PaError IsFormatSupported( struct PaUtilHostApiRepresentation *hostApi,
-                                  const PaStreamParameters *inputParameters,
-                                  const PaStreamParameters *outputParameters,
-                                  double sampleRate );
-static PaError OpenStream( struct PaUtilHostApiRepresentation *hostApi,
-                           PaStream** s,
-                           const PaStreamParameters *inputParameters,
-                           const PaStreamParameters *outputParameters,
-                           double sampleRate,
-                           unsigned long framesPerBuffer,
-                           PaStreamFlags streamFlags,
-                           PaStreamCallback *callback,
-                           void *userData );
-static PaError CloseStream( PaStream* stream );
-static PaError StartStream( PaStream *stream );
-static PaError StopStream( PaStream *stream );
-static PaError AbortStream( PaStream *stream );
-static PaError IsStreamStopped( PaStream *s );
-static PaError IsStreamActive( PaStream *stream );
-static PaTime GetStreamTime( PaStream *stream );
-static double GetStreamCpuLoad( PaStream* stream );
-static PaError BuildDeviceList( PaAlsaHostApiRepresentation *hostApi );
-static int SetApproximateSampleRate( snd_pcm_t *pcm, snd_pcm_hw_params_t *hwParams, double sampleRate );
-static int GetExactSampleRate( snd_pcm_hw_params_t *hwParams, double *sampleRate );
-
-/* Callback prototypes */
-static void *CallbackThreadFunc( void *userData );
-
-/* Blocking prototypes */
-static signed long GetStreamReadAvailable( PaStream* s );
-static signed long GetStreamWriteAvailable( PaStream* s );
-static PaError ReadStream( PaStream* stream, void *buffer, unsigned long frames );
-static PaError WriteStream( PaStream* stream, const void *buffer, unsigned long frames );
-
-
-static const PaAlsaDeviceInfo *GetDeviceInfo( const PaUtilHostApiRepresentation *hostApi, int device )
-{
-    return (const PaAlsaDeviceInfo *)hostApi->deviceInfos[device];
-}
-
-static void AlsaErrorHandler(const char *file, int line, const char *function, int err, const char *fmt, ...)
-{
-}
-
-PaError PaAlsa_Initialize( PaUtilHostApiRepresentation **hostApi, PaHostApiIndex hostApiIndex )
-{
-    PaError result = paNoError;
-    PaAlsaHostApiRepresentation *alsaHostApi = NULL;
-
-    PA_UNLESS( alsaHostApi = (PaAlsaHostApiRepresentation*) PaUtil_AllocateMemory(
-                sizeof(PaAlsaHostApiRepresentation) ), paInsufficientMemory );
-    PA_UNLESS( alsaHostApi->allocations = PaUtil_CreateAllocationGroup(), paInsufficientMemory );
-    alsaHostApi->hostApiIndex = hostApiIndex;
-
-    *hostApi = (PaUtilHostApiRepresentation*)alsaHostApi;
-    (*hostApi)->info.structVersion = 1;
-    (*hostApi)->info.type = paALSA;
-    (*hostApi)->info.name = "ALSA";
-
-    (*hostApi)->Terminate = Terminate;
-    (*hostApi)->OpenStream = OpenStream;
-    (*hostApi)->IsFormatSupported = IsFormatSupported;
-
-    ENSURE_( snd_lib_error_set_handler(AlsaErrorHandler), paUnanticipatedHostError );
-
-    PA_ENSURE( BuildDeviceList( alsaHostApi ) );
-
-    PaUtil_InitializeStreamInterface( &alsaHostApi->callbackStreamInterface,
-                                      CloseStream, StartStream,
-                                      StopStream, AbortStream,
-                                      IsStreamStopped, IsStreamActive,
-                                      GetStreamTime, GetStreamCpuLoad,
-                                      PaUtil_DummyRead, PaUtil_DummyWrite,
-                                      PaUtil_DummyGetReadAvailable,
-                                      PaUtil_DummyGetWriteAvailable );
-
-    PaUtil_InitializeStreamInterface( &alsaHostApi->blockingStreamInterface,
-                                      CloseStream, StartStream,
-                                      StopStream, AbortStream,
-                                      IsStreamStopped, IsStreamActive,
-                                      GetStreamTime, PaUtil_DummyGetCpuLoad,
-                                      ReadStream, WriteStream,
-                                      GetStreamReadAvailable,
-                                      GetStreamWriteAvailable );
-
-    return result;
-
-error:
-    if( alsaHostApi )
-    {
-        if( alsaHostApi->allocations )
-        {
-            PaUtil_FreeAllAllocations( alsaHostApi->allocations );
-            PaUtil_DestroyAllocationGroup( alsaHostApi->allocations );
-        }
-
-        PaUtil_FreeMemory( alsaHostApi );
-    }
-
-    return result;
-}
-
-static void Terminate( struct PaUtilHostApiRepresentation *hostApi )
-{
-    PaAlsaHostApiRepresentation *alsaHostApi = (PaAlsaHostApiRepresentation*)hostApi;
-
-    assert( hostApi );
-
-    if( alsaHostApi->allocations )
-    {
-        PaUtil_FreeAllAllocations( alsaHostApi->allocations );
-        PaUtil_DestroyAllocationGroup( alsaHostApi->allocations );
-    }
-
-    PaUtil_FreeMemory( alsaHostApi );
-    snd_config_update_free_global();
-}
-
-/** Determine max channels and default latencies.
- *
- * This function provides functionality to grope an opened (might be opened for capture or playback) pcm device for 
- * traits like max channels, suitable default latencies and default sample rate. Upon error, max channels is set to zero,
- * and a suitable result returned. The device is closed before returning.
- */
-static PaError GropeDevice( snd_pcm_t* pcm, int isPlug, StreamDirection mode, int openBlocking,
-        PaAlsaDeviceInfo* devInfo, int* canMmap )
-{
-    PaError result = paNoError;
-    snd_pcm_hw_params_t *hwParams;
-    snd_pcm_uframes_t lowLatency = 512, highLatency = 2048;
-    unsigned int minChans, maxChans;
-    int* minChannels, * maxChannels;
-    double * defaultLowLatency, * defaultHighLatency, * defaultSampleRate =
-        &devInfo->baseDeviceInfo.defaultSampleRate;
-    double defaultSr = *defaultSampleRate;
-
-    assert( pcm );
-
-    if( StreamDirection_In == mode )
-    {
-        minChannels = &devInfo->minInputChannels;
-        maxChannels = &devInfo->baseDeviceInfo.maxInputChannels;
-        defaultLowLatency = &devInfo->baseDeviceInfo.defaultLowInputLatency;
-        defaultHighLatency = &devInfo->baseDeviceInfo.defaultHighInputLatency;
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        minChannels = &devInfo->minOutputChannels;
-        maxChannels = &devInfo->baseDeviceInfo.maxOutputChannels;
-        defaultLowLatency = &devInfo->baseDeviceInfo.defaultLowOutputLatency;
-        defaultHighLatency = &devInfo->baseDeviceInfo.defaultHighOutputLatency;
-    }
-
-    ENSURE_( snd_pcm_nonblock( pcm, 0 ), paUnanticipatedHostError );
-
-    snd_pcm_hw_params_alloca( &hwParams );
-    snd_pcm_hw_params_any( pcm, hwParams );
-
-    *canMmap = snd_pcm_hw_params_test_access( pcm, hwParams, SND_PCM_ACCESS_MMAP_INTERLEAVED ) >= 0 ||
-            snd_pcm_hw_params_test_access( pcm, hwParams, SND_PCM_ACCESS_MMAP_NONINTERLEAVED ) >= 0;
-
-    if( defaultSr >= 0 )
-    {
-        /* Could be that the device opened in one mode supports samplerates that the other mode wont have,
-         * so try again .. */
-        if( SetApproximateSampleRate( pcm, hwParams, defaultSr ) < 0 )
-        {
-            defaultSr = -1.;
-            PA_DEBUG(( "%s: Original default samplerate failed, trying again ..\n", __FUNCTION__ ));
-        }
-    }
-
-    if( defaultSr < 0. )           /* Default sample rate not set */
-    {
-        unsigned int sampleRate = 44100;        /* Will contain approximate rate returned by alsa-lib */
-        if( snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate_near( pcm, hwParams, &sampleRate, NULL ) < 0)
-        {
-            result = paUnanticipatedHostError;
-            goto error;
-        }
-        ENSURE_( GetExactSampleRate( hwParams, &defaultSr ), paUnanticipatedHostError );
-    }
-    
-    ENSURE_( snd_pcm_hw_params_get_channels_min( hwParams, &minChans ), paUnanticipatedHostError );
-    ENSURE_( snd_pcm_hw_params_get_channels_max( hwParams, &maxChans ), paUnanticipatedHostError );
-    assert( maxChans <= INT_MAX );
-    assert( maxChans > 0 );    /* Weird linking issue could cause wrong version of ALSA symbols to be called,
-                                   resulting in zeroed values */
-
-    /* XXX: Limit to sensible number (ALSA plugins accept a crazy amount of channels)? */
-    if( isPlug && maxChans > 128 )
-    {
-        maxChans = 128;
-        PA_DEBUG(( "%s: Limiting number of plugin channels to %u\n", __FUNCTION__, maxChans ));
-    }
-
-    /* TWEAKME:
-     *
-     * Giving values for default min and max latency is not
-     * straightforward.  Here are our objectives:
-     *
-     *         * for low latency, we want to give the lowest value
-     *         that will work reliably.  This varies based on the
-     *         sound card, kernel, CPU, etc.  I think it is better
-     *         to give sub-optimal latency than to give a number
-     *         too low and cause dropouts.  My conservative
-     *         estimate at this point is to base it on 4096-sample
-     *         latency at 44.1 kHz, which gives a latency of 23ms.
-     *         * for high latency we want to give a large enough
-     *         value that dropouts are basically impossible.  This
-     *         doesn't really require as much tweaking, since
-     *         providing too large a number will just cause us to
-     *         select the nearest setting that will work at stream
-     *         config time.
-     */
-    ENSURE_( snd_pcm_hw_params_set_buffer_size_near( pcm, hwParams, &lowLatency ), paUnanticipatedHostError );
-
-    /* Have to reset hwParams, to set new buffer size */
-    ENSURE_( snd_pcm_hw_params_any( pcm, hwParams ), paUnanticipatedHostError ); 
-    ENSURE_( snd_pcm_hw_params_set_buffer_size_near( pcm, hwParams, &highLatency ), paUnanticipatedHostError );
-
-    *minChannels = (int)minChans;
-    *maxChannels = (int)maxChans;
-    *defaultSampleRate = defaultSr;
-    *defaultLowLatency = (double) lowLatency / *defaultSampleRate;
-    *defaultHighLatency = (double) highLatency / *defaultSampleRate;
-
-end:
-    snd_pcm_close( pcm );
-    return result;
-
-error:
-    goto end;
-}
-
-/* Initialize device info with invalid values (maxInputChannels and maxOutputChannels are set to zero since these indicate
- * wether input/output is available) */
-static void InitializeDeviceInfo( PaDeviceInfo *deviceInfo )
-{
-    deviceInfo->structVersion = -1;
-    deviceInfo->name = NULL;
-    deviceInfo->hostApi = -1;
-    deviceInfo->maxInputChannels = 0;
-    deviceInfo->maxOutputChannels = 0;
-    deviceInfo->defaultLowInputLatency = -1.;
-    deviceInfo->defaultLowOutputLatency = -1.;
-    deviceInfo->defaultHighInputLatency = -1.;
-    deviceInfo->defaultHighOutputLatency = -1.;
-    deviceInfo->defaultSampleRate = -1.;
-}
-
-/* Helper struct */
-typedef struct
-{
-    char *alsaName;
-    char *name;
-    int isPlug;
-    int hasPlayback;
-    int hasCapture;
-} DeviceNames;
-
-static PaError PaAlsa_StrDup( PaAlsaHostApiRepresentation *alsaApi,
-        char **dst,
-        const char *src)
-{
-    PaError result = paNoError;
-    int len = strlen( src ) + 1;
-
-    /* PA_DEBUG(("PaStrDup %s %d\n", src, len)); */
-
-    PA_UNLESS( *dst = (char *)PaUtil_GroupAllocateMemory( alsaApi->allocations, len ),
-            paInsufficientMemory );
-    strncpy( *dst, src, len );
-
-error:
-    return result;
-}
-
-/* Disregard some standard plugins
- */
-static int IgnorePlugin( const char *pluginId )
-{
-    /* XXX: dmix and default ignored because after opening and closing, they seem to keep hogging resources.
-     */
-    static const char *ignoredPlugins[] = {"hw", "plughw", "plug", "dsnoop", "tee",
-        "file", "null", "shm", "cards", "dmix", "default", NULL};
-    int i = 0;
-    while( ignoredPlugins[i] )
-    {
-        if( !strcmp( pluginId, ignoredPlugins[i] ) )
-        {
-            return 1;
-        }
-        ++i;
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/* Build PaDeviceInfo list, ignore devices for which we cannot determine capabilities (possibly busy, sigh) */
-static PaError BuildDeviceList( PaAlsaHostApiRepresentation *alsaApi )
-{
-    PaUtilHostApiRepresentation *baseApi = &alsaApi->baseHostApiRep;
-    PaAlsaDeviceInfo *deviceInfoArray;
-    int cardIdx = -1, devIdx = 0;
-    snd_ctl_card_info_t *cardInfo;
-    PaError result = paNoError;
-    size_t numDeviceNames = 0, maxDeviceNames = 1, i;
-    DeviceNames *deviceNames = NULL;
-    snd_config_t *topNode = NULL;
-    snd_pcm_info_t *pcmInfo;
-    int res;
-    int blocking = SND_PCM_NONBLOCK;
-    char alsaCardName[50];
-    if( getenv( "PA_ALSA_INITIALIZE_BLOCK" ) && atoi( getenv( "PA_ALSA_INITIALIZE_BLOCK" ) ) )
-        blocking = 0;
-
-    /* These two will be set to the first working input and output device, respectively */
-    baseApi->info.defaultInputDevice = paNoDevice;
-    baseApi->info.defaultOutputDevice = paNoDevice;
-
-    /* count the devices by enumerating all the card numbers */
-
-    /* snd_card_next() modifies the integer passed to it to be:
-     *      the index of the first card if the parameter is -1
-     *      the index of the next card if the parameter is the index of a card
-     *      -1 if there are no more cards
-     *
-     * The function itself returns 0 if it succeeded. */
-    cardIdx = -1;
-    snd_ctl_card_info_alloca( &cardInfo );
-    snd_pcm_info_alloca( &pcmInfo );
-    while( snd_card_next( &cardIdx ) == 0 && cardIdx >= 0 )
-    {
-        char *cardName;
-        int devIdx = -1;
-        snd_ctl_t *ctl;
-        char buf[50];
-
-        snprintf( alsaCardName, sizeof (alsaCardName), "hw:%d", cardIdx );
-
-        /* Acquire name of card */
-        if( snd_ctl_open( &ctl, alsaCardName, 0 ) < 0 )
-        {
-            /* Unable to open card :( */
-            continue;
-        }
-        snd_ctl_card_info( ctl, cardInfo );
-
-        PA_ENSURE( PaAlsa_StrDup( alsaApi, &cardName, snd_ctl_card_info_get_name( cardInfo )) );
-
-        while( snd_ctl_pcm_next_device( ctl, &devIdx ) == 0 && devIdx >= 0 )
-        {
-            char *alsaDeviceName, *deviceName;
-            size_t len;
-            int hasPlayback = 0, hasCapture = 0;
-            snprintf( buf, sizeof (buf), "%s:%d,%d", "hw", cardIdx, devIdx );
-
-            /* Obtain info about this particular device */
-            snd_pcm_info_set_device( pcmInfo, devIdx );
-            snd_pcm_info_set_subdevice( pcmInfo, 0 );
-            snd_pcm_info_set_stream( pcmInfo, SND_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE );
-            if( snd_ctl_pcm_info( ctl, pcmInfo ) >= 0 )
-            {
-                hasCapture = 1;
-            }
-            
-            snd_pcm_info_set_stream( pcmInfo, SND_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK );
-            if( snd_ctl_pcm_info( ctl, pcmInfo ) >= 0 )
-            {
-                hasPlayback = 1;
-            }
-
-            if( !hasPlayback && !hasCapture )
-            {
-                continue;   /* Error */
-            }
-
-            /* The length of the string written by snprintf plus terminating 0 */
-            len = snprintf( NULL, 0, "%s: %s (%s)", cardName, snd_pcm_info_get_name( pcmInfo ), buf ) + 1;
-            PA_UNLESS( deviceName = (char *)PaUtil_GroupAllocateMemory( alsaApi->allocations, len ),
-                    paInsufficientMemory );
-            snprintf( deviceName, len, "%s: %s (%s)", cardName,
-                    snd_pcm_info_get_name( pcmInfo ), buf );
-
-            ++numDeviceNames;
-            if( !deviceNames || numDeviceNames > maxDeviceNames )
-            {
-                maxDeviceNames *= 2;
-                PA_UNLESS( deviceNames = (DeviceNames *) realloc( deviceNames, maxDeviceNames * sizeof (DeviceNames) ),
-                        paInsufficientMemory );
-            }
-
-            PA_ENSURE( PaAlsa_StrDup( alsaApi, &alsaDeviceName, buf ) );
-
-            deviceNames[ numDeviceNames - 1 ].alsaName = alsaDeviceName;
-            deviceNames[ numDeviceNames - 1 ].name = deviceName;
-            deviceNames[ numDeviceNames - 1 ].isPlug = 0;
-            deviceNames[ numDeviceNames - 1 ].hasPlayback = hasPlayback;
-            deviceNames[ numDeviceNames - 1 ].hasCapture = hasCapture;
-        }
-        snd_ctl_close( ctl );
-    }
-
-    /* Iterate over plugin devices */
-    if( NULL == snd_config )
-    {
-        /* snd_config_update is called implicitly by some functions, if this hasn't happened snd_config will be NULL (bleh) */
-        ENSURE_( snd_config_update(), paUnanticipatedHostError );
-        PA_DEBUG(( "Updating snd_config\n" ));
-    }
-    assert( snd_config );
-    if( (res = snd_config_search( snd_config, "pcm", &topNode )) >= 0 )
-    {
-        snd_config_iterator_t i, next;
-
-        snd_config_for_each( i, next, topNode )
-        {
-            const char *tpStr = "unknown", *idStr = NULL;
-            int err = 0;
-
-            char *alsaDeviceName, *deviceName;
-            snd_config_t *n = snd_config_iterator_entry( i ), * tp = NULL;;
-
-            if( (err = snd_config_search( n, "type", &tp )) < 0 )
-            {
-                if( -ENOENT != err )
-                {
-                    ENSURE_(err, paUnanticipatedHostError);
-                }
-            }
-            else 
-            {
-                ENSURE_( snd_config_get_string( tp, &tpStr ), paUnanticipatedHostError );
-            }
-            ENSURE_( snd_config_get_id( n, &idStr ), paUnanticipatedHostError );
-            if( IgnorePlugin( idStr ) )
-            {
-                PA_DEBUG(( "%s: Ignoring ALSA plugin device %s of type %s\n", __FUNCTION__, idStr, tpStr ));
-                continue;
-            }
-            PA_DEBUG(( "%s: Found plugin %s of type %s\n", __FUNCTION__, idStr, tpStr ));
-
-            PA_UNLESS( alsaDeviceName = (char*)PaUtil_GroupAllocateMemory( alsaApi->allocations,
-                                                            strlen(idStr) + 6 ), paInsufficientMemory );
-            strcpy( alsaDeviceName, idStr );
-            PA_UNLESS( deviceName = (char*)PaUtil_GroupAllocateMemory( alsaApi->allocations,
-                                                            strlen(idStr) + 1 ), paInsufficientMemory );
-            strcpy( deviceName, idStr );
-
-            ++numDeviceNames;
-            if( !deviceNames || numDeviceNames > maxDeviceNames )
-            {
-                maxDeviceNames *= 2;
-                PA_UNLESS( deviceNames = (DeviceNames *) realloc( deviceNames, maxDeviceNames * sizeof (DeviceNames) ),
-                        paInsufficientMemory );
-            }
-
-            deviceNames[numDeviceNames - 1].alsaName = alsaDeviceName;
-            deviceNames[numDeviceNames - 1].name = deviceName;
-            deviceNames[numDeviceNames - 1].isPlug = 1;
-            deviceNames[numDeviceNames - 1].hasPlayback = 1;
-            deviceNames[numDeviceNames - 1].hasCapture = 1;
-        }
-    }
-    else
-        PA_DEBUG(( "%s: Iterating over ALSA plugins failed: %s\n", __FUNCTION__, snd_strerror( res ) ));
-
-    /* allocate deviceInfo memory based on the number of devices */
-    PA_UNLESS( baseApi->deviceInfos = (PaDeviceInfo**)PaUtil_GroupAllocateMemory(
-            alsaApi->allocations, sizeof(PaDeviceInfo*) * (numDeviceNames) ), paInsufficientMemory );
-
-    /* allocate all device info structs in a contiguous block */
-    PA_UNLESS( deviceInfoArray = (PaAlsaDeviceInfo*)PaUtil_GroupAllocateMemory(
-            alsaApi->allocations, sizeof(PaAlsaDeviceInfo) * numDeviceNames ), paInsufficientMemory );
-
-    /* Loop over list of cards, filling in info, if a device is deemed unavailable (can't get name),
-     * it's ignored.
-     */
-    /* while( snd_card_next( &cardIdx ) == 0 && cardIdx >= 0 ) */
-    for( i = 0, devIdx = 0; i < numDeviceNames; ++i )
-    {
-        snd_pcm_t *pcm;
-        PaAlsaDeviceInfo *deviceInfo = &deviceInfoArray[devIdx];
-        PaDeviceInfo *baseDeviceInfo = &deviceInfo->baseDeviceInfo;
-        int canMmap = -1;
-
-        /* Zero fields */
-        InitializeDeviceInfo( baseDeviceInfo );
-
-        /* to determine device capabilities, we must open the device and query the
-         * hardware parameter configuration space */
-
-        /* Query capture */
-        if( deviceNames[i].hasCapture &&
-                snd_pcm_open( &pcm, deviceNames[i].alsaName, SND_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE, blocking ) >= 0 )
-        {
-            if( GropeDevice( pcm, deviceNames[i].isPlug, StreamDirection_In, blocking, deviceInfo,
-                        &canMmap ) != paNoError )
-            {
-                /* Error */
-                PA_DEBUG(("%s: Failed groping %s for capture\n", __FUNCTION__, deviceNames[i].alsaName));
-                continue;
-            }
-        }
-
-        /* Query playback */
-        if( deviceNames[i].hasPlayback &&
-                snd_pcm_open( &pcm, deviceNames[i].alsaName, SND_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK, blocking ) >= 0 )
-        {
-            if( GropeDevice( pcm, deviceNames[i].isPlug, StreamDirection_Out, blocking, deviceInfo,
-                        &canMmap ) != paNoError )
-            {
-                /* Error */
-                PA_DEBUG(("%s: Failed groping %s for playback\n", __FUNCTION__, deviceNames[i].alsaName));
-                continue;
-            }
-        }
-
-        if( 0 == canMmap )
-        {
-            PA_DEBUG(("%s: Device %s doesn't support mmap\n", __FUNCTION__, deviceNames[i].alsaName));
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        baseDeviceInfo->structVersion = 2;
-        baseDeviceInfo->hostApi = alsaApi->hostApiIndex;
-        baseDeviceInfo->name = deviceNames[i].name;
-        deviceInfo->alsaName = deviceNames[i].alsaName;
-        deviceInfo->isPlug = deviceNames[i].isPlug;
-
-        /* A: Storing pointer to PaAlsaDeviceInfo object as pointer to PaDeviceInfo object.
-         * Should now be safe to add device info, unless the device supports neither capture nor playback
-         */
-        if( baseDeviceInfo->maxInputChannels > 0 || baseDeviceInfo->maxOutputChannels > 0 )
-        {
-            if( baseApi->info.defaultInputDevice == paNoDevice && baseDeviceInfo->maxInputChannels > 0 )
-                baseApi->info.defaultInputDevice = devIdx;
-            if(  baseApi->info.defaultOutputDevice == paNoDevice && baseDeviceInfo->maxOutputChannels > 0 )
-                baseApi->info.defaultOutputDevice = devIdx;
-            PA_DEBUG(("%s: Adding device %s\n", __FUNCTION__, deviceNames[i].name));
-            baseApi->deviceInfos[devIdx++] = (PaDeviceInfo *) deviceInfo;
-        }
-    }
-    free( deviceNames );
-
-    baseApi->info.deviceCount = devIdx;   /* Number of successfully queried devices */
-
-end:
-    return result;
-
-error:
-    /* No particular action */
-    goto end;
-}
-
-/* Check against known device capabilities */
-static PaError ValidateParameters( const PaStreamParameters *parameters, PaUtilHostApiRepresentation *hostApi, StreamDirection mode )
-{
-    PaError result = paNoError;
-    int maxChans;
-    const PaAlsaDeviceInfo *deviceInfo = NULL;
-    assert( parameters );
-
-    if( parameters->device != paUseHostApiSpecificDeviceSpecification )
-    {
-        assert( parameters->device < hostApi->info.deviceCount );
-        PA_UNLESS( parameters->hostApiSpecificStreamInfo == NULL, paBadIODeviceCombination );
-        deviceInfo = GetDeviceInfo( hostApi, parameters->device );
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        const PaAlsaStreamInfo *streamInfo = parameters->hostApiSpecificStreamInfo;
-
-        PA_UNLESS( parameters->device == paUseHostApiSpecificDeviceSpecification, paInvalidDevice );
-        PA_UNLESS( streamInfo->size == sizeof (PaAlsaStreamInfo) && streamInfo->version == 1,
-                paIncompatibleHostApiSpecificStreamInfo );
-        PA_UNLESS( streamInfo->deviceString != NULL, paInvalidDevice );
-
-        /* Skip further checking */
-        return paNoError;
-    }
-
-    assert( deviceInfo );
-    assert( parameters->hostApiSpecificStreamInfo == NULL );
-    maxChans = (StreamDirection_In == mode ? deviceInfo->baseDeviceInfo.maxInputChannels :
-        deviceInfo->baseDeviceInfo.maxOutputChannels);
-    PA_UNLESS( parameters->channelCount <= maxChans, paInvalidChannelCount );
-
-error:
-    return result;
-}
-
-/* Given an open stream, what sample formats are available? */
-static PaSampleFormat GetAvailableFormats( snd_pcm_t *pcm )
-{
-    PaSampleFormat available = 0;
-    snd_pcm_hw_params_t *hwParams;
-    snd_pcm_hw_params_alloca( &hwParams );
-
-    snd_pcm_hw_params_any( pcm, hwParams );
-
-    if( snd_pcm_hw_params_test_format( pcm, hwParams, SND_PCM_FORMAT_FLOAT ) >= 0)
-        available |= paFloat32;
-
-    if( snd_pcm_hw_params_test_format( pcm, hwParams, SND_PCM_FORMAT_S32 ) >= 0)
-        available |= paInt32;
-
-    if( snd_pcm_hw_params_test_format( pcm, hwParams, SND_PCM_FORMAT_S24 ) >= 0)
-        available |= paInt24;
-
-    if( snd_pcm_hw_params_test_format( pcm, hwParams, SND_PCM_FORMAT_S16 ) >= 0)
-        available |= paInt16;
-
-    if( snd_pcm_hw_params_test_format( pcm, hwParams, SND_PCM_FORMAT_U8 ) >= 0)
-        available |= paUInt8;
-
-    if( snd_pcm_hw_params_test_format( pcm, hwParams, SND_PCM_FORMAT_S8 ) >= 0)
-        available |= paInt8;
-
-    return available;
-}
-
-static snd_pcm_format_t Pa2AlsaFormat( PaSampleFormat paFormat )
-{
-    switch( paFormat )
-    {
-        case paFloat32:
-            return SND_PCM_FORMAT_FLOAT;
-
-        case paInt16:
-            return SND_PCM_FORMAT_S16;
-
-        case paInt24:
-            return SND_PCM_FORMAT_S24;
-
-        case paInt32:
-            return SND_PCM_FORMAT_S32;
-
-        case paInt8:
-            return SND_PCM_FORMAT_S8;
-
-        case paUInt8:
-            return SND_PCM_FORMAT_U8;
-
-        default:
-            return SND_PCM_FORMAT_UNKNOWN;
-    }
-}
-
-/** Open an ALSA pcm handle.
- * 
- * The device to be open can be specified in a custom PaAlsaStreamInfo struct, or it will be a device number. In case of a
- * device number, it maybe specified through an env variable (PA_ALSA_PLUGHW) that we should open the corresponding plugin
- * device.
- */
-static PaError AlsaOpen( const PaUtilHostApiRepresentation *hostApi, const PaStreamParameters *params, StreamDirection
-        streamDir, snd_pcm_t **pcm )
-{
-    PaError result = paNoError;
-    int ret;
-    const char *deviceName = alloca( 50 );
-    const PaAlsaDeviceInfo *deviceInfo = NULL;
-    PaAlsaStreamInfo *streamInfo = (PaAlsaStreamInfo *)params->hostApiSpecificStreamInfo;
-
-    if( !streamInfo )
-    {
-        int usePlug = 0;
-        deviceInfo = GetDeviceInfo( hostApi, params->device );
-        
-        /* If device name starts with hw: and PA_ALSA_PLUGHW is 1, we open the plughw device instead */
-        if( !strncmp( "hw:", deviceInfo->alsaName, 3 ) && getenv( "PA_ALSA_PLUGHW" ) )
-            usePlug = atoi( getenv( "PA_ALSA_PLUGHW" ) );
-        if( usePlug )
-            snprintf( (char *) deviceName, 50, "plug%s", deviceInfo->alsaName );
-        else
-            deviceName = deviceInfo->alsaName;
-    }
-    else
-        deviceName = streamInfo->deviceString;
-
-    PA_DEBUG(( "%s: Opening device %s\n", __FUNCTION__, deviceName ));
-    if( (ret = snd_pcm_open( pcm, deviceName, streamDir == StreamDirection_In ? SND_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE : SND_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK,
-                    SND_PCM_NONBLOCK )) < 0 )
-    {
-        /* Not to be closed */
-        *pcm = NULL;
-        ENSURE_( ret, ret == -EBUSY ? paDeviceUnavailable : paBadIODeviceCombination );
-    }
-    ENSURE_( snd_pcm_nonblock( *pcm, 0 ), paUnanticipatedHostError );
-
-end:
-    return result;
-
-error:
-    goto end;
-}
-
-static PaError TestParameters( const PaUtilHostApiRepresentation *hostApi, const PaStreamParameters *parameters,
-        double sampleRate, StreamDirection streamDir )
-{
-    PaError result = paNoError;
-    snd_pcm_t *pcm = NULL;
-    PaSampleFormat availableFormats;
-    /* We are able to adapt to a number of channels less than what the device supports */
-    unsigned int numHostChannels;
-    PaSampleFormat hostFormat;
-    snd_pcm_hw_params_t *hwParams;
-    snd_pcm_hw_params_alloca( &hwParams );
-    
-    if( !parameters->hostApiSpecificStreamInfo )
-    {
-        const PaAlsaDeviceInfo *devInfo = GetDeviceInfo( hostApi, parameters->device );
-        numHostChannels = PA_MAX( parameters->channelCount, StreamDirection_In == streamDir ?
-                devInfo->minInputChannels : devInfo->minOutputChannels );
-    }
-    else
-        numHostChannels = parameters->channelCount;
-
-    PA_ENSURE( AlsaOpen( hostApi, parameters, streamDir, &pcm ) );
-
-    snd_pcm_hw_params_any( pcm, hwParams );
-
-    if( SetApproximateSampleRate( pcm, hwParams, sampleRate ) < 0 )
-    {
-        result = paInvalidSampleRate;
-        goto error;
-    }
-
-    if( snd_pcm_hw_params_set_channels( pcm, hwParams, numHostChannels ) < 0 )
-    {
-        result = paInvalidChannelCount;
-        goto error;
-    }
-
-    /* See if we can find a best possible match */
-    availableFormats = GetAvailableFormats( pcm );
-    PA_ENSURE( hostFormat = PaUtil_SelectClosestAvailableFormat( availableFormats, parameters->sampleFormat ) );
-    ENSURE_( snd_pcm_hw_params_set_format( pcm, hwParams, Pa2AlsaFormat( hostFormat ) ), paUnanticipatedHostError );
-
-    {
-        /* It happens that this call fails because the device is busy */
-        int ret = 0;
-        if( (ret = snd_pcm_hw_params( pcm, hwParams )) < 0)
-        {
-            ENSURE_( ret, ret == -EBUSY ? paDeviceUnavailable : paUnanticipatedHostError );
-        }
-    }
-
-end:
-    if( pcm )
-    {
-        snd_pcm_close( pcm );
-    }
-    return result;
-
-error:
-    goto end;
-}
-
-static PaError IsFormatSupported( struct PaUtilHostApiRepresentation *hostApi,
-                                  const PaStreamParameters *inputParameters,
-                                  const PaStreamParameters *outputParameters,
-                                  double sampleRate )
-{
-    int inputChannelCount = 0, outputChannelCount = 0;
-    PaSampleFormat inputSampleFormat, outputSampleFormat;
-    PaError result = paFormatIsSupported;
-
-    if( inputParameters )
-    {
-        PA_ENSURE( ValidateParameters( inputParameters, hostApi, StreamDirection_In ) );
-
-        inputChannelCount = inputParameters->channelCount;
-        inputSampleFormat = inputParameters->sampleFormat;
-    }
-
-    if( outputParameters )
-    {
-        PA_ENSURE( ValidateParameters( outputParameters, hostApi, StreamDirection_Out ) );
-
-        outputChannelCount = outputParameters->channelCount;
-        outputSampleFormat = outputParameters->sampleFormat;
-    }
-
-    if( inputChannelCount )
-    {
-        if( (result = TestParameters( hostApi, inputParameters, sampleRate, StreamDirection_In ))
-                != paNoError )
-            goto error;
-    }
-    if ( outputChannelCount )
-    {
-        if( (result = TestParameters( hostApi, outputParameters, sampleRate, StreamDirection_Out ))
-                != paNoError )
-            goto error;
-    }
-
-    return paFormatIsSupported;
-
-error:
-    return result;
-}
-
-static PaError PaAlsaStreamComponent_Initialize( PaAlsaStreamComponent *self, PaAlsaHostApiRepresentation *alsaApi,
-        const PaStreamParameters *params, StreamDirection streamDir, int callbackMode )
-{
-    PaError result = paNoError;
-    PaSampleFormat userSampleFormat = params->sampleFormat, hostSampleFormat;
-    assert( params->channelCount > 0 );
-
-    /* Make sure things have an initial value */
-    memset( self, 0, sizeof (PaAlsaStreamComponent) );
-
-    if( NULL == params->hostApiSpecificStreamInfo )
-    {
-        const PaAlsaDeviceInfo *devInfo = GetDeviceInfo( &alsaApi->baseHostApiRep, params->device );
-        self->numHostChannels = PA_MAX( params->channelCount, StreamDirection_In == streamDir ? devInfo->minInputChannels
-                : devInfo->minOutputChannels );
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        /* We're blissfully unaware of the minimum channelCount */
-        self->numHostChannels = params->channelCount;
-    }
-
-    PA_ENSURE( AlsaOpen( &alsaApi->baseHostApiRep, params, streamDir, &self->pcm ) );
-    self->nfds = snd_pcm_poll_descriptors_count( self->pcm );
-    hostSampleFormat = PaUtil_SelectClosestAvailableFormat( GetAvailableFormats( self->pcm ), userSampleFormat );
-
-    self->hostSampleFormat = hostSampleFormat;
-    self->nativeFormat = Pa2AlsaFormat( hostSampleFormat );
-    self->hostInterleaved = self->userInterleaved = !(userSampleFormat & paNonInterleaved);
-    self->numUserChannels = params->channelCount;
-    self->streamDir = streamDir;
-
-    if( !callbackMode && !self->userInterleaved )
-    {
-        /* Pre-allocate non-interleaved user provided buffers */
-        PA_UNLESS( self->userBuffers = PaUtil_AllocateMemory( sizeof (void *) * self->numUserChannels ),
-                paInsufficientMemory );
-    }
-
-error:
-    return result;
-}
-
-static void PaAlsaStreamComponent_Terminate( PaAlsaStreamComponent *self )
-{
-    snd_pcm_close( self->pcm );
-    if( self->userBuffers )
-        PaUtil_FreeMemory( self->userBuffers );
-}
-
-int nearbyint_(float value) {
-    if(  value - (int)value > .5 )
-        return (int)ceil( value );
-    return (int)floor( value );
-}
-
-/** Initiate configuration, preparing for determining a period size suitable for both capture and playback components.
- *
- */
-static PaError PaAlsaStreamComponent_InitialConfigure( PaAlsaStreamComponent *self, const PaStreamParameters *params,
-        int primeBuffers, snd_pcm_hw_params_t *hwParams, double *sampleRate )
-{
-    /* Configuration consists of setting all of ALSA's parameters.
-     * These parameters come in two flavors: hardware parameters
-     * and software paramters.  Hardware parameters will affect
-     * the way the device is initialized, software parameters
-     * affect the way ALSA interacts with me, the user-level client.
-     */
-
-    PaError result = paNoError;
-    snd_pcm_access_t accessMode, alternateAccessMode;
-    int dir = 0;
-    snd_pcm_t *pcm = self->pcm;
-    double sr = *sampleRate;
-    unsigned int minPeriods = 2;
-
-    /* self->framesPerBuffer = framesPerHostBuffer; */
-
-    /* ... fill up the configuration space with all possibile
-     * combinations of parameters this device will accept */
-    ENSURE_( snd_pcm_hw_params_any( pcm, hwParams ), paUnanticipatedHostError );
-
-    ENSURE_( snd_pcm_hw_params_set_periods_integer( pcm, hwParams ), paUnanticipatedHostError );
-    /* I think there should be at least 2 periods (even though ALSA doesn't appear to enforce this) */
-    dir = 0;
-    ENSURE_( snd_pcm_hw_params_set_periods_min( pcm, hwParams, &minPeriods, &dir ), paUnanticipatedHostError );
-
-    if( self->userInterleaved )
-    {
-        accessMode = SND_PCM_ACCESS_MMAP_INTERLEAVED;
-        alternateAccessMode = SND_PCM_ACCESS_MMAP_NONINTERLEAVED;
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        accessMode = SND_PCM_ACCESS_MMAP_NONINTERLEAVED;
-        alternateAccessMode = SND_PCM_ACCESS_MMAP_INTERLEAVED;
-    }
-    /* If requested access mode fails, try alternate mode */
-    if( snd_pcm_hw_params_set_access( pcm, hwParams, accessMode ) < 0 )
-    {
-        int err = 0;
-        if( (err = snd_pcm_hw_params_set_access( pcm, hwParams, alternateAccessMode )) < 0)
-        {
-            result = paUnanticipatedHostError;
-            if( -EINVAL == err )
-            {
-                PaUtil_SetLastHostErrorInfo( paALSA, err, "PA ALSA requires that a device supports mmap access" );
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                PaUtil_SetLastHostErrorInfo( paALSA, err, snd_strerror( err ) );
-            }
-            goto error;
-        }
-        /* Flip mode */
-        self->hostInterleaved = !self->userInterleaved;
-    }
-
-    ENSURE_( snd_pcm_hw_params_set_format( pcm, hwParams, self->nativeFormat ), paUnanticipatedHostError );
-
-    ENSURE_( SetApproximateSampleRate( pcm, hwParams, sr ), paInvalidSampleRate );
-    ENSURE_( GetExactSampleRate( hwParams, &sr ), paUnanticipatedHostError );
-    /* reject if there's no sample rate within 1% of the one requested */
-    if( (fabs( *sampleRate - sr ) / *sampleRate) > 0.01 )
-    {
-        PA_DEBUG(("%s: Wanted %f, closest sample rate was %d\n", __FUNCTION__, sampleRate, sr ));                 
-        PA_ENSURE( paInvalidSampleRate );
-    }
-
-    ENSURE_( snd_pcm_hw_params_set_channels( pcm, hwParams, self->numHostChannels ), paInvalidChannelCount );
-
-    *sampleRate = sr;
-
-end:
-    return result;
-
-error:
-    /* No particular action */
-    goto end;
-}
-
-/** Finish the configuration of the component's ALSA device.
- *
- * As part of this method, the component's bufferSize attribute will be set.
- * @param latency: The latency for this component.
- */
-static PaError PaAlsaStreamComponent_FinishConfigure( PaAlsaStreamComponent *self, snd_pcm_hw_params_t* hwParams,
-        const PaStreamParameters *params, int primeBuffers, double sampleRate, PaTime* latency )
-{
-    PaError result = paNoError;
-    snd_pcm_sw_params_t* swParams;
-    snd_pcm_uframes_t bufSz = 0;
-    *latency = -1.;
-
-    snd_pcm_sw_params_alloca( &swParams );
-
-    bufSz = (params->suggestedLatency * sampleRate) + self->framesPerBuffer;    /* One period does not count as latency */
-    ENSURE_( snd_pcm_hw_params_set_buffer_size_near( self->pcm, hwParams, &bufSz ), paUnanticipatedHostError );
-
-    /* Set the parameters! */
-    ENSURE_( snd_pcm_hw_params( self->pcm, hwParams ), paUnanticipatedHostError );
-    ENSURE_( snd_pcm_hw_params_get_buffer_size( hwParams, &self->bufferSize ), paUnanticipatedHostError );
-    /* Latency in seconds, one period is not counted as latency */
-    *latency = (self->bufferSize - self->framesPerBuffer) / sampleRate;
-
-    /* Now software parameters... */
-    ENSURE_( snd_pcm_sw_params_current( self->pcm, swParams ), paUnanticipatedHostError );
-
-    ENSURE_( snd_pcm_sw_params_set_start_threshold( self->pcm, swParams, self->framesPerBuffer ), paUnanticipatedHostError );
-    ENSURE_( snd_pcm_sw_params_set_stop_threshold( self->pcm, swParams, self->bufferSize ), paUnanticipatedHostError );
-
-    /* Silence buffer in the case of underrun */
-    if( !primeBuffers ) /* XXX: Make sense? */
-    {
-        snd_pcm_uframes_t boundary;
-        ENSURE_( snd_pcm_sw_params_get_boundary( swParams, &boundary ), paUnanticipatedHostError );
-        ENSURE_( snd_pcm_sw_params_set_silence_threshold( self->pcm, swParams, 0 ), paUnanticipatedHostError );
-        ENSURE_( snd_pcm_sw_params_set_silence_size( self->pcm, swParams, boundary ), paUnanticipatedHostError );
-    }
-        
-    ENSURE_( snd_pcm_sw_params_set_avail_min( self->pcm, swParams, self->framesPerBuffer ), paUnanticipatedHostError );
-    ENSURE_( snd_pcm_sw_params_set_xfer_align( self->pcm, swParams, 1 ), paUnanticipatedHostError );
-    ENSURE_( snd_pcm_sw_params_set_tstamp_mode( self->pcm, swParams, SND_PCM_TSTAMP_MMAP ), paUnanticipatedHostError );
-
-    /* Set the parameters! */
-    ENSURE_( snd_pcm_sw_params( self->pcm, swParams ), paUnanticipatedHostError );
-
-error:
-    return result;
-}
-
-static PaError PaAlsaStream_Initialize( PaAlsaStream *self, PaAlsaHostApiRepresentation *alsaApi, const PaStreamParameters *inParams,
-        const PaStreamParameters *outParams, double sampleRate, unsigned long framesPerUserBuffer, PaStreamCallback callback,
-        PaStreamFlags streamFlags, void *userData )
-{
-    PaError result = paNoError;
-    assert( self );
-
-    memset( self, 0, sizeof (PaAlsaStream) );
-
-    if( NULL != callback )
-    {
-        PaUtil_InitializeStreamRepresentation( &self->streamRepresentation,
-                                               &alsaApi->callbackStreamInterface,
-                                               callback, userData );
-        self->callbackMode = 1;
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        PaUtil_InitializeStreamRepresentation( &self->streamRepresentation,
-                                               &alsaApi->blockingStreamInterface,
-                                               NULL, userData );
-    }
-
-    self->framesPerUserBuffer = framesPerUserBuffer;
-    self->neverDropInput = streamFlags & paNeverDropInput;
-    /* XXX: Ignore paPrimeOutputBuffersUsingStreamCallback untill buffer priming is fully supported in pa_process.c */
-    /*
-    if( outParams & streamFlags & paPrimeOutputBuffersUsingStreamCallback )
-        self->primeBuffers = 1;
-        */
-    memset( &self->capture, 0, sizeof (PaAlsaStreamComponent) );
-    memset( &self->playback, 0, sizeof (PaAlsaStreamComponent) );
-    if( inParams )
-        PA_ENSURE( PaAlsaStreamComponent_Initialize( &self->capture, alsaApi, inParams, StreamDirection_In, NULL != callback ) );
-    if( outParams )
-        PA_ENSURE( PaAlsaStreamComponent_Initialize( &self->playback, alsaApi, outParams, StreamDirection_Out, NULL != callback ) );
-
-    assert( self->capture.nfds || self->playback.nfds );
-
-    PA_UNLESS( self->pfds = (struct pollfd*)PaUtil_AllocateMemory( (self->capture.nfds +
-                    self->playback.nfds) * sizeof (struct pollfd) ), paInsufficientMemory );
-
-    PaUtil_InitializeCpuLoadMeasurer( &self->cpuLoadMeasurer, sampleRate );
-    InitializeThreading( &self->threading, &self->cpuLoadMeasurer );
-    ASSERT_CALL_( pthread_mutex_init( &self->stateMtx, NULL ), 0 );
-    ASSERT_CALL_( pthread_mutex_init( &self->startMtx, NULL ), 0 );
-    ASSERT_CALL_( pthread_cond_init( &self->startCond, NULL ), 0 );
-
-error:
-    return result;
-}
-
-/** Free resources associated with stream, and eventually stream itself.
- *
- * Frees allocated memory, and terminates individual StreamComponents.
- */
-static void PaAlsaStream_Terminate( PaAlsaStream *self )
-{
-    assert( self );
-
-    if( self->capture.pcm )
-    {
-        PaAlsaStreamComponent_Terminate( &self->capture );
-    }
-    if( self->playback.pcm )
-    {
-        PaAlsaStreamComponent_Terminate( &self->playback );
-    }
-
-    PaUtil_FreeMemory( self->pfds );
-    ASSERT_CALL_( pthread_mutex_destroy( &self->stateMtx ), 0 );
-    ASSERT_CALL_( pthread_mutex_destroy( &self->startMtx ), 0 );
-    ASSERT_CALL_( pthread_cond_destroy( &self->startCond ), 0 );
-
-    PaUtil_FreeMemory( self );
-}
-
-/** Calculate polling timeout
- *
- * @param frames Time to wait
- * @return Polling timeout in milliseconds
- */
-static int CalculatePollTimeout( const PaAlsaStream *stream, unsigned long frames )
-{
-    assert( stream->streamRepresentation.streamInfo.sampleRate > 0.0 );
-    /* Period in msecs, rounded up */
-    return (int)ceil( 1000 * frames / stream->streamRepresentation.streamInfo.sampleRate );
-}
-
-/** Determine size per host buffer.
- *
- * During this method call, the component's framesPerBuffer attribute gets computed, and the corresponding period size
- * gets configured for the device.
- * @param accurate: If the configured period size is non-integer, this will be set to 0.
- */
-static PaError PaAlsaStreamComponent_DetermineFramesPerBuffer( PaAlsaStreamComponent* self, const PaStreamParameters* params,
-        unsigned long framesPerUserBuffer, double sampleRate, snd_pcm_hw_params_t* hwParams, int* accurate )
-{
-    PaError result = paNoError;
-    unsigned long bufferSize = params->suggestedLatency * sampleRate, framesPerHostBuffer;
-    int dir = 0;
-    
-    {
-        snd_pcm_uframes_t tmp;
-        snd_pcm_hw_params_get_buffer_size_min( hwParams, &tmp );
-        bufferSize = PA_MAX( bufferSize, tmp );
-        snd_pcm_hw_params_get_buffer_size_max( hwParams, &tmp );
-        bufferSize = PA_MIN( bufferSize, tmp );
-    }
-
-    assert( bufferSize > 0 );
-
-    if( framesPerUserBuffer != paFramesPerBufferUnspecified )
-    {
-        /* Preferably the host buffer size should be a multiple of the user buffer size */
-
-        if( bufferSize > framesPerUserBuffer )
-        {
-            snd_pcm_uframes_t remainder = bufferSize % framesPerUserBuffer;
-            if( remainder > framesPerUserBuffer / 2. )
-                bufferSize += framesPerUserBuffer - remainder;
-            else
-                bufferSize -= remainder;
-
-            assert( bufferSize % framesPerUserBuffer == 0 );
-        }
-        else if( framesPerUserBuffer % bufferSize != 0 )
-        {
-            /*  Find a good compromise between user specified latency and buffer size */
-            if( bufferSize > framesPerUserBuffer * .75 )
-            {
-                bufferSize = framesPerUserBuffer;
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                snd_pcm_uframes_t newSz = framesPerUserBuffer;
-                while( newSz / 2 >= bufferSize )
-                {
-                    if( framesPerUserBuffer % (newSz / 2) != 0 )
-                    {
-                        /* No use dividing any further */
-                        break;
-                    }
-                    newSz /= 2;
-                }
-                bufferSize = newSz;
-            }
-
-            assert( framesPerUserBuffer % bufferSize == 0 );
-        }
-    }
-
-    /* Using 5 as a base number of periods, we try to approximate the suggested latency (+1 period),
-       finding a combination of period/buffer size which best fits these constraints */
-    {
-        unsigned numPeriods = 4, maxPeriods = 0;
-        /* It may be that the device only supports 2 periods for instance */
-        dir = 0;
-        ENSURE_( snd_pcm_hw_params_get_periods_max( hwParams, &maxPeriods, &dir ), paUnanticipatedHostError );
-        assert( maxPeriods > 1 );
-        /* One period is not counted as latency */
-        maxPeriods -= 1;
-        numPeriods = PA_MIN( maxPeriods, numPeriods );
-
-        if( framesPerUserBuffer != paFramesPerBufferUnspecified )
-        {
-            framesPerHostBuffer = framesPerUserBuffer;
-            if( framesPerHostBuffer < bufferSize )
-            {
-                while( bufferSize / framesPerHostBuffer > numPeriods )
-                {
-                    framesPerHostBuffer *= 2;
-                }
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                while( bufferSize / framesPerHostBuffer < numPeriods )
-                {
-                    if( framesPerUserBuffer % (framesPerHostBuffer / 2) != 0 )
-                    {
-                        /* Can't be divided any further */
-                        break;
-                    }
-                    framesPerHostBuffer /= 2;
-                }
-            }
-
-            if( framesPerHostBuffer < framesPerUserBuffer )
-            {
-                assert( framesPerUserBuffer % framesPerHostBuffer == 0 );
-                if( snd_pcm_hw_params_test_period_size( self->pcm, hwParams, framesPerHostBuffer, 0 ) < 0 )
-                {
-                    if( snd_pcm_hw_params_test_period_size( self->pcm, hwParams, framesPerHostBuffer * 2, 0 ) == 0 )
-                        framesPerHostBuffer *= 2;
-                    else if( snd_pcm_hw_params_test_period_size( self->pcm, hwParams, framesPerHostBuffer / 2, 0 ) == 0 )
-                        framesPerHostBuffer /= 2;
-                }
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                assert( framesPerHostBuffer % framesPerUserBuffer == 0 );
-                if( snd_pcm_hw_params_test_period_size( self->pcm, hwParams, framesPerHostBuffer, 0 ) < 0 )
-                {
-                    if( snd_pcm_hw_params_test_period_size( self->pcm, hwParams, framesPerHostBuffer + framesPerUserBuffer, 0 ) == 0 )
-                        framesPerHostBuffer += framesPerUserBuffer;
-                    else if( snd_pcm_hw_params_test_period_size( self->pcm, hwParams, framesPerHostBuffer - framesPerUserBuffer, 0 ) == 0 )
-                        framesPerHostBuffer -= framesPerUserBuffer;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            framesPerHostBuffer = bufferSize / numPeriods;
-        }
-    }
-
-    assert( framesPerHostBuffer > 0 );
-    {
-        snd_pcm_uframes_t min = 0, max = 0;
-        ENSURE_( snd_pcm_hw_params_get_period_size_min( hwParams, &min, NULL ), paUnanticipatedHostError );
-        ENSURE_( snd_pcm_hw_params_get_period_size_max( hwParams, &max, NULL ), paUnanticipatedHostError );
-
-        if( framesPerHostBuffer < min )
-        {
-            framesPerHostBuffer = min;
-            PA_DEBUG(( "%s: The determined period size (%lu) is less than minimum (%lu)\n", __FUNCTION__,
-                        framesPerHostBuffer, min ));
-        }
-        else if( framesPerHostBuffer > max )
-        {
-            framesPerHostBuffer = max;
-            PA_DEBUG(( "%s: The determined period size (%lu) is greater than maximum (%lu)\n", __FUNCTION__,
-                        framesPerHostBuffer, max ));
-        }
-
-        assert( framesPerHostBuffer >= min && framesPerHostBuffer <= max );
-        dir = 0;
-        ENSURE_( snd_pcm_hw_params_set_period_size_near( self->pcm, hwParams, &framesPerHostBuffer, &dir ),
-                paUnanticipatedHostError );
-        if( dir != 0 )
-        {
-            PA_DEBUG(( "%s: The configured period size is non-integer.\n", __FUNCTION__, dir ));
-            *accurate = 0;
-        }
-    }
-    self->framesPerBuffer = framesPerHostBuffer;
-
-error:
-    return result;
-}
-
-/* We need to determine how many frames per host buffer (period) to use.  Our
- * goals are to provide the best possible performance, but also to
- * honor the requested latency settings as closely as we can. Therefore this
- * decision is based on:
- *
- *   - the period sizes that playback and/or capture support.  The
- *     host buffer size has to be one of these.
- *   - the number of periods that playback and/or capture support.
- *
- * We want to make period_size*(num_periods-1) to be as close as possible
- * to latency*rate for both playback and capture.
- *
- * This method will determine suitable period sizes for capture and playback handles, and report the maximum number of
- * frames per host buffer. The latter is relevant, in case we should be so unfortunate that the period size differs
- * between capture and playback. If this should happen, the stream's hostBufferSizeMode attribute will be set to
- * paUtilBoundedHostBufferSize, because the best we can do is limit the size of individual host buffers to the upper
- * bound. The size of host buffers scheduled for processing should only matter if the user has specified a buffer size,
- * but when he/she does we must strive for an optimal configuration. By default we'll opt for a fixed host buffer size,
- * which should be fine if the period size is the same for capture and playback. In general, if there is a specified user
- * buffer size, this method tries it best to determine a period size which is a multiple of the user buffer size.
- *
- * The framesPerBuffer attributes of the individual capture and playback components of the stream are set to corresponding
- * values determined here. Since these should be reported as 
- *
- * This is one of those blocks of code that will just take a lot of
- * refinement to be any good.
- *
- * In the full-duplex case it is possible that the routine was unable
- * to find a number of frames per buffer acceptable to both devices
- * TODO: Implement an algorithm to find the value closest to acceptance
- * by both devices, to minimize difference between period sizes?
- *
- * @param determinedFramesPerHostBuffer: The determined host buffer size.
- */
-static PaError PaAlsaStream_DetermineFramesPerBuffer( PaAlsaStream* self, double sampleRate, const PaStreamParameters* inputParameters,
-        const PaStreamParameters* outputParameters, unsigned long framesPerUserBuffer, snd_pcm_hw_params_t* hwParamsCapture,
-        snd_pcm_hw_params_t* hwParamsPlayback, PaUtilHostBufferSizeMode* hostBufferSizeMode )
-{
-    PaError result = paNoError;
-    unsigned long framesPerHostBuffer = 0;
-    int dir = 0;
-    int accurate = 1;
-
-    if( self->capture.pcm && self->playback.pcm )
-    {
-        if( framesPerUserBuffer == paFramesPerBufferUnspecified )
-        {
-            snd_pcm_uframes_t desiredLatency, e, minPeriodSize, maxPeriodSize, optimalPeriodSize, periodSize,
-                              minCapture, minPlayback, maxCapture, maxPlayback;
-
-            /* Come up with a common desired latency */
-
-            dir = 0;
-            ENSURE_( snd_pcm_hw_params_get_period_size_min( hwParamsCapture, &minCapture, &dir ), paUnanticipatedHostError );
-            dir = 0;
-            ENSURE_( snd_pcm_hw_params_get_period_size_min( hwParamsPlayback, &minPlayback, &dir ), paUnanticipatedHostError );
-            dir = 0;
-            ENSURE_( snd_pcm_hw_params_get_period_size_max( hwParamsCapture, &maxCapture, &dir ), paUnanticipatedHostError );
-            dir = 0;
-            ENSURE_( snd_pcm_hw_params_get_period_size_max( hwParamsPlayback, &maxPlayback, &dir ), paUnanticipatedHostError );
-            minPeriodSize = PA_MAX( minPlayback, minCapture );
-            maxPeriodSize = PA_MIN( maxPlayback, maxCapture );
-            PA_UNLESS( minPeriodSize <= maxPeriodSize, paBadIODeviceCombination );
-
-            desiredLatency = (snd_pcm_uframes_t)(PA_MIN( outputParameters->suggestedLatency, inputParameters->suggestedLatency )
-                    * sampleRate);
-            /* Clamp desiredLatency */
-            {
-                snd_pcm_uframes_t maxBufferSize;
-                snd_pcm_uframes_t maxBufferSizeCapture, maxBufferSizePlayback;
-                ENSURE_( snd_pcm_hw_params_get_buffer_size_max( hwParamsCapture, &maxBufferSizeCapture ), paUnanticipatedHostError );
-                ENSURE_( snd_pcm_hw_params_get_buffer_size_max( hwParamsPlayback, &maxBufferSizePlayback ), paUnanticipatedHostError );
-                maxBufferSize = PA_MIN( maxBufferSizeCapture, maxBufferSizePlayback );
-
-                desiredLatency = PA_MIN( desiredLatency, maxBufferSize );
-            }
-
-            /* Find the closest power of 2 */
-            e = ilogb( minPeriodSize );
-            if( minPeriodSize & (minPeriodSize - 1) )
-                e += 1;
-            periodSize = (snd_pcm_uframes_t)pow( 2, e );
-
-            while( periodSize <= maxPeriodSize )
-            {
-                if( snd_pcm_hw_params_test_period_size( self->playback.pcm, hwParamsPlayback, periodSize, 0 ) >= 0 &&
-                        snd_pcm_hw_params_test_period_size( self->capture.pcm, hwParamsCapture, periodSize, 0 ) >= 0 )
-                    break;  /* Ok! */
-
-                periodSize *= 2;
-            }
-
-            /* 4 periods considered optimal */
-            optimalPeriodSize = PA_MAX( desiredLatency / 4, minPeriodSize );
-            optimalPeriodSize = PA_MIN( optimalPeriodSize, maxPeriodSize );
-
-            /* Find the closest power of 2 */
-            e = ilogb( optimalPeriodSize );
-            if( optimalPeriodSize & (optimalPeriodSize - 1) )
-                e += 1;
-            optimalPeriodSize = (snd_pcm_uframes_t)pow( 2, e );
-
-            while( optimalPeriodSize >= periodSize )
-            {
-                if( snd_pcm_hw_params_test_period_size( self->capture.pcm, hwParamsCapture, optimalPeriodSize, 0 ) < 0 )
-                    continue;
-                if( snd_pcm_hw_params_test_period_size( self->playback.pcm, hwParamsPlayback, optimalPeriodSize, 0 ) >= 0 )
-                    break;
-                optimalPeriodSize /= 2;
-            }
-            if( optimalPeriodSize > periodSize )
-                periodSize = optimalPeriodSize;
-
-            if( periodSize <= maxPeriodSize )
-            {
-                /* Looks good, the periodSize _should_ be acceptable by both devices */
-                ENSURE_( snd_pcm_hw_params_set_period_size( self->capture.pcm, hwParamsCapture, periodSize, 0 ),
-                        paUnanticipatedHostError );
-                ENSURE_( snd_pcm_hw_params_set_period_size( self->playback.pcm, hwParamsPlayback, periodSize, 0 ),
-                        paUnanticipatedHostError );
-                self->capture.framesPerBuffer = self->playback.framesPerBuffer = periodSize;
-                framesPerHostBuffer = periodSize;
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                /* Unable to find a common period size, oh well */
-                optimalPeriodSize = PA_MAX( desiredLatency / 4, minPeriodSize );
-                optimalPeriodSize = PA_MIN( optimalPeriodSize, maxPeriodSize );
-
-                self->capture.framesPerBuffer = optimalPeriodSize;
-                dir = 0;
-                ENSURE_( snd_pcm_hw_params_set_period_size_near( self->capture.pcm, hwParamsCapture, &self->capture.framesPerBuffer, &dir ),
-                        paUnanticipatedHostError );
-                self->playback.framesPerBuffer = optimalPeriodSize;
-                dir = 0;
-                ENSURE_( snd_pcm_hw_params_set_period_size_near( self->playback.pcm, hwParamsPlayback, &self->playback.framesPerBuffer, &dir ),
-                        paUnanticipatedHostError );
-                framesPerHostBuffer = PA_MAX( self->capture.framesPerBuffer, self->playback.framesPerBuffer );
-                *hostBufferSizeMode = paUtilBoundedHostBufferSize;
-            }
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            /* We choose the simple route and determine a suitable number of frames per buffer for one component of
-             * the stream, then we hope that this will work for the other component too (it should!).
-             */
-
-            unsigned maxPeriods = 0;
-            PaAlsaStreamComponent* first = &self->capture, * second = &self->playback;
-            const PaStreamParameters* firstStreamParams = inputParameters;
-            snd_pcm_hw_params_t* firstHwParams = hwParamsCapture, * secondHwParams = hwParamsPlayback;
-
-            dir = 0;
-            ENSURE_( snd_pcm_hw_params_get_periods_max( hwParamsPlayback, &maxPeriods, &dir ), paUnanticipatedHostError );
-            if( maxPeriods < 4 )
-            {
-                /* The playback component is trickier to get right, try that first */
-                first = &self->playback;
-                second = &self->capture;
-                firstStreamParams = outputParameters;
-                firstHwParams = hwParamsPlayback;
-                secondHwParams = hwParamsCapture;
-            }
-
-            PA_ENSURE( PaAlsaStreamComponent_DetermineFramesPerBuffer( first, firstStreamParams, framesPerUserBuffer,
-                        sampleRate, firstHwParams, &accurate ) );
-
-            second->framesPerBuffer = first->framesPerBuffer;
-            dir = 0;
-            ENSURE_( snd_pcm_hw_params_set_period_size_near( second->pcm, secondHwParams, &second->framesPerBuffer, &dir ),
-                    paUnanticipatedHostError );
-            if( self->capture.framesPerBuffer == self->playback.framesPerBuffer )
-            {
-                framesPerHostBuffer = self->capture.framesPerBuffer;
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                framesPerHostBuffer = PA_MAX( self->capture.framesPerBuffer, self->playback.framesPerBuffer );
-                *hostBufferSizeMode = paUtilBoundedHostBufferSize;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    else    /* half-duplex is a slightly simpler case */
-    {
-        if( self->capture.pcm )
-        {
-            PA_ENSURE( PaAlsaStreamComponent_DetermineFramesPerBuffer( &self->capture, inputParameters, framesPerUserBuffer,
-                        sampleRate, hwParamsCapture, &accurate) );
-            framesPerHostBuffer = self->capture.framesPerBuffer;
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            assert( self->playback.pcm );
-            PA_ENSURE( PaAlsaStreamComponent_DetermineFramesPerBuffer( &self->playback, outputParameters, framesPerUserBuffer,
-                        sampleRate, hwParamsPlayback, &accurate ) );
-            framesPerHostBuffer = self->playback.framesPerBuffer;
-        }
-    }
-
-    PA_UNLESS( framesPerHostBuffer != 0, paInternalError );
-    self->maxFramesPerHostBuffer = framesPerHostBuffer;
-
-    if( !accurate )
-    {
-        /* Don't know the exact size per host buffer */
-        *hostBufferSizeMode = paUtilBoundedHostBufferSize;
-        /* Raise upper bound */
-        ++self->maxFramesPerHostBuffer;
-    }
-
-error:
-    return result;
-}
-
-/** Set up ALSA stream parameters.
- *
- */
-static PaError PaAlsaStream_Configure( PaAlsaStream *self, const PaStreamParameters *inParams, const PaStreamParameters*
-        outParams, double sampleRate, unsigned long framesPerUserBuffer, double* inputLatency, double* outputLatency,
-        PaUtilHostBufferSizeMode* hostBufferSizeMode )
-{
-    PaError result = paNoError;
-    double realSr = sampleRate;
-    snd_pcm_hw_params_t* hwParamsCapture, * hwParamsPlayback;
-
-    snd_pcm_hw_params_alloca( &hwParamsCapture );
-    snd_pcm_hw_params_alloca( &hwParamsPlayback );
-
-    if( self->capture.pcm )
-        PA_ENSURE( PaAlsaStreamComponent_InitialConfigure( &self->capture, inParams, self->primeBuffers, hwParamsCapture,
-                    &realSr ) );
-    if( self->playback.pcm )
-        PA_ENSURE( PaAlsaStreamComponent_InitialConfigure( &self->playback, outParams, self->primeBuffers, hwParamsPlayback,
-                    &realSr ) );
-
-    PA_ENSURE( PaAlsaStream_DetermineFramesPerBuffer( self, realSr, inParams, outParams, framesPerUserBuffer,
-                hwParamsCapture, hwParamsPlayback, hostBufferSizeMode ) );
-
-    if( self->capture.pcm )
-    {
-        assert( self->capture.framesPerBuffer != 0 );
-        PA_ENSURE( PaAlsaStreamComponent_FinishConfigure( &self->capture, hwParamsCapture, inParams, self->primeBuffers, realSr,
-                    inputLatency ) );
-        PA_DEBUG(( "%s: Capture period size: %lu, latency: %f\n", __FUNCTION__, self->capture.framesPerBuffer, *inputLatency ));
-    }
-    if( self->playback.pcm )
-    {
-        assert( self->playback.framesPerBuffer != 0 );
-        PA_ENSURE( PaAlsaStreamComponent_FinishConfigure( &self->playback, hwParamsPlayback, outParams, self->primeBuffers, realSr,
-                    outputLatency ) );
-        PA_DEBUG(( "%s: Playback period size: %lu, latency: %f\n", __FUNCTION__, self->playback.framesPerBuffer, *outputLatency ));
-    }
-
-    /* Should be exact now */
-    self->streamRepresentation.streamInfo.sampleRate = realSr;
-
-    /* this will cause the two streams to automatically start/stop/prepare in sync.
-     * We only need to execute these operations on one of the pair.
-     * A: We don't want to do this on a blocking stream.
-     */
-    if( self->callbackMode && self->capture.pcm && self->playback.pcm )
-    {
-        int err = snd_pcm_link( self->capture.pcm, self->playback.pcm );
-        if( err == 0 )
-            self->pcmsSynced = 1;
-        else
-            PA_DEBUG(( "%s: Unable to sync pcms: %s\n", __FUNCTION__, snd_strerror( err ) ));
-    }
-
-    {
-        unsigned long minFramesPerHostBuffer = PA_MIN( self->capture.pcm ? self->capture.framesPerBuffer : ULONG_MAX,
-            self->playback.pcm ? self->playback.framesPerBuffer : ULONG_MAX );
-        self->pollTimeout = CalculatePollTimeout( self, minFramesPerHostBuffer );    /* Period in msecs, rounded up */
-
-        /* Time before watchdog unthrottles realtime thread == 1/4 of period time in msecs */
-        self->threading.throttledSleepTime = (unsigned long) (minFramesPerHostBuffer / sampleRate / 4 * 1000);
-    }
-
-    if( self->callbackMode )
-    {
-        /* If the user expects a certain number of frames per callback we will either have to rely on block adaption
-         * (framesPerHostBuffer is not an integer multiple of framesPerBuffer) or we can simply align the number
-         * of host buffer frames with what the user specified */
-        if( self->framesPerUserBuffer != paFramesPerBufferUnspecified )
-        {
-            /* self->alignFrames = 1; */
-
-            /* Unless the ratio between number of host and user buffer frames is an integer we will have to rely
-             * on block adaption */
-        /*
-            if( framesPerHostBuffer % framesPerBuffer != 0 || (self->capture.pcm && self->playback.pcm &&
-                        self->capture.framesPerBuffer != self->playback.framesPerBuffer) )
-                self->useBlockAdaption = 1;
-            else
-                self->alignFrames = 1;
-        */
-        }
-    }
-
-error:
-    return result;
-}
-
-static PaError OpenStream( struct PaUtilHostApiRepresentation *hostApi,
-                           PaStream** s,
-                           const PaStreamParameters *inputParameters,
-                           const PaStreamParameters *outputParameters,
-                           double sampleRate,
-                           unsigned long framesPerBuffer,
-                           PaStreamFlags streamFlags,
-                           PaStreamCallback* callback,
-                           void *userData )
-{
-    PaError result = paNoError;
-    PaAlsaHostApiRepresentation *alsaHostApi = (PaAlsaHostApiRepresentation*)hostApi;
-    PaAlsaStream *stream = NULL;
-    PaSampleFormat hostInputSampleFormat = 0, hostOutputSampleFormat = 0;
-    PaSampleFormat inputSampleFormat = 0, outputSampleFormat = 0;
-    int numInputChannels = 0, numOutputChannels = 0;
-    PaTime inputLatency, outputLatency;
-    /* Operate with fixed host buffer size by default, since other modes will invariably lead to block adaption */
-    /* XXX: Use Bounded by default? Output tends to get stuttery with Fixed ... */
-    PaUtilHostBufferSizeMode hostBufferSizeMode = paUtilFixedHostBufferSize;
-
-    if( (streamFlags & paPlatformSpecificFlags) != 0 )
-        return paInvalidFlag;
-
-    if( inputParameters )
-    {
-        PA_ENSURE( ValidateParameters( inputParameters, hostApi, StreamDirection_In ) );
-
-        numInputChannels = inputParameters->channelCount;
-        inputSampleFormat = inputParameters->sampleFormat;
-    }
-    if( outputParameters )
-    {
-        PA_ENSURE( ValidateParameters( outputParameters, hostApi, StreamDirection_Out ) );
-
-        numOutputChannels = outputParameters->channelCount;
-        outputSampleFormat = outputParameters->sampleFormat;
-    }
-
-    /* XXX: Why do we support this anyway? */
-    if( framesPerBuffer == paFramesPerBufferUnspecified && getenv( "PA_ALSA_PERIODSIZE" ) != NULL )
-    {
-        PA_DEBUG(( "%s: Getting framesPerBuffer from environment\n", __FUNCTION__ ));
-        framesPerBuffer = atoi( getenv("PA_ALSA_PERIODSIZE") );
-    }
-
-    PA_UNLESS( stream = (PaAlsaStream*)PaUtil_AllocateMemory( sizeof(PaAlsaStream) ), paInsufficientMemory );
-    PA_ENSURE( PaAlsaStream_Initialize( stream, alsaHostApi, inputParameters, outputParameters, sampleRate,
-                framesPerBuffer, callback, streamFlags, userData ) );
-
-    PA_ENSURE( PaAlsaStream_Configure( stream, inputParameters, outputParameters, sampleRate, framesPerBuffer,
-                &inputLatency, &outputLatency, &hostBufferSizeMode ) );
-    hostInputSampleFormat = stream->capture.hostSampleFormat;
-    hostOutputSampleFormat = stream->playback.hostSampleFormat;
-
-    PA_ENSURE( PaUtil_InitializeBufferProcessor( &stream->bufferProcessor,
-                    numInputChannels, inputSampleFormat, hostInputSampleFormat,
-                    numOutputChannels, outputSampleFormat, hostOutputSampleFormat,
-                    sampleRate, streamFlags, framesPerBuffer, stream->maxFramesPerHostBuffer,
-                    hostBufferSizeMode, callback, userData ) );
-
-    /* Ok, buffer processor is initialized, now we can deduce it's latency */
-    if( numInputChannels > 0 )
-        stream->streamRepresentation.streamInfo.inputLatency = inputLatency + PaUtil_GetBufferProcessorInputLatency(
-                &stream->bufferProcessor );
-    if( numOutputChannels > 0 )
-        stream->streamRepresentation.streamInfo.outputLatency = outputLatency + PaUtil_GetBufferProcessorOutputLatency(
-                &stream->bufferProcessor );
-
-    *s = (PaStream*)stream;
-
-    return result;
-
-error:
-    if( stream )
-    {
-        PA_DEBUG(( "%s: Stream in error, terminating\n", __FUNCTION__ ));
-        PaAlsaStream_Terminate( stream );
-    }
-
-    return result;
-}
-
-static PaError CloseStream( PaStream* s )
-{
-    PaError result = paNoError;
-    PaAlsaStream *stream = (PaAlsaStream*)s;
-
-    PaUtil_TerminateBufferProcessor( &stream->bufferProcessor );
-    PaUtil_TerminateStreamRepresentation( &stream->streamRepresentation );
-
-    PaAlsaStream_Terminate( stream );
-
-    return result;
-}
-
-static void SilenceBuffer( PaAlsaStream *stream )
-{
-    const snd_pcm_channel_area_t *areas;
-    snd_pcm_uframes_t frames = (snd_pcm_uframes_t)snd_pcm_avail_update( stream->playback.pcm ), offset;
-
-    snd_pcm_mmap_begin( stream->playback.pcm, &areas, &offset, &frames );
-    snd_pcm_areas_silence( areas, offset, stream->playback.numHostChannels, frames, stream->playback.nativeFormat );
-    snd_pcm_mmap_commit( stream->playback.pcm, offset, frames );
-}
-
-/** Start/prepare pcm(s) for streaming.
- *
- * Depending on wether the stream is in callback or blocking mode, we will respectively start or simply
- * prepare the playback pcm. If the buffer has _not_ been primed, we will in callback mode prepare and
- * silence the buffer before starting playback. In blocking mode we simply prepare, as the playback will
- * be started automatically as the user writes to output. 
- *
- * The capture pcm, however, will simply be prepared and started.
- *
- * PaAlsaStream::startMtx makes sure access is synchronized (useful in callback mode)
- */
-static PaError AlsaStart( PaAlsaStream *stream, int priming )
-{
-    PaError result = paNoError;
-
-    if( stream->playback.pcm )
-    {
-        if( stream->callbackMode )
-        {
-            if( !priming )
-            {
-                /* Buffer isn't primed, so prepare and silence */
-                ENSURE_( snd_pcm_prepare( stream->playback.pcm ), paUnanticipatedHostError );
-                SilenceBuffer( stream );
-            }
-            ENSURE_( snd_pcm_start( stream->playback.pcm ), paUnanticipatedHostError );
-        }
-        else
-            ENSURE_( snd_pcm_prepare( stream->playback.pcm ), paUnanticipatedHostError );
-    }
-    if( stream->capture.pcm && !stream->pcmsSynced )
-    {
-        ENSURE_( snd_pcm_prepare( stream->capture.pcm ), paUnanticipatedHostError );
-        /* For a blocking stream we want to start capture as well, since nothing will happen otherwise */
-        ENSURE_( snd_pcm_start( stream->capture.pcm ), paUnanticipatedHostError );
-    }
-
-end:
-    return result;
-error:
-    goto end;
-}
-
-/** Utility function for determining if pcms are in running state.
- *
- */
-static int IsRunning( PaAlsaStream *stream )
-{
-    int result = 0;
-
-    LockMutex( &stream->stateMtx );
-    if( stream->capture.pcm )
-    {
-        snd_pcm_state_t capture_state = snd_pcm_state( stream->capture.pcm );
-
-        if( capture_state == SND_PCM_STATE_RUNNING || capture_state == SND_PCM_STATE_XRUN
-                || capture_state == SND_PCM_STATE_DRAINING )
-        {
-            result = 1;
-            goto end;
-        }
-    }
-
-    if( stream->playback.pcm )
-    {
-        snd_pcm_state_t playback_state = snd_pcm_state( stream->playback.pcm );
-
-        if( playback_state == SND_PCM_STATE_RUNNING || playback_state == SND_PCM_STATE_XRUN
-                || playback_state == SND_PCM_STATE_DRAINING )
-        {
-            result = 1;
-            goto end;
-        }
-    }
-
-end:
-    ASSERT_CALL_( UnlockMutex( &stream->stateMtx ), paNoError );
-
-    return result;
-}
-
-static PaError StartStream( PaStream *s )
-{
-    PaError result = paNoError;
-    PaAlsaStream *stream = (PaAlsaStream*)s;
-    int streamStarted = 0;  /* So we can know wether we need to take the stream down */
-
-    /* Ready the processor */
-    PaUtil_ResetBufferProcessor( &stream->bufferProcessor );
-
-    /* Set now, so we can test for activity further down */
-    stream->isActive = 1;
-
-    if( stream->callbackMode )
-    {
-        int res = 0;
-        PaTime pt = PaUtil_GetTime();
-        struct timespec ts;
-
-        PA_ENSURE( CreateCallbackThread( &stream->threading, &CallbackThreadFunc, stream ) );
-        streamStarted = 1;
-
-        /* Wait for stream to be started */
-        ts.tv_sec = (time_t) floor( pt + 1 );
-        ts.tv_nsec = (long) ((pt - floor( pt )) * 1000000000);
-
-        /* Since we'll be holding a lock on the startMtx (when not waiting on the condition), IsRunning won't be checking
-         * stream state at the same time as the callback thread affects it. We also check IsStreamActive, in the unlikely
-         * case the callback thread exits in the meantime (the stream will be considered inactive after the thread exits) */
-        PA_ENSURE( LockMutex( &stream->startMtx ) );
-
-        /* Due to possible spurious wakeups, we enclose in a loop */
-        while( !IsRunning( stream ) && IsStreamActive( s ) && !res )
-        {
-            res = pthread_cond_timedwait( &stream->startCond, &stream->startMtx, &ts );
-        }
-        PA_ENSURE( UnlockMutex( &stream->startMtx ) );
-
-        PA_UNLESS( !res || res == ETIMEDOUT, paInternalError );
-        PA_DEBUG(( "%s: Waited for %g seconds for stream to start\n", __FUNCTION__, PaUtil_GetTime() - pt ));
-
-        if( res == ETIMEDOUT )
-        {
-            PA_ENSURE( paTimedOut );
-        }
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        PA_ENSURE( AlsaStart( stream, 0 ) );
-        streamStarted = 1;
-    }
-
-end:
-    return result;
-error:
-    if( streamStarted )
-        AbortStream( stream );
-    stream->isActive = 0;
-    
-    goto end;
-}
-
-static PaError AlsaStop( PaAlsaStream *stream, int abort )
-{
-    PaError result = paNoError;
-
-    if( abort )
-    {
-        if( stream->playback.pcm )
-        {
-            ENSURE_( snd_pcm_drop( stream->playback.pcm ), paUnanticipatedHostError );
-        }
-        if( stream->capture.pcm && !stream->pcmsSynced )
-        {
-            ENSURE_( snd_pcm_drop( stream->capture.pcm ), paUnanticipatedHostError );
-        }
-
-        PA_DEBUG(( "%s: Dropped frames\n", __FUNCTION__ ));
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        if( stream->playback.pcm )
-        {
-            ENSURE_( snd_pcm_nonblock( stream->playback.pcm, 0 ), paUnanticipatedHostError );
-            if( snd_pcm_drain( stream->playback.pcm ) < 0 )
-            {
-                PA_DEBUG(( "%s: Draining playback handle failed!\n", __FUNCTION__ ));
-            }
-        }
-        if( stream->capture.pcm && !stream->pcmsSynced )
-        {
-            /* We don't need to retrieve any remaining frames */
-            if( snd_pcm_drop( stream->capture.pcm ) < 0 )
-            {
-                PA_DEBUG(( "%s: Draining capture handle failed!\n", __FUNCTION__ ));
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-end:
-    return result;
-error:
-    goto end;
-}
-
-/** Stop or abort stream.
- *
- * If a stream is in callback mode we will have to inspect wether the background thread has
- * finished, or we will have to take it out. In either case we join the thread before
- * returning. In blocking mode, we simply tell ALSA to stop abruptly (abort) or finish
- * buffers (drain)
- *
- * Stream will be considered inactive (!PaAlsaStream::isActive) after a call to this function
- */
-static PaError RealStop( PaAlsaStream *stream, int abort )
-{
-    PaError result = paNoError;
-
-    /* First deal with the callback thread, cancelling and/or joining
-     * it if necessary
-     */
-    if( stream->callbackMode )
-    {
-        PaError threadRes, watchdogRes;
-        stream->callbackAbort = abort;
-
-        if( !abort )
-        {
-            PA_DEBUG(( "Stopping callback\n" ));
-            stream->callbackStop = 1;
-        }
-        PA_ENSURE( KillCallbackThread( &stream->threading, !abort, &threadRes, &watchdogRes ) );
-        if( threadRes != paNoError )
-            PA_DEBUG(( "Callback thread returned: %d\n", threadRes ));
-        if( watchdogRes != paNoError )
-            PA_DEBUG(( "Watchdog thread returned: %d\n", watchdogRes ));
-
-        stream->callbackStop = 0;   /* The deed is done */
-        stream->callback_finished = 0;
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        PA_ENSURE( AlsaStop( stream, abort ) );
-    }
-
-    stream->isActive = 0;
-
-end:
-    return result;
-
-error:
-    goto end;
-}
-
-static PaError StopStream( PaStream *s )
-{
-    return RealStop( (PaAlsaStream *) s, 0 );
-}
-
-static PaError AbortStream( PaStream *s )
-{
-    return RealStop( (PaAlsaStream * ) s, 1 );
-}
-
-/** The stream is considered stopped before StartStream, or AFTER a call to Abort/StopStream (callback
- * returning !paContinue is not considered)
- *
- */
-static PaError IsStreamStopped( PaStream *s )
-{
-    PaAlsaStream *stream = (PaAlsaStream *)s;
-
-    /* callback_finished indicates we need to join callback thread (ie. in Abort/StopStream) */
-    return !IsStreamActive( s ) && !stream->callback_finished;
-}
-
-static PaError IsStreamActive( PaStream *s )
-{
-    PaAlsaStream *stream = (PaAlsaStream*)s;
-    return stream->isActive;
-}
-
-static PaTime GetStreamTime( PaStream *s )
-{
-    PaAlsaStream *stream = (PaAlsaStream*)s;
-
-    snd_timestamp_t timestamp;
-    snd_pcm_status_t* status;
-    snd_pcm_status_alloca( &status );
-
-    /* TODO: what if we have both?  does it really matter? */
-
-    /* TODO: if running in callback mode, this will mean
-     * libasound routines are being called from multiple threads.
-     * need to verify that libasound is thread-safe. */
-
-    if( stream->capture.pcm )
-    {
-        snd_pcm_status( stream->capture.pcm, status );
-    }
-    else if( stream->playback.pcm )
-    {
-        snd_pcm_status( stream->playback.pcm, status );
-    }
-
-    snd_pcm_status_get_tstamp( status, &timestamp );
-    return timestamp.tv_sec + (PaTime)timestamp.tv_usec / 1e6;
-}
-
-static double GetStreamCpuLoad( PaStream* s )
-{
-    PaAlsaStream *stream = (PaAlsaStream*)s;
-
-    return PaUtil_GetCpuLoad( &stream->cpuLoadMeasurer );
-}
-
-static int SetApproximateSampleRate( snd_pcm_t *pcm, snd_pcm_hw_params_t *hwParams, double sampleRate )
-{
-    unsigned long approx = (unsigned long) sampleRate;
-    int dir = 0;
-    double fraction = sampleRate - approx;
-
-    assert( pcm && hwParams );
-
-    if( fraction > 0.0 )
-    {
-        if( fraction > 0.5 )
-        {
-            ++approx;
-            dir = -1;
-        }
-        else
-            dir = 1;
-    }
-
-    return snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate( pcm, hwParams, approx, dir );
-}
-
-/* Return exact sample rate in param sampleRate */
-static int GetExactSampleRate( snd_pcm_hw_params_t *hwParams, double *sampleRate )
-{
-    unsigned int num, den;
-    int err; 
-
-    assert( hwParams );
-
-    err = snd_pcm_hw_params_get_rate_numden( hwParams, &num, &den );
-    *sampleRate = (double) num / den;
-
-    return err;
-}
-
-/* Utility functions for blocking/callback interfaces */
-
-/* Atomic restart of stream (we don't want the intermediate state visible) */
-static PaError AlsaRestart( PaAlsaStream *stream )
-{
-    PaError result = paNoError;
-
-    PA_ENSURE( LockMutex( &stream->stateMtx ) );
-    PA_ENSURE( AlsaStop( stream, 0 ) );
-    PA_ENSURE( AlsaStart( stream, 0 ) );
-
-    PA_DEBUG(( "%s: Restarted audio\n", __FUNCTION__ ));
-
-error:
-    PA_ENSURE( UnlockMutex( &stream->stateMtx ) );
-
-    return result;
-}
-
-/** Recover from xrun state.
- *
- */
-static PaError PaAlsaStream_HandleXrun( PaAlsaStream *self )
-{
-    PaError result = paNoError;
-    snd_pcm_status_t *st;
-    PaTime now = PaUtil_GetTime();
-    snd_timestamp_t t;
-
-    snd_pcm_status_alloca( &st );
-
-    if( self->playback.pcm )
-    {
-        snd_pcm_status( self->playback.pcm, st );
-        if( snd_pcm_status_get_state( st ) == SND_PCM_STATE_XRUN )
-        {
-            snd_pcm_status_get_trigger_tstamp( st, &t );
-            self->underrun = now * 1000 - ((PaTime) t.tv_sec * 1000 + (PaTime) t.tv_usec / 1000);
-        }
-    }
-    if( self->capture.pcm )
-    {
-        snd_pcm_status( self->capture.pcm, st );
-        if( snd_pcm_status_get_state( st ) == SND_PCM_STATE_XRUN )
-        {
-            snd_pcm_status_get_trigger_tstamp( st, &t );
-            self->overrun = now * 1000 - ((PaTime) t.tv_sec * 1000 + (PaTime) t.tv_usec / 1000);
-        }
-    }
-
-    PA_ENSURE( AlsaRestart( self ) );
-
-end:
-    return result;
-error:
-    goto end;
-}
-
-/** Decide if we should continue polling for specified direction, eventually adjust the poll timeout.
- * 
- */
-static PaError ContinuePoll( const PaAlsaStream *stream, StreamDirection streamDir, int *pollTimeout, int *continuePoll )
-{
-    PaError result = paNoError;
-    snd_pcm_sframes_t delay, margin;
-    int err;
-    const PaAlsaStreamComponent *component = NULL, *otherComponent = NULL;
-
-    *continuePoll = 1;
-
-    if( StreamDirection_In == streamDir )
-    {
-        component = &stream->capture;
-        otherComponent = &stream->playback;
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        component = &stream->playback;
-        otherComponent = &stream->capture;
-    }
-
-    /* ALSA docs say that negative delay should indicate xrun, but in my experience snd_pcm_delay returns -EPIPE */
-    if( (err = snd_pcm_delay( otherComponent->pcm, &delay )) < 0 )
-    {
-        if( err == -EPIPE )
-        {
-            /* Xrun */
-            *continuePoll = 0;
-            goto error;
-        }
-
-        ENSURE_( err, paUnanticipatedHostError );
-    }
-
-    if( StreamDirection_Out == streamDir )
-    {
-        /* Number of eligible frames before capture overrun */
-        delay = otherComponent->bufferSize - delay;
-    }
-    margin = delay - otherComponent->framesPerBuffer / 2;
-
-    if( margin < 0 )
-    {
-        PA_DEBUG(( "%s: Stopping poll for %s\n", __FUNCTION__, StreamDirection_In == streamDir ? "capture" : "playback" ));
-        *continuePoll = 0;
-    }
-    else if( margin < otherComponent->framesPerBuffer )
-    {
-        *pollTimeout = CalculatePollTimeout( stream, margin );
-        PA_DEBUG(( "%s: Trying to poll again for %s frames, pollTimeout: %d\n",
-                    __FUNCTION__, StreamDirection_In == streamDir ? "capture" : "playback", *pollTimeout ));
-    }
-
-error:
-    return result;
-}
-
-/* Callback interface */
-
-static void OnExit( void *data )
-{
-    PaAlsaStream *stream = (PaAlsaStream *) data;
-
-    assert( data );
-
-    PaUtil_ResetCpuLoadMeasurer( &stream->cpuLoadMeasurer );
-
-    stream->callback_finished = 1;  /* Let the outside world know stream was stopped in callback */
-    PA_DEBUG(( "%s: Stopping ALSA handles\n", __FUNCTION__ ));
-    AlsaStop( stream, stream->callbackAbort );
-    stream->callbackAbort = 0;      /* Clear state */
-    
-    PA_DEBUG(( "%s: Stoppage\n", __FUNCTION__ ));
-
-    /* Eventually notify user all buffers have played */
-    if( stream->streamRepresentation.streamFinishedCallback )
-        stream->streamRepresentation.streamFinishedCallback( stream->streamRepresentation.userData );
-    stream->isActive = 0;
-}
-
-static void CalculateTimeInfo( PaAlsaStream *stream, PaStreamCallbackTimeInfo *timeInfo )
-{
-    snd_pcm_status_t *capture_status, *playback_status;
-    snd_timestamp_t capture_timestamp, playback_timestamp;
-    PaTime capture_time = 0., playback_time = 0.;
-
-    snd_pcm_status_alloca( &capture_status );
-    snd_pcm_status_alloca( &playback_status );
-
-    if( stream->capture.pcm )
-    {
-        snd_pcm_sframes_t capture_delay;
-
-        snd_pcm_status( stream->capture.pcm, capture_status );
-        snd_pcm_status_get_tstamp( capture_status, &capture_timestamp );
-
-        capture_time = capture_timestamp.tv_sec +
-            ((PaTime)capture_timestamp.tv_usec / 1000000.0);
-        timeInfo->currentTime = capture_time;
-
-        capture_delay = snd_pcm_status_get_delay( capture_status );
-        timeInfo->inputBufferAdcTime = timeInfo->currentTime -
-            (PaTime)capture_delay / stream->streamRepresentation.streamInfo.sampleRate;
-    }
-    if( stream->playback.pcm )
-    {
-        snd_pcm_sframes_t playback_delay;
-
-        snd_pcm_status( stream->playback.pcm, playback_status );
-        snd_pcm_status_get_tstamp( playback_status, &playback_timestamp );
-
-        playback_time = playback_timestamp.tv_sec +
-            ((PaTime)playback_timestamp.tv_usec / 1000000.0);
-
-        if( stream->capture.pcm ) /* Full duplex */
-        {
-            /* Hmm, we have both a playback and a capture timestamp.
-             * Hopefully they are the same... */
-            if( fabs( capture_time - playback_time ) > 0.01 )
-                PA_DEBUG(("Capture time and playback time differ by %f\n", fabs(capture_time-playback_time)));
-        }
-        else
-            timeInfo->currentTime = playback_time;
-
-        playback_delay = snd_pcm_status_get_delay( playback_status );
-        timeInfo->outputBufferDacTime = timeInfo->currentTime +
-            (PaTime)playback_delay / stream->streamRepresentation.streamInfo.sampleRate;
-    }
-}
-
-/** Called after buffer processing is finished.
- *
- * A number of mmapped frames is committed, it is possible that an xrun has occurred in the meantime.
- *
- * @param numFrames The number of frames that has been processed
- * @param xrun Return whether an xrun has occurred
- */
-static PaError PaAlsaStreamComponent_EndProcessing( PaAlsaStreamComponent *self, unsigned long numFrames, int *xrun )
-{
-    PaError result = paNoError;
-    int res;
-
-    /* @concern FullDuplex It is possible that only one direction is marked ready after polling, and processed
-     * afterwards
-     */
-    if( !self->ready )
-        goto end;
-
-    res = snd_pcm_mmap_commit( self->pcm, self->offset, numFrames );
-    if( res == -EPIPE || res == -ESTRPIPE )
-    {
-        *xrun = 1;
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        ENSURE_( res, paUnanticipatedHostError );
-    }
-
-end:
-error:
-    return result;
-}
-
-/* Extract buffer from channel area */
-static unsigned char *ExtractAddress( const snd_pcm_channel_area_t *area, snd_pcm_uframes_t offset )
-{
-    return (unsigned char *) area->addr + (area->first + offset * area->step) / 8;
-}
-
-/** Do necessary adaption between user and host channels.
- *
-    @concern ChannelAdaption Adapting between user and host channels can involve silencing unused channels and
-    duplicating mono information if host outputs come in pairs.
- */
-static PaError PaAlsaStreamComponent_DoChannelAdaption( PaAlsaStreamComponent *self, PaUtilBufferProcessor *bp, int numFrames )
-{
-    PaError result = paNoError;
-    unsigned char *p;
-    int i;
-    int unusedChans = self->numHostChannels - self->numUserChannels;
-    unsigned char *src, *dst;
-    int convertMono = (self->numHostChannels % 2) == 0 && (self->numUserChannels % 2) != 0;
-
-    assert( StreamDirection_Out == self->streamDir );
-
-    if( self->hostInterleaved )
-    {
-        int swidth = snd_pcm_format_size( self->nativeFormat, 1 );
-        unsigned char *buffer = ExtractAddress( self->channelAreas, self->offset );
-
-        /* Start after the last user channel */
-        p = buffer + self->numUserChannels * swidth;
-
-        if( convertMono )
-        {
-            /* Convert the last user channel into stereo pair */
-            src = buffer + (self->numUserChannels - 1) * swidth;
-            for( i = 0; i < numFrames; ++i )
-            {
-                dst = src + swidth;
-                memcpy( dst, src, swidth );
-                src += self->numHostChannels * swidth;
-            }
-
-            /* Don't touch the channel we just wrote to */
-            p += swidth;
-            --unusedChans;
-        }
-
-        if( unusedChans > 0 )
-        {
-            /* Silence unused output channels */
-            for( i = 0; i < numFrames; ++i )
-            {
-                memset( p, 0, swidth * unusedChans );
-                p += self->numHostChannels * swidth;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        /* We extract the last user channel */
-        if( convertMono )
-        {
-            ENSURE_( snd_pcm_area_copy( self->channelAreas + self->numUserChannels, self->offset, self->channelAreas +
-                    (self->numUserChannels - 1), self->offset, numFrames, self->nativeFormat ), paUnanticipatedHostError );
-            --unusedChans;
-        }
-        if( unusedChans > 0 )
-        {
-            snd_pcm_areas_silence( self->channelAreas + (self->numHostChannels - unusedChans), self->offset, unusedChans, numFrames,
-                    self->nativeFormat );
-        }
-    }
-
-error:
-    return result;
-}
-
-static PaError PaAlsaStream_EndProcessing( PaAlsaStream *self, unsigned long numFrames, int *xrunOccurred )
-{
-    PaError result = paNoError;
-    int xrun = 0;
-
-    if( self->capture.pcm )
-    {
-        PA_ENSURE( PaAlsaStreamComponent_EndProcessing( &self->capture, numFrames, &xrun ) );
-    }
-    if( self->playback.pcm )
-    {
-        if( self->playback.numHostChannels > self->playback.numUserChannels )
-            PA_ENSURE( PaAlsaStreamComponent_DoChannelAdaption( &self->playback, &self->bufferProcessor, numFrames ) );
-        PA_ENSURE( PaAlsaStreamComponent_EndProcessing( &self->playback, numFrames, &xrun ) );
-    }
-
-error:
-    *xrunOccurred = xrun;
-    return result;
-}
-
-/** Update the number of available frames.
- *
- */
-static PaError PaAlsaStreamComponent_GetAvailableFrames( PaAlsaStreamComponent *self, unsigned long *numFrames, int *xrunOccurred )
-{
-    PaError result = paNoError;
-    snd_pcm_sframes_t framesAvail = snd_pcm_avail_update( self->pcm );
-    *xrunOccurred = 0;
-
-    if( -EPIPE == framesAvail )
-    {
-        *xrunOccurred = 1;
-        framesAvail = 0;
-    }
-    else
-        ENSURE_( framesAvail, paUnanticipatedHostError );
-
-    *numFrames = framesAvail;
-
-error:
-    return result;
-}
-
-/** Fill in pollfd objects.
- */
-static PaError PaAlsaStreamComponent_BeginPolling( PaAlsaStreamComponent* self, struct pollfd* pfds )
-{
-    PaError result = paNoError;
-    int ret = snd_pcm_poll_descriptors( self->pcm, pfds, self->nfds );
-    (void)ret;  /* Prevent unused variable warning if asserts are turned off */
-    assert( ret == self->nfds );
-
-    self->ready = 0;
-
-    return result;
-}
-
-/** Examine results from poll().
- *
- * @param pfds pollfds to inspect
- * @param shouldPoll Should we continue to poll
- * @param xrun Has an xrun occurred
- */
-static PaError PaAlsaStreamComponent_EndPolling( PaAlsaStreamComponent* self, struct pollfd* pfds, int* shouldPoll, int* xrun )
-{
-    PaError result = paNoError;
-    unsigned short revents;
-
-    ENSURE_( snd_pcm_poll_descriptors_revents( self->pcm, pfds, self->nfds, &revents ), paUnanticipatedHostError );
-    if( revents != 0 )
-    {
-        if( revents & POLLERR )
-        {
-            *xrun = 1;
-        }
-        else
-            self->ready = 1;
-
-        *shouldPoll = 0;
-    }
-
-error:
-    return result;
-}
-
-/** Return the number of available frames for this stream.
- *
- * @concern FullDuplex The minimum available for the two directions is calculated, it might be desirable to ignore
- * one direction however (not marked ready from poll), so this is controlled by queryCapture and queryPlayback.
- *
- * @param queryCapture Check available for capture
- * @param queryPlayback Check available for playback
- * @param available The returned number of frames
- * @param xrunOccurred Return whether an xrun has occurred
- */
-static PaError PaAlsaStream_GetAvailableFrames( PaAlsaStream *self, int queryCapture, int queryPlayback, unsigned long
-        *available, int *xrunOccurred )
-{
-    PaError result = paNoError;
-    unsigned long captureFrames, playbackFrames;
-    *xrunOccurred = 0;
-
-    assert( queryCapture || queryPlayback );
-
-    if( queryCapture )
-    {
-        assert( self->capture.pcm );
-        PA_ENSURE( PaAlsaStreamComponent_GetAvailableFrames( &self->capture, &captureFrames, xrunOccurred ) );
-        if( *xrunOccurred )
-            goto end;
-    }
-    if( queryPlayback )
-    {
-        assert( self->playback.pcm );
-        PA_ENSURE( PaAlsaStreamComponent_GetAvailableFrames( &self->playback, &playbackFrames, xrunOccurred ) );
-        if( *xrunOccurred )
-            goto end;
-    }
-
-    if( queryCapture && queryPlayback )
-    {
-        *available = PA_MIN( captureFrames, playbackFrames );
-        /*PA_DEBUG(("capture: %lu, playback: %lu, combined: %lu\n", captureFrames, playbackFrames, *available));*/
-    }
-    else if( queryCapture )
-    {
-        *available = captureFrames;
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        *available = playbackFrames;
-    }
-
-end:
-error:
-    return result;
-}
-
-/** Wait for and report available buffer space from ALSA.
- *
- * Unless ALSA reports a minimum of frames available for I/O, we poll the ALSA filedescriptors for more.
- * Both of these operations can uncover xrun conditions.
- *
- * @concern Xruns Both polling and querying available frames can report an xrun condition.
- *
- * @param framesAvail Return the number of available frames
- * @param xrunOccurred Return whether an xrun has occurred
- */ 
-static PaError PaAlsaStream_WaitForFrames( PaAlsaStream *self, unsigned long *framesAvail, int *xrunOccurred )
-{
-    PaError result = paNoError;
-    int pollPlayback = self->playback.pcm != NULL, pollCapture = self->capture.pcm != NULL;
-    int pollTimeout = self->pollTimeout;
-    int xrun = 0;
-
-    assert( self );
-    assert( framesAvail );
-
-    if( !self->callbackMode )
-    {
-        /* In blocking mode we will only wait if necessary */
-        PA_ENSURE( PaAlsaStream_GetAvailableFrames( self, self->capture.pcm != NULL, self->playback.pcm != NULL,
-                    framesAvail, &xrun ) );
-        if( xrun )
-        {
-            goto end;
-        }
-
-        if( *framesAvail > 0 )
-        {
-            /* Mark pcms ready from poll */
-            if( self->capture.pcm )
-                self->capture.ready = 1;
-            if( self->playback.pcm )
-                self->playback.ready = 1;
-
-            goto end;
-        }
-    }
-
-    while( pollPlayback || pollCapture )
-    {
-        int totalFds = 0;
-        struct pollfd *capturePfds = NULL, *playbackPfds = NULL;
-
-        pthread_testcancel();
-
-        if( pollCapture )
-        {
-            capturePfds = self->pfds;
-            PA_ENSURE( PaAlsaStreamComponent_BeginPolling( &self->capture, capturePfds ) );
-            totalFds += self->capture.nfds;
-        }
-        if( pollPlayback )
-        {
-            playbackPfds = self->pfds + (self->capture.pcm ? self->capture.nfds : 0);
-            PA_ENSURE( PaAlsaStreamComponent_BeginPolling( &self->playback, playbackPfds ) );
-            totalFds += self->playback.nfds;
-        }
-        
-        if( poll( self->pfds, totalFds, pollTimeout ) < 0 )
-        {
-            /*  XXX: Depend on preprocessor condition? */
-            if( errno == EINTR )
-            {
-                /* gdb */
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            /* TODO: Add macro for checking system calls */
-            PA_ENSURE( paInternalError );
-        }
-
-        /* check the return status of our pfds */
-        if( pollCapture )
-        {
-            PA_ENSURE( PaAlsaStreamComponent_EndPolling( &self->capture, capturePfds, &pollCapture, &xrun ) );
-        }
-        if( pollPlayback )
-        {
-            PA_ENSURE( PaAlsaStreamComponent_EndPolling( &self->playback, playbackPfds, &pollPlayback, &xrun ) );
-        }
-        if( xrun )
-        {
-            break;
-        }
-
-        /* @concern FullDuplex If only one of two pcms is ready we may want to compromise between the two.
-         * If there is less than half a period's worth of samples left of frames in the other pcm's buffer we will
-         * stop polling.
-         */
-        if( self->capture.pcm && self->playback.pcm )
-        {
-            if( pollCapture && !pollPlayback )
-            {
-                PA_ENSURE( ContinuePoll( self, StreamDirection_In, &pollTimeout, &pollCapture ) );
-            }
-            else if( pollPlayback && !pollCapture )
-            {
-                PA_ENSURE( ContinuePoll( self, StreamDirection_Out, &pollTimeout, &pollPlayback ) );
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    if( !xrun )
-    {
-        /* Get the number of available frames for the pcms that are marked ready.
-         * @concern FullDuplex If only one direction is marked ready (from poll), the number of frames available for
-         * the other direction is returned. Output is normally preferred over capture however, so capture frames may be
-         * discarded to avoid overrun unless paNeverDropInput is specified.
-         */
-        int captureReady = self->capture.pcm ? self->capture.ready : 0,
-            playbackReady = self->playback.pcm ? self->playback.ready : 0;
-        PA_ENSURE( PaAlsaStream_GetAvailableFrames( self, captureReady, playbackReady, framesAvail, &xrun ) );
-
-        if( self->capture.pcm && self->playback.pcm )
-        {
-            if( !self->playback.ready && !self->neverDropInput )
-            {
-                /* Drop input, a period's worth */
-                assert( self->capture.ready );
-                PaAlsaStreamComponent_EndProcessing( &self->capture, PA_MIN( self->capture.framesPerBuffer,
-                            *framesAvail ), &xrun );
-                *framesAvail = 0;
-                self->capture.ready = 0;
-            }
-        }
-        else if( self->capture.pcm )
-            assert( self->capture.ready );
-        else
-            assert( self->playback.ready );
-    }
-
-end:
-error:
-    if( xrun )
-    {
-        /* Recover from the xrun state */
-        PA_ENSURE( PaAlsaStream_HandleXrun( self ) );
-        *framesAvail = 0;
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        if( 0 != *framesAvail )
-        {
-            /* If we're reporting frames eligible for processing, one of the handles better be ready */
-            PA_UNLESS( self->capture.ready || self->playback.ready, paInternalError );
-        }
-    }
-    *xrunOccurred = xrun;
-
-    return result;
-}
-
-/** Register per-channel ALSA buffer information with buffer processor.
- *
- * Mmapped buffer space is acquired from ALSA, and registered with the buffer processor. Differences between the
- * number of host and user channels is taken into account.
- * 
- * @param numFrames On entrance the number of requested frames, on exit the number of contiguously accessible frames.
- */
-static PaError PaAlsaStreamComponent_RegisterChannels( PaAlsaStreamComponent* self, PaUtilBufferProcessor* bp,
-        unsigned long* numFrames, int* xrun )
-{
-    PaError result = paNoError;
-    const snd_pcm_channel_area_t *areas, *area;
-    void (*setChannel)(PaUtilBufferProcessor *, unsigned int, void *, unsigned int) =
-        StreamDirection_In == self->streamDir ? PaUtil_SetInputChannel : PaUtil_SetOutputChannel;
-    unsigned char *buffer, *p;
-    int i;
-    unsigned long framesAvail;
-
-    /* This _must_ be called before mmap_begin */
-    PA_ENSURE( PaAlsaStreamComponent_GetAvailableFrames( self, &framesAvail, xrun ) );
-    if( *xrun )
-    {
-        *numFrames = 0;
-        goto end;
-    }
-
-    ENSURE_( snd_pcm_mmap_begin( self->pcm, &areas, &self->offset, numFrames ), paUnanticipatedHostError );
-
-    if( self->hostInterleaved )
-    {
-        int swidth = snd_pcm_format_size( self->nativeFormat, 1 );
-
-        p = buffer = ExtractAddress( areas, self->offset );
-        for( i = 0; i < self->numUserChannels; ++i )
-        {
-            /* We're setting the channels up to userChannels, but the stride will be hostChannels samples */
-            setChannel( bp, i, p, self->numHostChannels );
-            p += swidth;
-        }
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        for( i = 0; i < self->numUserChannels; ++i )
-        {
-            area = areas + i;
-            buffer = ExtractAddress( area, self->offset );
-            setChannel( bp, i, buffer, 1 );
-        }
-    }
-
-    /* @concern ChannelAdaption Buffer address is recorded so we can do some channel adaption later */
-    self->channelAreas = (snd_pcm_channel_area_t *)areas;
-
-end:
-error:
-    return result;
-}
-
-/** Initiate buffer processing.
- *
- * ALSA buffers are registered with the PA buffer processor and the buffer size (in frames) set.
- *
- * @concern FullDuplex If both directions are being processed, the minimum amount of frames for the two directions is
- * calculated.
- *
- * @param numFrames On entrance the number of available frames, on exit the number of received frames
- * @param xrunOccurred Return whether an xrun has occurred
- */
-static PaError PaAlsaStream_SetUpBuffers( PaAlsaStream* self, unsigned long* numFrames, int* xrunOccurred )
-{
-    PaError result = paNoError;
-    unsigned long captureFrames = ULONG_MAX, playbackFrames = ULONG_MAX, commonFrames = 0;
-    int xrun = 0;
-
-    if( *xrunOccurred )
-    {
-        *numFrames = 0;
-        return result;
-    }
-    /* If we got here at least one of the pcm's should be marked ready */
-    PA_UNLESS( self->capture.ready || self->playback.ready, paInternalError );
-
-    /* Extract per-channel ALSA buffer pointers and register them with the buffer processor.
-     * It is possible that a direction is not marked ready however, because it is out of sync with the other.
-     */
-    if( self->capture.pcm && self->capture.ready )
-    {
-        captureFrames = *numFrames;
-        PA_ENSURE( PaAlsaStreamComponent_RegisterChannels( &self->capture, &self->bufferProcessor, &captureFrames, 
-                    &xrun ) );
-    }
-    if( self->playback.pcm && self->playback.ready )
-    {
-        playbackFrames = *numFrames;
-        PA_ENSURE( PaAlsaStreamComponent_RegisterChannels( &self->playback, &self->bufferProcessor, &playbackFrames, 
-                    &xrun ) );
-    }
-    if( xrun )
-    {
-        /* Nothing more to do */
-        assert( 0 == commonFrames );
-        goto end;
-    }
-
-    commonFrames = PA_MIN( captureFrames, playbackFrames );
-    /* assert( commonFrames <= *numFrames ); */
-    if( commonFrames > *numFrames )
-    {
-        /* Hmmm ... how come there are more frames available than we requested!? Blah. */
-        PA_DEBUG(( "%s: Common available frames are reported to be more than number requested: %lu, %lu, callbackMode: %d\n", __FUNCTION__,
-                    commonFrames, *numFrames, self->callbackMode ));
-        if( self->capture.pcm )
-        {
-            PA_DEBUG(( "%s: captureFrames: %lu, capture.ready: %d\n", __FUNCTION__, captureFrames, self->capture.ready ));
-        }
-        if( self->playback.pcm )
-        {
-            PA_DEBUG(( "%s: playbackFrames: %lu, playback.ready: %d\n", __FUNCTION__, playbackFrames, self->playback.ready ));
-        }
-        
-        commonFrames = 0;
-        goto end;
-    }
-
-    /* Inform PortAudio of the number of frames we got.
-     * @concern FullDuplex We might be experiencing underflow in either end; if its an input underflow, we go on
-     * with output. If its output underflow however, depending on the paNeverDropInput flag, we may want to simply
-     * discard the excess input or call the callback with paOutputOverflow flagged.
-     */
-    if( self->capture.pcm )
-    {
-        if( self->capture.ready )
-        {
-            PaUtil_SetInputFrameCount( &self->bufferProcessor, commonFrames );
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            /* We have input underflow */
-            PaUtil_SetNoInput( &self->bufferProcessor );
-        }
-    }
-    if( self->playback.pcm )
-    {
-        if( self->playback.ready )
-        {
-            PaUtil_SetOutputFrameCount( &self->bufferProcessor, commonFrames );
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            /* We have output underflow, but keeping input data (paNeverDropInput) */
-            assert( self->neverDropInput );
-            assert( self->capture.pcm != NULL );
-            PA_DEBUG(( "%s: Setting output buffers to NULL\n", __FUNCTION__ ));
-            PaUtil_SetNoOutput( &self->bufferProcessor );
-        }
-    }
-    
-end:
-    *numFrames = commonFrames;
-error:
-    if( xrun )
-    {
-        PA_ENSURE( PaAlsaStream_HandleXrun( self ) );
-        *numFrames = 0;
-    }
-    *xrunOccurred = xrun;
-
-    return result;
-}
-
-/** Callback thread's function.
- *
- * Roughly, the workflow can be described in the following way: The number of available frames that can be processed
- * directly is obtained from ALSA, we then request as much directly accessible memory as possible within this amount
- * from ALSA. The buffer memory is registered with the PA buffer processor and processing is carried out with
- * PaUtil_EndBufferProcessing. Finally, the number of processed frames is reported to ALSA. The processing can
- * happen in several iterations untill we have consumed the known number of available frames (or an xrun is detected).
- */
-static void *CallbackThreadFunc( void *userData )
-{
-    PaError result = paNoError, *pres = NULL;
-    PaAlsaStream *stream = (PaAlsaStream*) userData;
-    PaStreamCallbackTimeInfo timeInfo = {0, 0, 0};
-    snd_pcm_sframes_t startThreshold = 0;
-    int callbackResult = paContinue;
-    PaStreamCallbackFlags cbFlags = 0;  /* We might want to keep state across iterations */
-    int streamStarted = 0;
-
-    assert( stream );
-
-    callbackThread_ = pthread_self();
-    /* Execute OnExit when exiting */
-    pthread_cleanup_push( &OnExit, stream );
-
-    /* Not implemented */
-    assert( !stream->primeBuffers );
-
-    /* @concern StreamStart If the output is being primed the output pcm needs to be prepared, otherwise the
-     * stream is started immediately. The latter involves signaling the waiting main thread.
-     */
-    if( stream->primeBuffers )
-    {
-        snd_pcm_sframes_t avail;
-        
-        if( stream->playback.pcm )
-            ENSURE_( snd_pcm_prepare( stream->playback.pcm ), paUnanticipatedHostError );
-        if( stream->capture.pcm && !stream->pcmsSynced )
-            ENSURE_( snd_pcm_prepare( stream->capture.pcm ), paUnanticipatedHostError );
-
-        /* We can't be certain that the whole ring buffer is available for priming, but there should be
-         * at least one period */
-        avail = snd_pcm_avail_update( stream->playback.pcm );
-        startThreshold = avail - (avail % stream->playback.framesPerBuffer);
-        assert( startThreshold >= stream->playback.framesPerBuffer );
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        PA_ENSURE( LockMutex( &stream->startMtx ) );
-        /* Buffer will be zeroed */
-        PA_ENSURE( AlsaStart( stream, 0 ) );
-        ENSURE_SYSTEM_( pthread_cond_signal( &stream->startCond ), 0 );
-        PA_ENSURE( UnlockMutex( &stream->startMtx ) );
-
-        streamStarted = 1;
-    }
-
-    while( 1 )
-    {
-        unsigned long framesAvail, framesGot;
-        int xrun = 0;
-
-        pthread_testcancel();
-
-        /* @concern StreamStop if the main thread has requested a stop and the stream has not been effectively
-         * stopped we signal this condition by modifying callbackResult (we'll want to flush buffered output).
-         */
-        if( stream->callbackStop && paContinue == callbackResult )
-        {
-            PA_DEBUG(( "Setting callbackResult to paComplete\n" ));
-            callbackResult = paComplete;
-        }
-
-        if( paContinue != callbackResult )
-        {
-            stream->callbackAbort = (paAbort == callbackResult);
-            if( stream->callbackAbort ||
-                    /** @concern BlockAdaption: Go on if adaption buffers are empty */
-                    PaUtil_IsBufferProcessorOutputEmpty( &stream->bufferProcessor ) ) 
-                goto end;
-
-            PA_DEBUG(( "%s: Flushing buffer processor\n", __FUNCTION__ ));
-            /* There is still buffered output that needs to be processed */
-        }
-
-        /* Wait for data to become available, this comes down to polling the ALSA file descriptors untill we have
-         * a number of available frames.
-         */
-        PA_ENSURE( PaAlsaStream_WaitForFrames( stream, &framesAvail, &xrun ) );
-        if( xrun )
-        {
-            assert( 0 == framesAvail );
-            continue;
-
-            /* XXX: Report xruns to the user? A situation is conceivable where the callback is never invoked due
-             * to constant xruns, it might be desirable to notify the user of this.
-             */
-        }
-
-        /* Consume buffer space. Once we have a number of frames available for consumption we must retrieve the
-         * mmapped buffers from ALSA, this is contiguously accessible memory however, so we may receive smaller
-         * portions at a time than is available as a whole. Therefore we should be prepared to process several
-         * chunks successively. The buffers are passed to the PA buffer processor.
-         */
-        while( framesAvail > 0 )
-        {
-            xrun = 0;
-
-            pthread_testcancel();
-
-            /** @concern Xruns Under/overflows are to be reported to the callback */
-            if( stream->underrun > 0.0 )
-            {
-                cbFlags |= paOutputUnderflow;
-                stream->underrun = 0.0;
-            }
-            if( stream->overrun > 0.0 )
-            {
-                cbFlags |= paInputOverflow;
-                stream->overrun = 0.0;
-            }
-            if( stream->capture.pcm && stream->playback.pcm )
-            {
-                /** @concern FullDuplex It's possible that only one direction is being processed to avoid an
-                 * under- or overflow, this should be reported correspondingly */
-                if( !stream->capture.ready )
-                {
-                    cbFlags |= paInputUnderflow;
-                    PA_DEBUG(( "%s: Input underflow\n", __FUNCTION__ ));
-                }
-                else if( !stream->playback.ready )
-                {
-                    cbFlags |= paOutputOverflow;
-                    PA_DEBUG(( "%s: Output overflow\n", __FUNCTION__ ));
-                }
-            }
-
-            CallbackUpdate( &stream->threading );
-            CalculateTimeInfo( stream, &timeInfo );
-            PaUtil_BeginBufferProcessing( &stream->bufferProcessor, &timeInfo, cbFlags );
-            cbFlags = 0;
-
-            /* CPU load measurement should include processing activivity external to the stream callback */
-            PaUtil_BeginCpuLoadMeasurement( &stream->cpuLoadMeasurer );
-
-            framesGot = framesAvail;
-            if( paUtilFixedHostBufferSize == stream->bufferProcessor.hostBufferSizeMode )
-            {
-                /* We've committed to a fixed host buffer size, stick to that */
-                framesGot = framesGot >= stream->maxFramesPerHostBuffer ? stream->maxFramesPerHostBuffer : 0;
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                /* We've committed to an upper bound on the size of host buffers */
-                assert( paUtilBoundedHostBufferSize == stream->bufferProcessor.hostBufferSizeMode );
-                framesGot = PA_MIN( framesGot, stream->maxFramesPerHostBuffer );
-            }
-            PA_ENSURE( PaAlsaStream_SetUpBuffers( stream, &framesGot, &xrun ) );
-            /* Check the host buffer size against the buffer processor configuration */
-            framesAvail -= framesGot;
-
-            if( framesGot > 0 )
-            {
-                assert( !xrun );
-                PaUtil_EndBufferProcessing( &stream->bufferProcessor, &callbackResult );
-                PA_ENSURE( PaAlsaStream_EndProcessing( stream, framesGot, &xrun ) );
-            }
-            PaUtil_EndCpuLoadMeasurement( &stream->cpuLoadMeasurer, framesGot );
-
-            if( 0 == framesGot )
-            {
-                /* Go back to polling for more frames */
-                break;
-
-            }
-
-            if( paContinue != callbackResult )
-                break;
-        }
-    }
-
-    /* Match pthread_cleanup_push */
-    pthread_cleanup_pop( 1 );
-
-end:
-    PA_DEBUG(( "%s: Thread %d exiting\n ", __FUNCTION__, pthread_self() ));
-    pthread_exit( pres );
-
-error:
-    /* Pass on error code */
-    pres = malloc( sizeof (PaError) );
-    *pres = result;
-    
-    goto end;
-}
-
-/* Blocking interface */
-
-static PaError ReadStream( PaStream* s, void *buffer, unsigned long frames )
-{
-    PaError result = paNoError;
-    PaAlsaStream *stream = (PaAlsaStream*)s;
-    unsigned long framesGot, framesAvail;
-    void *userBuffer;
-    snd_pcm_t *save = stream->playback.pcm;
-
-    assert( stream );
-
-    PA_UNLESS( stream->capture.pcm, paCanNotReadFromAnOutputOnlyStream );
-
-    /* Disregard playback */
-    stream->playback.pcm = NULL;
-
-    if( stream->overrun > 0. )
-    {
-        result = paInputOverflowed;
-        stream->overrun = 0.0;
-    }
-
-    if( stream->capture.userInterleaved )
-    {
-        userBuffer = buffer;
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        /* Copy channels into local array */
-        userBuffer = stream->capture.userBuffers;
-        memcpy( userBuffer, buffer, sizeof (void *) * stream->capture.numUserChannels );
-    }
-
-    /* Start stream if in prepared state */
-    if( snd_pcm_state( stream->capture.pcm ) == SND_PCM_STATE_PREPARED )
-    {
-        ENSURE_( snd_pcm_start( stream->capture.pcm ), paUnanticipatedHostError );
-    }
-
-    while( frames > 0 )
-    {
-        int xrun = 0;
-        PA_ENSURE( PaAlsaStream_WaitForFrames( stream, &framesAvail, &xrun ) );
-        framesGot = PA_MIN( framesAvail, frames );
-
-        PA_ENSURE( PaAlsaStream_SetUpBuffers( stream, &framesGot, &xrun ) );
-        if( framesGot > 0 )
-        {
-            framesGot = PaUtil_CopyInput( &stream->bufferProcessor, &userBuffer, framesGot );
-            PA_ENSURE( PaAlsaStream_EndProcessing( stream, framesGot, &xrun ) );
-            frames -= framesGot;
-        }
-    }
-
-end:
-    stream->playback.pcm = save;
-    return result;
-error:
-    goto end;
-}
-
-static PaError WriteStream( PaStream* s, const void *buffer, unsigned long frames )
-{
-    PaError result = paNoError;
-    signed long err;
-    PaAlsaStream *stream = (PaAlsaStream*)s;
-    snd_pcm_uframes_t framesGot, framesAvail;
-    const void *userBuffer;
-    snd_pcm_t *save = stream->capture.pcm;
-    
-    assert( stream );
-
-    PA_UNLESS( stream->playback.pcm, paCanNotWriteToAnInputOnlyStream );
-
-    /* Disregard capture */
-    stream->capture.pcm = NULL;
-
-    if( stream->underrun > 0. )
-    {
-        result = paOutputUnderflowed;
-        stream->underrun = 0.0;
-    }
-
-    if( stream->playback.userInterleaved )
-        userBuffer = buffer;
-    else /* Copy channels into local array */
-    {
-        userBuffer = stream->playback.userBuffers;
-        memcpy( (void *)userBuffer, buffer, sizeof (void *) * stream->playback.numUserChannels );
-    }
-
-    while( frames > 0 )
-    {
-        int xrun = 0;
-        snd_pcm_uframes_t hwAvail;
-
-        PA_ENSURE( PaAlsaStream_WaitForFrames( stream, &framesAvail, &xrun ) );
-        framesGot = PA_MIN( framesAvail, frames );
-
-        PA_ENSURE( PaAlsaStream_SetUpBuffers( stream, &framesGot, &xrun ) );
-        if( framesGot > 0 )
-        {
-            framesGot = PaUtil_CopyOutput( &stream->bufferProcessor, &userBuffer, framesGot );
-            PA_ENSURE( PaAlsaStream_EndProcessing( stream, framesGot, &xrun ) );
-            frames -= framesGot;
-        }
-
-        /* Start stream after one period of samples worth */
-
-        /* Frames residing in buffer */
-        PA_ENSURE( err = GetStreamWriteAvailable( stream ) );
-        framesAvail = err;
-        hwAvail = stream->playback.bufferSize - framesAvail;
-
-        if( snd_pcm_state( stream->playback.pcm ) == SND_PCM_STATE_PREPARED &&
-                hwAvail >= stream->playback.framesPerBuffer )
-        {
-            ENSURE_( snd_pcm_start( stream->playback.pcm ), paUnanticipatedHostError );
-        }
-    }
-
-end:
-    stream->capture.pcm = save;
-    return result;
-error:
-    goto end;
-}
-
-/* Return frames available for reading. In the event of an overflow, the capture pcm will be restarted */
-static signed long GetStreamReadAvailable( PaStream* s )
-{
-    PaError result = paNoError;
-    PaAlsaStream *stream = (PaAlsaStream*)s;
-    unsigned long avail;
-    int xrun;
-
-    PA_ENSURE( PaAlsaStreamComponent_GetAvailableFrames( &stream->capture, &avail, &xrun ) );
-    if( xrun )
-    {
-        PA_ENSURE( PaAlsaStream_HandleXrun( stream ) );
-        PA_ENSURE( PaAlsaStreamComponent_GetAvailableFrames( &stream->capture, &avail, &xrun ) );
-        if( xrun )
-            PA_ENSURE( paInputOverflowed );
-    }
-
-    return (signed long)avail;
-
-error:
-    return result;
-}
-
-static signed long GetStreamWriteAvailable( PaStream* s )
-{
-    PaError result = paNoError;
-    PaAlsaStream *stream = (PaAlsaStream*)s;
-    unsigned long avail;
-    int xrun;
-
-    PA_ENSURE( PaAlsaStreamComponent_GetAvailableFrames( &stream->playback, &avail, &xrun ) );
-    if( xrun )
-    {
-        snd_pcm_sframes_t savail;
-
-        PA_ENSURE( PaAlsaStream_HandleXrun( stream ) );
-        savail = snd_pcm_avail_update( stream->playback.pcm );
-
-        /* savail should not contain -EPIPE now, since PaAlsaStream_HandleXrun will only prepare the pcm */
-        ENSURE_( savail, paUnanticipatedHostError );
-
-        avail = (unsigned long) savail;
-    }
-
-    return (signed long)avail;
-
-error:
-    return result;
-}
-
-/* Extensions */
-
-/* Initialize host api specific structure */
-void PaAlsa_InitializeStreamInfo( PaAlsaStreamInfo *info )
-{
-    info->size = sizeof (PaAlsaStreamInfo);
-    info->hostApiType = paALSA;
-    info->version = 1;
-    info->deviceString = NULL;
-}
-
-void PaAlsa_EnableRealtimeScheduling( PaStream *s, int enable )
-{
-    PaAlsaStream *stream = (PaAlsaStream *) s;
-    stream->threading.rtSched = enable;
-}
-
-void PaAlsa_EnableWatchdog( PaStream *s, int enable )
-{
-    PaAlsaStream *stream = (PaAlsaStream *) s;
-    stream->threading.useWatchdog = enable;
-}
diff --git a/pd/portaudio/pa_linux_alsa/pa_linux_alsa.h b/pd/portaudio/pa_linux_alsa/pa_linux_alsa.h
deleted file mode 100644
index e6f44b16..00000000
--- a/pd/portaudio/pa_linux_alsa/pa_linux_alsa.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,64 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef PA_LINUX_ALSA_H
-#define PA_LINUX_ALSA_H
-
-/*
- * $Id: pa_linux_alsa.h,v 1.1.2.12 2004/09/25 14:15:25 aknudsen Exp $
- * PortAudio Portable Real-Time Audio Library
- * ALSA-specific extensions
- *
- * Copyright (c) 1999-2000 Ross Bencina and Phil Burk
- *
- * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
- * a copy of this software and associated documentation files
- * (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction,
- * including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
- * publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software,
- * and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
- * subject to the following conditions:
- *
- * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
- * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
- *
- * Any person wishing to distribute modifications to the Software is
- * requested to send the modifications to the original developer so that
- * they can be incorporated into the canonical version.
- *
- * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
- * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
- * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
- * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR
- * ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF
- * CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
- * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
- *
- */
-
-/** @file
- * ALSA-specific PortAudio API extension header file.
- */
-
-#ifdef __cplusplus
-extern "C" {
-#endif
-
-typedef struct PaAlsaStreamInfo
-{
-    unsigned long size;
-    PaHostApiTypeId hostApiType;
-    unsigned long version;
-
-    const char *deviceString;
-}
-PaAlsaStreamInfo;
-
-void PaAlsa_InitializeStreamInfo( PaAlsaStreamInfo *info );
-
-void PaAlsa_EnableRealtimeScheduling( PaStream *s, int enable );
-
-void PaAlsa_EnableWatchdog( PaStream *s, int enable );
-
-#ifdef __cplusplus
-}
-#endif
-
-#endif